{"title":"TiO2, SiO2, CaF2, and CaCO3: the Influence of Particles’ Concentration on Luminous Efficiency of the Conformal Geometry MCW-LEDs","authors":"Lê Đình Anh Vũ, Hoang Minh Tran, T. T. Nam","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I4.1326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I4.1326","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the influence of scattering enhancement particle TiO 2, SiO 2 , CaF 2 , and CaCO3 concentration, which adds to the YAG:Ce phosphor compounding, on the luminous efficiency of multichip white LEDs (MCW-LEDs) was proposed and analyzed. Firstly, the physical model of MCW-LEDs is simulated and demonstrated by using commercial LightTools 8.4 program. After that, the effect of scattering enhancement particles on the luminous efficiency is calculated and analyzed. Then, the luminous output of the 8500K W-LEDs are demonstrated convincingly by the Monte Carlo simulation and the Mie-scattering theory. The simulation results indicated that the highest luminous output could be accomplished with CaCO 3 particles. The results and discussion provided a prospective approach for higher-quality manufacturing W-LEDs in the near future.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45506232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Curve Fitting of NURBS Curve for CNC Motion Controller","authors":"Chin-Sheng Chen, C. Tsai","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1437","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a real-time coplanar Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curve fitting in a CAD/CAM system to improve fitting quality and reduce calculation effort. Curve segmentation is applied to filter the line segments and reshape the different NURBS curve segments. Both position errors and the first derivative are considered to avoid over fitting of the NURBS curve. After the fitted NURBS curve is obtained, the corresponding interpolation for each interpolated time is further processed to obtain the motion command for each axis. The real-time NURBS curve fitting process consists of (1) discrete points import, (2) linear segment filter, (3) curve reshaping, (4) curve fitting considering both the position errors and the first derivative. Simulation results show the proposed approach effectively improves the fitting quality and calculation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42361794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Objective Energy Management Strategy for HEV","authors":"Y. Huang, N. Tsai","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1422","url":null,"abstract":"Based on equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), the approaches by genetic algorithm (GA), learning vector quantization neural networks (LVQ NNs) and fuzzy logic algorithm (FLA) are integrated to adjust/tune the power split ratio between internal combustion engines (ICE) and belt-driven starter generators (BSG). The proposed bi-object equivalent consumption minimization strategy (BOECMS) possesses three key features: being real-time, causal and capable of fulfilling two objects, namely, (i) minimizing fuel consumption, and (ii) ensuring a stable battery state of charge (SOC) within a relatively narrow range. A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model and its corresponding power split strategy are developed and verified by using the vehicle simulator ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator) and Simulink at the design stage. For practicality, the proposed control strategy, BOECMS, is converted into C code and then written into the embedded micro-processor to conduct the necessary hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments at the verification stage. According to computer simulation results, fuel economy improved by 40.39 % over pure ICE vehicles for the “MANHATTAN” drive cycle. In addition, the SOC can be retained within a relatively narrow range: [0.4, 0.6]. Finally and significantly, the experimental results by HIL converge well with computer simulation results using Simulink, implying BOECMS can potentially be applied to the real-world driving in the future.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47529090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic Image Processing based Size Characterization of Green Pellets","authors":"V. Subramanyam, Prabal Patra, M. Singh","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1133","url":null,"abstract":"The size of pellets has a significant effect on the performance of blast furnaces. Based on experience, the universally accepted size of pellets for efficient blast furnace operations is between 9 millimeters to 16 millimeters. But presence of smaller size pellets or fines lowers the blast furnace stack permeability, increases dust losses and may lower the maximum permissible blast temperature for smooth operation of the furnace. Pellets too big are also undesirable, particularly if its reducibility is low and is poor in strength, thus undergoing physical degradation during furnace operation.This paper relates to a non-contact method of measuring the size of green pellets being fed into the Blast furnace. A method is developed for the automatic size characterization of green pellets in the conveyor belts before the pellets are being indurated in a travelling grate furnace to confer the required physical and metallurgical properties. The method employs imaging and illumination devices installed in the conveyor belt in the pellet plant of Tata Steel and then, processing those images using imaging algorithms to obtain the size distribution. Apart from the size distribution of the green pellets, the system also identifies the pelletizing disc from which the green balls originated so as to effectively control the pelletizing process.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iterative Learning Control for Trajectory Tracking of Robot Manipulators","authors":"T. Hsiao, P. Huang","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1410","url":null,"abstract":"Iterative learning control (ILC) has been shown to be effective in improving tracking performance of repetitive tasks, and is widely used in the motion control systems of CNC machines, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, hard disk drives, etc. However, applying ILC to robot manipulators requires careful consideration of nonlinear dynamics. We propose using a computed torque controller and the disturbance observer (DOB) to robustly linearize the dynamics of robot manipulators. The PD feedback controller is then applied for each joint to achieve the desired bandwidth and damping ratio. Both control-based ILC and command-based ILC are implemented separately in the linearized system as a feedforward compensator to enhance trajectory tracking accuracy. The proposed control system is realized in a six-axis industrial robot. Experimental results show that DOB is indispensable for robust feedback linearization so that ILC can work on the linearized system to improve the tracking performance for repetitive motion. Satisfactory and similar performance is accomplished by both control-based ILC and command-based ILC.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual estimation of lateral analysis for railway vehicle wheelset to control disturbance for smooth running","authors":"Z. Soomro","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1183","url":null,"abstract":"The lateral aspects of railway vehicle wheelset have a significant impact on railway wheelset dynamic systems. Lateral analysis usually causes wheelset slippage from the track resulting insufficient adhesion which can lead to creep. Significant disturbances are mostly caused in lateral direction due to speed. This paper uses the dual Kalman filter strategy to deal with noise issues and thus minimizes the error ratio during observation. A single Kalman filter reduces errors to a minimum extent while the second estimator decreases the maximum available chance of error. Using a third estimator provides no further improvement over the dual Kalman filter implementation.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"119-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46047386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation and Compensation of the LuGre Friction Model in High-Speed Micro-Motion Control","authors":"Congzhi Huang, S. Yeh, P. Hsu","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1400","url":null,"abstract":"Static friction compensation is usually required to reduce friction in precision motion control and manufacturing processes. Micro-motion control is a current trend for precision machining in the electronics industry. Dynamic friction plays an important role in systems using micro-scale motion at high-speed and high-frequency command. The Lund–Grenoble (LuGre) friction model is suitable for coping with the dynamic friction effect. However, the parameters of this model are difficult to accurately identify to ensure satisfactory control performance in miniature machining. This paper proposes an efficient and systematic three-step parameter estimation method for LuGre modeling. The friction compensation of the proposed approach was successfully demonstrated on a 400W AC servo motor. Furthermore, under a peck drilling command on DYNA 1007 CNC machine, the LuGre model also improved motion precision by 72.0% in the maximum peak error.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48199411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haw-Ching Yang, Chun-hong Cheng, Ting-Wei Su, Kung Lu-Wen, Chia-Ming Jan, Wenchieh Wu, Min-Nan Wu
{"title":"Intelligent Sensing Unit for Estimation Roughness of Electrical Discharge Machining","authors":"Haw-Ching Yang, Chun-hong Cheng, Ting-Wei Su, Kung Lu-Wen, Chia-Ming Jan, Wenchieh Wu, Min-Nan Wu","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I3.1431","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the quality of an electrical discharge machining (EDM) workpiece is challenging when attempting to extract features from the stochastic and time-consuming processes. To solve this problem, an intelligent sensing unit for EDM (ISU-EDM) is proposed to extract key machining features for estimating workpiece roughness. During machining, the ISU-EDM simultaneously samples the signals of both the discharge current and voltage, while automatically segmenting the signals according to tool location and discharge effectiveness. Furthermore, the machining features could be extracted from the segmented data by a genetic-algorithm-based distribution fitting method. After applying the features to an automated virtual metrology system, experimental results show that the mean absolute percentage error of roughness estimation is less than 15%.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42007647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable Cities: Advanced Technological Development Trends","authors":"Yifu Wang","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I2.1462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I2.1462","url":null,"abstract":"According to the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), the population distribution by city size is categorized as follows: 1 to 5 million - medium-sized cities; 5 to 10 million - large cities; and 10 million or more - mega cities. The Market Intelligence & Consulting Institute (MIC) estimates that the populations of Taiwan's bigger cities in 2025 will be as follows: 4.1 million in New Taipei City; 2.8 million in Taichung City; 2.6 million in Kaohsiung City; 2.5 million in Taipei City; 2.3 million in Taoyuan City; and 1.8 million in Tainan City. All of them are classified as medium-sized cities, based on the UN definition. The Taipei-Keelung metropolitan area can be considered as a mega city from the perspective of regional planning.\"Urbanization\" has become an inevitable trend in the development of today's space. However, it has brought about many problems, such as inadequate infrastructure that is unable to meet demands; various types of pollution (air, water, soil, noise, etc.) resulting from the intensive development; waste dumping, resource wasting and scarcity, and other phenomena such as social inequality. The concept of the \"sustainable city\" was developed to prevent the worsening of the existing problems and the formation of new ones. \"Sustainable development\" refers to a method of development that meets the needs of the people in the contemporary era without compromising the needs of future generations. A \"sustainable city\" is defined as improving the quality of life in a city, including environmental, economic, political, and social components, without increasing the burden on future generations. With this in mind, this study defines the technological scope of present-day sustainable cities as grounded in information communication technology to build livable and convenient cities, in the areas of energy, resources, transportation, disaster prevention, healthcare, education, social equality, and other fields.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"33-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43410245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hana Han, A. Reichmuth, Aline F. Renz, Flurin Stauffer, M. Thielen, J. Vörös
{"title":"Trends in Epidermal Stretchable Electronics for Noninvasive Long-term Healthcare Applications","authors":"Hana Han, A. Reichmuth, Aline F. Renz, Flurin Stauffer, M. Thielen, J. Vörös","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V7I2.1336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V7I2.1336","url":null,"abstract":"Stretchable electronic devices hold the potential to revolutionize noninvasive healthcare diagnostics and treatments. Current clinical healthcare technologies are of limited use in ambulatory, long-term settings. A new class of epidermal electronics is designed to conform closely to and with the irregular shape of the human body is emerging, providing an improved functional interface even during motion, while being imperceptible to the user. This review discusses challenges associated with long-term interactions between electronic devices and the skin without interfering with its regulatory and protective function. We report on the current state of the art of monitoring devices for the detection of temperature, motion, biopotentials or biomarkers alongside therapeutic approaches for thermal treatment or drug delivery. In particular, focus is brought on the long-term application of such devices with the associated challenges in terms of materials, wearability, communication and energy supply. With a number of obstacles left to tackle, epidermal stretchable electronics represents a powerful tool in the rising field of personalized medicine.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"37-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}