The Auk最新文献

{"title":"Community-sourced sightings of atypical birds can be used to understand the evolution of plumage color and pattern","authors":"Stepfanie M. Aguillon, Allison J. Shultz","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad029","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Birds are known for their brilliant colors and extraordinary patterns. Sightings of individuals with atypical plumage often cause considerable excitement in the birding public, but receive little attention beyond reporting one-off sightings by the scientific community. In this Perspective, we argue that sightings of individuals with atypical plumage submitted to community science platforms hold the potential to further our understanding of the evolution of plumage color and patterning in birds. As a demonstration, we outline two examples using sightings of leucistic individuals—those that lack melanin across the body or in certain feather patches. First, we discuss the potential for understanding carotenoid pigmentation with these sightings. Leucism influences melanins, but not carotenoids, and so the extent and distribution of carotenoids across the body are unmasked. In a leucistic individual, carotenoids may or may not be more extensive than what is typically visible and this could help to understand the energetic costs and constraints involved in obtaining, processing, and depositing carotenoids in different species. Second, we discuss how partial leucism could provide insights into plumage pattern evolution. We demonstrate that one can use the many observations present on community science platforms to identify repeated patterns in different partially leucistic individuals of the same species, and match these to patches present in related species. These patterns could be the result of shared underlying genetic variation that controls plumage patterning in birds over long evolutionary timescales. With these examples, we outline a few potential lines of inquiry possible with atypical sightings submitted to community science platforms and note that other plumage aberrations provide additional opportunities. We encourage researchers to take full advantage of these chance sightings when they occur and database managers to make it possible to more easily tag photos of individuals with atypical plumage or other traits. LAY SUMMARY The fascination of the birding public with the brilliant colors and patterns of birds means sightings of individuals with atypical plumage receive extraordinary attention. We suggest these sightings should receive equal attention from the scientific community, as they could further our evolutionary understanding of bird color and patterning. As a demonstration, we outline two examples using sightings of leucistic individuals—those lacking melanin in some or all of their plumage. We encourage researchers to take full advantage of these rare sightings and managers of community science platforms to enable easier searches for atypical individuals. RESUMEN Las aves son conocidas por sus colores brillantes y sus patrones extraordinarios. Los avistamientos de individuos con plumaje atípico a menudo causan una gran emoción en el público observador de aves, pero reciben poca atención por parte de la comunidad científica m","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"11a 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128184708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking hidden genetic, vocal, and size variation in the Masked Flowerpiercer along the Andes supports two species separated by Northern Peruvian Low","authors":"Silvia C. Martínez-Gómez, C. E. Lara, Jr J. V. Remsen, R. T. Brumfield, Andrés M. Cuervo","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad028","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Genetic divergence among isolated populations is not always reflected in phenotypic differentiation. We investigated the genetic and phenotypic differentiation in Diglossa cyanea (Thraupidae; Masked Flowerpiercer), a widely distributed species in the tropical Andes. We found strong evidence for 2 main lineages separated by the Marañón River valley in the Northern Peruvian Low (NPL). These 2 lineages show a deep sequence divergence in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; ∼6.7% uncorrected p-distance, n = 122), spectral frequency and song structure (with exclusive final whistles in southern populations, n = 88), and wing length (the northern populations are smaller, n = 364). The 2 divergent D. cyanea mitochondrial lineages were not sister to each other, suggesting a possible paraphyly with respect to D. caerulescens (Bluish Flowerpiercer) that remains to be tested with nuclear genomic data. No genetic variation, size difference, or song structure was observed within the extensive range of the southern group (from the NPL to central Bolivia) or within all sampled northern populations (from the NPL to Venezuela). These vocal differences appear to have consequences for song discrimination, and species recognition, according to a previously published playback experiment study. We propose that the southern taxon be elevated to species rank as D. melanopis, a monotypic species (with the proposed name Whistling Masked-Flowerpiercer). In turn, we provide a redefinition of D. cyanea (Warbling Masked-Flowerpiercer), which is now restricted to the northern half of the tropical Andes as a polytypic species with 3 subspecies (tovarensis, obscura, and cyanea). Based on our results, the subspecies dispar should be treated as a junior synonym of cyanea. Our study highlights the need to continue amassing complementary data sets from field observations, experiments, and collection-based assessments to better characterize the evolutionary history, biogeography, bioacoustics, and taxonomy of Neotropical montane birds. LAY SUMMARY We analyzed variation in mitochondrial DNA, songs, and body size among populations of a bird species of the Andean mountains (Masked Flowerpiercer) that shows relatively little plumage variation across its 3,800-km-long distribution from northern Venezuela to central Bolivia. We found that the Masked Flowerpiercer consists of two divergent populations separated by a deep geographic depression known as the Northern Peruvian Low (NPL). The degree of mitochondrial sequence divergence between them is as great as between either of them and another species, the Bluish Flowerpiercer. The two populations also have distinct songs, with the song of the southern group (melanopis) ending with clear whistles that are completely absent in the northern group (cyanea). The southern group also tend to have longer wings than do populations north of the NPL. The southern population should be treated as a separate species, Diglossa melanopis (Whistling Masked Flo","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115233050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter range shifts and their associations with species traits are heterogeneous in eastern North American birds","authors":"Andrew J Laughlin, Lars Y Pomara","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many species’ distributions are shifting in response to climate change. Many distributional shifts are predictably poleward or higher in elevation, but heterogeneity in the rate and direction of shifts both within and between species appears to be common. We found high heterogeneity in the trajectory of winter range shifts for 65 species of birds across eastern North America and in the different traits and trait interactions associated with these shifts across the spatial scales we examined. We used data from the Christmas Bird Count to quantify the trajectory of winter latitudinal center of abundance range shifts over 4 decades (1980–2019) for 65 species of songbirds and woodpeckers in North America, both across eastern North America (ENA) as a whole and for the Atlantic (ATL) and Mississippi (MISS) flyways separately. We then used linear models and Akaike’s Information Criterion with small-sample size correction (AICc) model selection to test whether species traits could explain variation in range shifts or flyway discrepancies. Across ENA, most species showed northward latitudinal range shifts, but some showed no latitudinal shift while others shifted southwards. Amongst ATL and MISS, we documented both within- and between-species differences in the rate and direction of latitudinal shifts, complicating the results from across ENA. No single trait emerged as a dominant driver of range shift differences at the ENA and flyway scales. Migration strategy interacted with insectivory to explain variation at the largest spatial scale (ENA), whereas frugivory and mean winter latitude explained much of the variation in ATL and MISS, respectively. Exploring heterogeneity in range shifts within and between species, and in the associations between range shifts and life history traits, will help us better understand the mechanisms that mediate differing responses to environmental change and predict which species will be better able to adapt to those changes.","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135478376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Singing on the nest is a widespread behavior in incubating Northern Mockingbirds and increases probability of nest predation","authors":"Christine M Stracey, Karina Sanchez, Brishauna Brown, Dakota Hawkins, Tricia Shepherd","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we documented for the first time singing on the nest (SOTN) in 74% of 65 Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) nests that were monitored with continuous-running video cameras (8,353.9 hr sampled). As predicted, higher rates of SOTN significantly decreased daily survival rates of nests. SOTN occurred almost exclusively by females during the egg stage and in 86% (48 of 56) of nests for which we had sampling from the egg stage. While extensive at the population level, the average rate of SOTN per individual was low (5.24 ± 1.24 s SOTN per hour of video sampled). We found mixed support for the hypothesis that SOTN functions in territory maintenance. We found no support for the hypotheses that SOTN functions to coordinate parental care, defend nests, or aid in vocal learning. Given the limited attention SOTN has received and the mostly anecdotal accounts of it, our understanding of its costs and benefits is lacking. We conclude that while individual rates of SOTN are quite low, SOTN may be more widespread in populations than previously thought and that studies specifically designed to test hypotheses regarding potential functions are critically needed. LAY SUMMARY In some bird species, individuals will sing while sitting on the nest (SOTN); however, little is known about this behavior. Why do birds that hide their nests engage in this conspicuous behavior that could draw the attention of nest predators? We used video recordings from 65 Northern Mockingbird nests to provide the first evidence that mockingbirds sing on the nest. Singing on the nest occurred in 86% of nests with sampling during the egg stage, but rates of singing on each nest were low. Almost all singing events were by females incubating eggs. As predicted, higher rates of singing led to increased rates of nest predation. We found mixed evidence that singing functions in territory maintenance and no evidence that singing functions in coordination of parental care, nest defense, or vocal learning. We conclude that rare SOTN may be more widespread than previously thought and needs further study to understand its function. RESUMEN En este estudio, documentamos por primera vez el canto en el nido en el 74% de los 65 nidos de ruiseñor común (Mimus polyglottos) que fueron monitorizados con cámaras de vídeo de funcionamiento continuo (8.353,9 horas muestreadas). Como se predijo, las mayores tasas de SOTN disminuyeron significativamente las tasas de supervivencia diaria de los nidos. El SOTN se produjo casi exclusivamente por parte de las hembras durante la fase de huevo y en el 86% (48/56) de los nidos de los que se tomaron muestras desde la fase de huevo. Aunque extensa en el nivel de población, la tasa media del cantas en el nido por individual fue muy baja (5,24 ± 1,24 s SOTN por hora de vídeo muestreada). Encontramos un apoyo mixto a la hipótesis de que la cantas en el nido funciona en la defensa del territorio. No encontramos apoyo para la hipótesis de que la can","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135383394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Underestimated Neotropical diversity: Integrative taxonomy reveals two unrelated look-alike species in a suboscine bird (<i>Pachyramphus albogriseus</i>)","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukac058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukac058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135898227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Issue","authors":"The Editors","doi":"10.1642/AUK-2016-134.2.i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-2016-134.2.i","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>...</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121689577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Issue","authors":"M. Ford, A. Swallow, Rudolph Umland, E. Fergusson, V. Scholes","doi":"10.2345/0899-8205-50.4.fmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-50.4.fmi","url":null,"abstract":"for person affected archaism dialect epithetus ornans metonymy neologism nonce word normal pathetic fallacy personification poetic diction polyptoton pun sense play soriasmus word chain word link ============================================================ ME (METER) The four point scale: ncrmal(/), light stress (): unstressed (u) emphasis (//).","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124453213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Michael Don Kern, 1938–2019","authors":"Sharon E. Lynn","doi":"10.1093/ORNITHOLOGY/UKAA077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ORNITHOLOGY/UKAA077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114263413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2020 AOS William Brewster Memorial Awards to Regina Macedo","authors":"S. Haig, K. Hobson, B. Sandercock, R. Bowman, L. A. Whittingham","doi":"10.1093/auk/ukaa037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/ukaa037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115852738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2020 AOS William Brewster Memorial Award to John Rotenberry","authors":"S. Haig, K. Hobson, B. Sandercock, R. Bowman, L. A. Whittingham","doi":"10.1093/auk/ukaa040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/ukaa040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127738935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}