Forensic Science Review最新文献_第7页

A Review of Forensic Science Management Literature. 法医学管理文献综述。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2015-01-01

M M Houck, W P McAndrew, M Porter, B Davies

引用次数: 0

Aum Shinrikyo's Chemical and Biological Weapons: More Than Sarin. 奥姆真理教的生化武器:不仅仅是沙林毒气。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-07-01

A T Tu

引用次数: 0

Murder with Radioactive Polonium Metal. 放射性钋金属谋杀。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-07-01

T A Kato, D E Wozniak

引用次数: 0

Tetrodotoxin-Medicated Delay in Aconitine Toxicity: A Murder in Okinawa. 河豚毒素延迟乌头碱毒性:冲绳的一起谋杀案。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-07-01

Y Ohno

引用次数: 0

Forensic Analysis in the Wakayama Arsenic Case. 和歌山砷案的法医分析。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-07-01

Y Kimura

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Acute and Long-Term Impact of Chemical Weapons: Lessons from the Iran-Iraq War. 化学武器的急性和长期影响:两伊战争的教训。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-07-01

D D Haines, S C Fox

{"title":"Acute and Long-Term Impact of Chemical Weapons: Lessons from the Iran-Iraq War.","authors":"D D Haines, S C Fox","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical weapons have given the human experience of warfare a uniquely terrifying quality that has inspired a general repugnance and led to periodic attempts to ban their use. Nevertheless, since ancient times, toxic agents have been consistently employed to kill and terrorize target populations. The evolution of these weapons is examined here in ways that may allow military, law enforcement, and scientific professionals to gain a perspective on conditions that, in the past, have motivated their use - both criminally and as a matter of national policy during military campaigns. Special emphasis is placed on the genocidal use of chemical weapons by the regime of Saddam Hussein, both against Iranians and on Kurdish citizens of his own country, during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88. The historical development of chemical weapons use is summarized to show how progressively better insight into biochemistry and physiology was adapted to this form of warfare. Major attributes of the most frequently used chemical agents and a description of how they affected military campaigns are explained. Portions of this review describing chemical-casualty care devote particular focus to Iranian management of neurotoxic (nerve) agent casualties due to the unique nature of this experience. Both nerve and blistering \"mustard\" agents were used extensively against Iranian forces. However, Iran is the only nation in history to have sustained large-scale attacks with neurotoxic weapons. For this reason, an understanding of the successes and failures of countermeasures to nerve-agent use developed by the Iranian military are particularly valuable for future civil defense and military planning. A detailed consideration of these strategies is therefore considered. Finally, the outcomes of clinical research into severe chronic disease triggered by mustard-agent exposure are examined in the context of the potential of these outcomes to determine the etiology of illness among US and Allied veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. ","PeriodicalId":38192,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science Review","volume":"26 2","pages":"97-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34052814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxins as Weapons: A Historical Review. 毒素作为武器:历史回顾。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-07-01

R Pita, A Romero

引用次数: 0

Murder by Poisons: Cases in Taiwan, 1999-2008. 投毒谋杀:1999-2008年台湾案例。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-07-01

K-P Shaw, H-T Chen

引用次数: 0

Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Adverse Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoid Drugs. 合成大麻素药物的药理学、毒理学和副作用。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-01-01

S M R Gurney, K S Scott, S L Kacinko, B C Presley, B K Logan

{"title":"Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Adverse Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoid Drugs.","authors":"S M R Gurney, K S Scott, S L Kacinko, B C Presley, B K Logan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic cannabinoid drugs have become an established part of the recreational drug landscape in the United States and internationally. These drugs are manufactured in clandestine laboratories internationally and distributed in the United States in smoking mixtures, use of which produces effects very similar to use of marijuana. The adverse-effect profile of the drugs has not been studied in humans and infrequently in animal models, so much of the information about their toxicity comes from emergency department and treatment reports and forensic case studies. This review considers the discovery and characterization of the endocannabinoid system, approaches to receptor-binding studies of various synthetic cannabinoids from the first wave of naphthoylindoles (e.g., JWH-018) to the emerging adamantoylindole drugs (e.g., AKB-48), and their analogs, to evaluate the potential activity of drugs in this class. Currently employed approaches to assessing functional activity of the drugs using in vitro and in vivo models is also described, and comparisons made to the effects of THC. The physiological effects of activation of the endocannabinoid system in humans are reviewed, and the physiological effects of cannabinoid use are described. Case reports of adverse events including emergency department admissions, mental health admissions, and clinical and forensic case reports are presented in detail and discussed to summarize the current state of knowledge of adverse effects, both clinical and forensic in humans, including effects on driving ability, and tissue injury and death. The greatest weight is accorded to those reports that include toxicological confirmation of use. Finally, we discuss the current status of attempts to schedule and control the distribution of synthetic cannabinoids and the relevance of receptor binding and functional activity in this context. There is growing toxicological and pharmacological evidence of impairment, psychosis, tissue injury, and isolated deaths attributable to this emerging class of drugs. ","PeriodicalId":38192,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"53-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33949138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-Site Detection as a Countermeasure to Chemical Warfare/Terrorism. 现场探测作为对抗化学战/恐怖主义的对策。

Forensic Science Review Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Y Seto

{"title":"On-Site Detection as a Countermeasure to Chemical Warfare/Terrorism.","authors":"Y Seto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"On-site monitoring and detection are necessary in the crisis and consequence management of wars and terrorism involving chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as sarin. The analytical performance required for on-site detection is mainly determined by the fatal vapor concentration and volatility of the CWAs involved. The analytical performance for presently available on-site technologies and commercially available on-site equipment for detecting CWAs interpreted and compared in this review include: classical manual methods, photometric methods, ion mobile spectrometry, vibrational spectrometry, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, sensors, and other methods. Some of the data evaluated were obtained from our experiments using authentic CWAs. We concluded that (a) no technologies perfectly fulfill all of the on-site detection requirements and (b) adequate on-site detection requires (i) a combination of the monitoring-tape method and ion-mobility spectrometry for point detection and (ii) a combination of the monitoring-tape method, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry with counterflow introduction, and gas chromatography with a trap and special detectors for continuous monitoring. The basic properties of CWAs, the concept of on-site detection, and the sarin gas attacks in Japan as well as the forensic investigations thereof, are also explicated in this article. ","PeriodicalId":38192,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"23-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33949137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0