Hungarian Geographical Bulletin最新文献_第2页

Border control and accident rate of irregular immigration in the route to the Canary Islands (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间前往加那利群岛(西班牙)路线的边境管制和非法移民事故率

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.1

Carmelo Ulises Mesa-Pérez, J. Parreño-Castellano, Josefina Domínguez-Mujica

{"title":"Border control and accident rate of irregular immigration in the route to the Canary Islands (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Carmelo Ulises Mesa-Pérez, J. Parreño-Castellano, Josefina Domínguez-Mujica","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the first decades of the 21st century, the maritime borders of the European Union have witnessed a growing and increasingly complex mobility of an irregular nature. Moreover, the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on many African countries revealed the weakness of the maritime border and its permeability, as well as its increased danger. This research aims to study these irregular migration flows by sea during 2020 and 2021, through the Atlantic border between the Canary Islands and Africa. The so-called “Canary route” is one of the most dangerous maritime routes in the world due to the ocean conditions, the distances that must be covered and the way in which migrants move. Our analysis will therefore focus on one of the central aspects of this crossing, its danger and associated accident rate, which can be measured in terms of the number of shipwrecks, deaths, and missing persons. The objectives of this paper are: i) to show the spatial location of those wrecks; ii) to give an estimate of data on missing persons and deaths; iii) to focus on the study of those persons affected; iv) to delve into the underlying causes; and v) to analyse the border control actions developed during the pandemic. With this aim, information has been compiled from different national and international sources: official records, contrasted data provided by some NGOs and the IOM, and testimonies of the agents involved. This material is used to reflect on the normalization of border control as a factor that inevitably leads to deaths and disappearances. It suggests that this event should be a central element in European migration policy, contributing to designing border control actions that go beyond containment, thereby preventing the loss of human lives.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42048780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

International immigration and entrepreneurship in rural areas of the Spanish Pyrenees 西班牙比利牛斯山脉农村地区的国际移民和创业

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.2

C. Mendoza

{"title":"International immigration and entrepreneurship in rural areas of the Spanish Pyrenees","authors":"C. Mendoza","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The academic literature on international immigration into rural areas has clearly identified two main international migration flows: retirement migration and low-skilled migration in farming. Yet, the emphasis on these two types of international immigrants has overlooked other types of incomers, such as professionals, lifestyle movers, immigrant entrepreneurs and self-employed workers who may potentially have positive impacts on local rural economies and societies. Filling a gap in the literature, this paper concentrates on immigrant entrepreneurship in the Spanish Pyrenees. In doing so, it explores connections between local economies, entrepreneurship, and lifestyle immigration. It also analyses the potential of immigrant entrepreneurs to contribute to local economic growth with the different types of capital they possess (e.g. human capital, social capital). Methodology, it is based on a fieldwork carried out in the Spanish Pyrenees between February and May 2022. Specifically, it has been carried out 31 in-depth interviews with foreign-born immigrants in two areas of the Spanish Pyrenees (Girona and Huesca). The non-representative sample is equally distributed among immigrant entrepreneurs, self-employed workers, and employees, and it was also balanced by sex and covered different ages, covering, thus, a broad spectrum of immigrants’ labour incorporations. Our results add new evidence to previous discussions on immigrant entrepreneurship and lifestyle immigration, from the viewpoint of rural mountain areas. Interviewed immigrant entrepreneurs occasionally play a key role in the creation and introduction of innovative products in very specific market niches in farming and tourism in the Pyrenees. In this way, immigrants stimulate local economies, and help to strengthen values on sustainability, community and sense of place. Yet the companies they create are often limited in both size and capital, and these circumstances generally produce only a slight impact on local economic development and job creation in the Pyrenees","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49356513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mobility patterns of satellite travellers based on mobile phone cellular data 基于移动电话蜂窝数据的卫星旅行者的移动模式

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.5

G. Michalkó, Márton Prorok, A. Kondor, Noémi Ilyés, Tünde Szabó

{"title":"Mobility patterns of satellite travellers based on mobile phone cellular data","authors":"G. Michalkó, Márton Prorok, A. Kondor, Noémi Ilyés, Tünde Szabó","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time, tourism statistics were the only reliable source of information on tourism mobility. Tourism statistics are inadequate for the analysis of tourist mobility within state borders and across Schengen Borders without using registered accommodations. Big data offers the opportunity to gain a better understanding of tourism movements, for example, same-day tourist flows in metropolitan areas. Here, we introduce the concept of the satellite traveller to more effectively investigate the nature of tourism between the large city and its surroundings. As tourists communicate via cellular devices, the use of mobile phones offers an opportunity for researchers to explore the mobility pattern of tourists. In this article, we discuss the specificities of mobility in Hungary by SIM card users registered in foreign countries. The analysis is based on the Telekom database. We seek to answer the question to what extent the information from the satellite tourists’ mobile phone use can help to understand their movements and to identify frequented places less commonly accounted for in tourism statistics. The most important findings of our investigation are (1) the confirmation of former knowledge about spatial characteristics of same-day tourist flows in the Budapest Metropolitan Region, (2) the insight that far away settlements are also visited by satellite travellers, and (3) the methodological limitations of mobile phone cellular data for tourism mobility analysis.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cross-border shopping tourism: the case of Hungary 新冠肺炎疫情对跨境购物旅游的影响：以匈牙利为例

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.4

Mihály Tömöri, B. Staniscia

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cross-border shopping tourism: the case of Hungary","authors":"Mihály Tömöri, B. Staniscia","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"By today the smooth functioning of the global economy has been highly dependent on the uninterrupted flow of factors across borders. The free flow of tourists is also inevitable for the proper functioning of the global tourism industry. However, tourism and various forms of cross-border (tourism) activities were put under unprecedented pressure due to the COVID-19 pandemic, since most countries, including Hungary, introduced serious restrictions on mobility to slow down the spread of the virus. This paper focuses on a relatively under-researched topic, cross-border shopping tourism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Before the outbreak of the pandemic, shopping tourism was deemed to be an increasingly important component of the tourism value chain. Several studies have demonstrated that shopping has become one of the most favourable activities among tourists and one of the major categories of tourists’ expenditure. Based on the review of the relevant literature, the paper introduces the notion and forms of shopping tourism and discusses the major research topics with special regard to the effects of the pandemic and other types of crisis events. The impact of the pandemic on shopping tourism is observed through the example of Hungary, whereby the effects of restrictions, exchange rate fluctuations, and price-level differences on the number of in- and outbound shopping trips, and the related expenditures, are evaluated. Results show that re-bordering processes due to the pandemic have not only resulted in an unprecedented decline in cross-border shopping tourism, but they also contributed to the spatial restructuring of shopping (tourism) and retailing. The pandemic not only sustained cross-border differentials vital to shopping tourism but sometimes even created new forms of them; these differences, however, could not counter the negative effects of restricted international mobility. The paper aims to contribute to the literature on cross-border tourism by reviewing the effects and consequences of COVID-19 and related restrictions on shopping tourism.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48277007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gender features of the Kazakhstan labour market in the context of sustainable development 在可持续发展的背景下哈萨克斯坦劳动力市场的性别特征

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.4

G. Nyussupova, G. Aidarkhanova, Laura Kenespayeva, Roza Kelinbayeva

{"title":"Gender features of the Kazakhstan labour market in the context of sustainable development","authors":"G. Nyussupova, G. Aidarkhanova, Laura Kenespayeva, Roza Kelinbayeva","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Kazakhstan is demonstrating its commitment to promoting gender equality and working closely with the globalcommunity. Over the past decade, the gender gap in the structure of labour force of Kazakhstan has slightly decreased. However, gender gaps persist. Women in Kazakhstan make up slightly more than half of the total population of the country, but their contribution to indicators of economic activity, growth and well-being of republic is significantly below their potential. In this article, gender dynamics of Kazakhstan labour market are explored at macro and micro levels using GIS. In this article, authors tried to answer the following questions: What is the gender situation in the labour market of Kazakhstan, as a country of Central Asia region with an Eastern mentality? Does the growing number of employed women lead to higher levels of gender equality in the Kazakhstan labour market? What are the characteristics of women’s employment compared to men’s? The results of research show that women’s increased access to jobs has not led to a significant reduction in the gap in earnings and incomes between men and women. This is due to the gender segregation of vocational education, which lays the foundation for sectoral differentiation of employment with different geographical distributions. Also, the so-called “glass ceiling” or low accessibility to leadership positions hinders women’s greater competitiveness. In addition, such an important element of labour market as unpaid domestic work, which is mainly occupied by women, is still not recognized.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46303459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kazharski, A.: Central Europe Thirty Years after the Fall of Communism. A return to a Margin? Kazharski，A.：共产主义垮台三十年后的中欧。回到保证金？

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.6

Gela Merabishvili

引用次数: 0

Segments of the ancient cultural landscape in the “Hungarian Corner” of Moravia: A valuable pre-industrial heritage 摩拉维亚“匈牙利角”的古代文化景观片段：宝贵的前工业遗产

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.3

J. Kolejka, E. Nováková

{"title":"Segments of the ancient cultural landscape in the “Hungarian Corner” of Moravia: A valuable pre-industrial heritage","authors":"J. Kolejka, E. Nováková","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"After a brief historical overview, the paper discusses two basic types of natural and cultural heritage in the territory of the “Hungarian corner” of Moravia. For 300 years, this area called a Campus Lucsco in the southeast of today’s republic was disputed territory between the Czech and Hungarian states. Settlement therefore proceeded slowly in waves depending on the political situation. The present international border was established around the year 1333. Numerous documents of the ancient landscape, probably of medieval origin, have been preserved in the current landscape. They are the ground plans of the cores of municipalities, whether they were founded by Czech or Hungarian landlords on one hand, and the remains of ancient land distribution in the form of narrow strips of agricultural land on the other hand. Other areas succumbed to land consolidation during land reforms in the 20th century. While the ground plans of the village cores are only subject to minor changes, the small-scale use of land is still threatened by further merging. The ground plans of the municipalities and land division at the present time (in colour orthophoto maps) were visually compared with the situation documented by the stable cadastre maps from the 1820s–1830s (see Figure 3). Only identical areas in both sources represent urban and rural segments of the pre-industrial landscape, whose roots go back to the dated Medieval Ages. They are documented on selected representative examples well-preserved ground plans of village cores, probably of integrated Hungarian and Czech origin. Similarly, well-preserved examples of the ancient division of agricultural land in flat and dissected terrain both with poly-functional and mono-functional land use are demonstrated. The best-preserved remnants of the ancient pre-industrial landscape are equal in value to protected areas of nature and cultural monuments. Their number and quality these remnants are threatened by economic pressure.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44045452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kunc, J., Križan, F., Novotná, M., Bilková, K., Sikos, T.T., Ilnicki, D. and Wyeth, R.: Thirty Years of Retail Transformation in V4 Countries Kunc，J.、Križan，F.、Novotná，M.、Bilková，K.、Sikos，T.T.、Ilnicki，D.和Wyeth，R.：V4国家零售业转型三十年

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.7

Dóra Szendi

引用次数: 0

A new way to understand urban-rural relations: Habitus studies of rural places 理解城乡关系的新途径：农村地区的习惯研究

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.5

Vanda Jóvér

{"title":"A new way to understand urban-rural relations: Habitus studies of rural places","authors":"Vanda Jóvér","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"“Taken for-granted divisions of geographic space (such as centre and periphery) must be viewed according to Bourdieu, as the effect of distance in social space, i.e. the unequal distribution of the different kinds of capital in geographical space” – as Reed-Danahay, D. (2020, 17) puts it in their book about the spatial aspect of Pierre Bourdieu’s action theory. Field, social space, capital, disposition, and habitus are all essential components of Bourdieu’s theory, but what about places? This paper focuses on the importance of geographical space, place and scales in a habitus analysis and tries to show the possibilities the concept of habitus can offer in spatial studies. While research on the relationship between Bourdieu’s concept of habitus and spatiality is becoming increasingly popular (Berger, V. 2018; Németh, K. 2020; Reed-Danahay, D. 2020), still few scholars (e.g. Máté, É. et al. 2022) undertake place-based habitus analyses. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the international academic discourse on place-based (in this case mainly rural) habitus analysis. Considering a dozen empirical studies from different perspectives and in different geographical areas, I focus on the specificities of habitus analysis in rural places. After briefly introducing the concept of habitus and its critiques, I will describe the characteristics of habitus studies in rural places by presenting various views. Then, I will show how the relationship between rural and urban habitus studies suggests that habitus does indeed contribute to the persistence of urban-rural structures.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43019159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The challenges of commercial mountaineering on the highest Volcanic Seven Summit, the Ojos del Salado 在最高的七火山山顶，奥霍斯德尔萨拉多的商业登山的挑战

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.2

B. Nagy, Á. Ignéczi, I. Kovács-Székely, S. Ruiz Pereira, G. Mihajlik, P. Felkai, László Mari

{"title":"The challenges of commercial mountaineering on the highest Volcanic Seven Summit, the Ojos del Salado","authors":"B. Nagy, Á. Ignéczi, I. Kovács-Székely, S. Ruiz Pereira, G. Mihajlik, P. Felkai, László Mari","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial mountaineering has gained widespread popularity in recent decades. Global mountaineering challenges – e.g., the Seven Summits challenge to climb the highest summit of each continent – amplify this process, and also raise the profile of individual destinations. The highest volcano on the Earth, the Ojos del Salado in the Dry Andes (Chile/Argentina) is featured in two of the major challenges (Seven Second Summits, Volcanic Seven Summits). Thus, it is a prime extreme outdoor tourism destination. The relative ease of access and the non-technical nature of the ascent have also contributed to the increasing volume of tourism. However, our observations about commercial mountaineering practices reveal surprisingly low success rates on the summit. Based on data from our decade-long environmental monitoring programme and our field experiences,, we attribute this to the extreme environment and landscape of the mountain (e.g., cold and dry climate, strong winds, topographical situation, loose surface material), scarce mountaineering facilities, and potential misjudgements by inexperienced climbers.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47418119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0