2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)最新文献

{"title":"Electro-Optical Analysis and Numerical Modeling of Cu2O as the Absorber Layer in Advanced Solar Cells","authors":"C. Dumitru, L. Fara, Ørnulf Nordseth, I. Chilibon, Raj Kumar, B. Svensson, Florin Drăgan, Vlad Muscurel, D. Craciunescu, P. Sterian","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8524000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8524000","url":null,"abstract":"Solar cells in tandem with metal-oxide heterojunctions are interesting from a development standpoint for the next step beyond silicon performance limitations in high-efficiency solar cells. High optical absorptance makes copper oxide a prospective absorber layer. This work is constituted as an overview on the original work of the authors, based on experimental analysis of the copper oxide absorber layer and numerical modeling of its electro-optical characteristics. Copper oxide films were synthesized by RF/DC magnetron sputtering on quartz substrates. The electro-optical and structural characteristics of the layer incorporating metal oxides have been investigated using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), SFM (Scanning Force Microscopy), Hall effect measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and spectrofluorometry. The SEM analysis shows an increase of the grain size in the sample treated with rapid thermal annealing at 900 °C. SFM analysis shows that thermal annealing increases the surface roughness by a factor of 10. FTIR spectra show cupric oxide peaks from oxidation of the copper oxide at the quartz. A Silvaco Atlas model was implemented in order to study the electrical parameters of a metal-oxide heterojunction with Cu2O and AZO, mainly studying the effect of a buffer layer in the heterojunction structure, as well as varying the layer thickness, the doping level and the defect density for several materials in the structure. The OPAL 2 simulation platform was deployed to model the optical parameters of the heterojunction structure, including the reflectance, transmittance and absorptance.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117251569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Study on the Modeling of the PV Output","authors":"F. Hocaoglu, Melih Kurekci, E. Akarslan, Fatih Serttaş","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523960","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate calculation of the power outputs of the modules under different solar radiation conditions is an important task to decide if it is feasible to construct a PV plant at the region or not. There are a lot of models that explore more accurate calculation using solar radiation values and the parameters of PV module. Unlike those models, a data based model is proposed in this paper. Before construction of the model, first an experimental setup is built and experiments are performed. During the experiments a pyranometer is positioned on the same angle with a PV module and both the solar radiations fall on the surface of the module and the power output of the module is measured and recorded. Secondly, the data is modeled using regression analysis. Consequently, the regression coefficients are calculated and the performance of the regression on modeling the PV output is examined. To measure the accuracy of the model, correlation of determination parameter and root mean square metric are calculated. It is argued that, it is possible to calculate the power output of the PV module in a good accuracy, in case PV output of the module is measured in a short period of time and the proposed approach is applied.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126857073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"D-STATCOM for a Distribution Network with Distributed PV Generation","authors":"W. Rohouma, R. Balog, A. Peerzada, M. Begovic","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523892","url":null,"abstract":"Power quality in an AC power distribution system is reduced by nonlinear loads which draw non-sinusoidal current. When this distorted current interacts with the line impedance of the distribution network (the grid), the system voltage becomes distorted which could adversely affect other electrical devices connected to the grid. In the traditional grid, this is compensated at the substation by the utility. Adding PV into the distribution system can complicate the situation when power flow reverses due to excess generation resulting in back-feeding into the grid. It has been proposed that the photovoltaic inverter should actively improve the power quality by compensating harmonic and reactive current. However, this adds complexity and cost to the inverter as well as reduces the inverter reliability. To maintain high power quality in the distribution system, it is necessary to develop a means to compensate for the reactive and harmonic currents locally. This paper investigates the use of a distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) for harmonic power compensation in a distribution network. The proposed topology is based on a matrix converter topology (MC) which is controlled using model predictive control (MPC) which enables inductive energy storage instead of requiring electrolytic capacitors that have well-known failure modes. Compensating the harmonic current in the distribution system improves the overall reliability of the grid. Simulation is performed using MATLAB/Simulink to investigate the performance and capability. It is envisioned that the device can be deployed and dispatched by the utility as needed in the distribution network to prevent upstream-propagation of the harmonic current, which could lead to transformer overheating and other deleterious effects.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131211550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible and Scalable Photovoltaic Curve Tracer","authors":"Rawdha S. Ameen, R. Balog","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523929","url":null,"abstract":"Current vs voltages (I-V) curves are needed to understand the electrical characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) materials. Whereas the researcher may be concerned with a temperature-compensated laboratory-grade setup for an individual cell, the practitioner may be interested in validating operation of a large PV plant. PV curve tracers exist on the commercial market for each of these market segments. However, for researchers working with small modules, the cell-level testers may not have adequate voltage and current range, or may not physical accommodate more than a single cell; units designed for large-scale PV plants may not have sufficient resolution or flexibility for low-power modules. Curve tracers for these two markets also tend to be specialized for the particular use-case and relatively expensive. The aim of this paper is to present a curve tracer that is based on off-the-shelf components but is flexible and scalable to accommodate a range of voltage and current levels, number of specimen, and connecting / disconnecting the specimen to other circuitry such as a DC/DC converter. As such, the system can be used for a few cells to large modules and can accommodate an arbitrary number of specimen, which is beneficial to perform comparative testing. It can also be used to validate the maximum power point tracking efficacy of a DC/DC power optimizer by disconnecting the converter, performing the I-V sweep, and then re-connecting to the converter. The system uses a Keithley 2461 Source Meter Unit (SMU) and one or more relay modules, all controlled by MATLAB. The SMU is responsible for generating the voltage sweep and measuring the resulting current. Using commercial equipment alleviates the user from having to custom design and built a curve-tracer. In addition, the SMU can be calibrated to ensure accurate and reliable data. If multiple specimen are to be tested, multiple relay modules can be added to enable multiplexing of many PV specimen to the SMU. Custom software running in MATLAB configures the relays; setups, triggers, and downloads data from the source meter; and saves the data and creates the plots.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128226748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/pvcon.2018.8523869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvcon.2018.8523869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127390940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Characterization of Cu2SnS3 Absorber Layers for Photovoltaic Solar Cell Applications","authors":"E. Ketenci, F. Atay, O. Büyükgüngör","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523889","url":null,"abstract":"Next-generation thin film solar cell technologies require the use of abundant photovoltaic absorber materials in nature. Various materials such as CuInGaS (CIGS), CIGSSe CdTe, and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) have been explored and used for solar cell technology. Nevertheless, the complex crystal structure and the elemental toxicity restrict them for photovoltaic applications. Studies in recent years have begun to reduce costs and complexity in the structure of new ternary semiconductors [1]. Among them, Cu2SnS3 (CTS) is an earth abundant, non-toxic material with direct band gap energies of 0.93-1.77 eV. Suitable electrical and optical properties they exhibit, promise their use as absorbent layer for photovoltaic applications [2]. Unfortunately, the material still needs to improve for high efficiency [3]. Depending on the deposition technique, several secondary phases may appear and affecting the formation reactions during the sulfurization process of the film [4]. Insufficient conversion of binary sulfides during thermal process may lead to the formation of unwanted compounds which affect the crystallization of CTS. In this work, Cu-Sn precursor metals deposited on glass substrates by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technique. In the second stage, the production of CTS films was completed by applying a sulfurization process in a furnace at different sulfurization temperatures. Many physical features have been examined such as optical, structural, surface and electrical properties of the films and were investigated in detailed with the help of xray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and four-point probe techniques.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126590760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of a Photovoltaic Power Plant for Possible Heat Island Effect","authors":"Emre M. Demirezen, T. Ozden, B. Akinoglu","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523937","url":null,"abstract":"Today, solar energy conversion technologies take a significant place within the efforts of obtaining renewable and sustainable energy around the world, and show a rapid progress. One of the most common technologies is photovoltaic power plants (PVPP) which are built using PV modules that provide electricity directly from sunlight. These plants are qualified as one of the pioneering applications among clean energy production methods. However, as the modules cover large areas and as they are produced by mostly dark-colored solar cells, an environmental debate has already been opened via some recent studies in the literature: Do they alter the solar reflectivity (albedo) of the region's surface where they are installed, and in turn affect the typical microclimate characteristics of that region such as the local air temperatures, humidity, pressure and wind speed? Considering also the additional heat that the modules radiate while producing electricity, the main probable result should be expected as Heat Island Effect (HIE). HIE has been particularly discussed for about last 10 years. Basically, this effect defines the day-night and inter-seasonal variations of local temperatures due to artificial changes on the natural land surface. Accordingly, when an urbanized area is compared with the neighboring rural areas, the difference is specifically named as Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. In the present work, we are conducting a field research with in-situ measurements taken by the two weather monitoring stations inside and outside a PVPP in the district Tavsanlı (Kutahya, Turkey). We also provide the meteorological data of Tavsanlı station from Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), which is the nearest weather monitoring station to the PVPP under inspection. These stations have been collecting the data of air temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed and atmospheric pressure every 10 minutes since October 2017. We used two statistical methods to compare and interpret the first 8-month data of all the three stations. We considered the statistical significance tests for both the first 8 months as a whole and dividing it into two 4 months before and after the PVPP becomes operational. We found that the measurements of the three stations differ significantly for most of the weather parameters. We also carried out pairwise tests and showed that each pair has significant differences for most parameters.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122193511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Phosphorus Diffused Emitters on Black Silicon Surfaces","authors":"Deniz Turkay, S. Yerci","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523912","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present an analysis on electrical performance of phosphorus diffused emitters on black silicon surfaces through two-dimensional simulations. In particular, we focus on the extraction and analysis of the emitter saturation current density $(boldsymbol{J}_{0mathbf{e}})$, the sheet resistance $(boldsymbol{R}_{mathbf{sh}})$, spatial collection efficiency profile and relatedly $boldsymbol{J}_{mathbf{sc}}$ of a solar cell. Using process simulations, we form emitters on periodic triangular structures with various aspect ratios $(boldsymbol{R})$ and emitter profiles. We show that for high aspect ratio and highly-doped structures, the trend of increasing $boldsymbol{J}_{0mathbf{e}}$ with junction depth, observed for planar structures, is reversed. While $boldsymbol{R}_{mathbf{sh}}$ increase with aspect ratio for shallow emitters, it is weakly dependent on aspect ratio for deep emitters, irrespective of the peak dopant concentration. For highly-doped emitters, the losses in $boldsymbol{J}_{mathbf{sc}}$ can be excessive if the junction depth is larger than the texture size. These losses are negligible for lightly-doped emitters regardless of aspect ratio and junction depth. The trends presented in this study for high aspect ratio emitters in comparison with one-dimensional emitters are expected to provide guidance in the identification of non-idealities that are observed in emitters formed on black silicon surfaces, such as additional surface and bulk defects.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115290771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily and Monthly Module Temperature Variation for 9 Different Modules","authors":"Talat Özden, Doga Tolgay, B. Akinoglu","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523878","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main parameter affecting the efficiency of PV modules is the module temperature. In this respect, outdoor testing of modules is very important to determine the temperature dependent performances and degradation rates. In this work, we analyzed the module temperatures of 9 different modules tested in the outdoor testing facility of METU-GUNAM, Ankara (latitude ∼40°N, in Central Anatolia and the climate is dry continental). The tested module types are two CIS (identical), one $mu mathrm{c}-text{Si}$/a-Si, one Poly-Si, three Mono-Si (two identical), one HIT and one bifacial. The module temperatures can reach up to 76°C while the ambient is around 39 °C during summer days. Monthly average module temperatures can reach up to 33.7°C (CIS) while the monthly average ambient is at 26.0°C and drops down to 1 °C while average ambient temperature is about the same as average module temperature. The results showed that the monthly averages of module temperatures differences are maximum during summer (∼3.5°C) and minimum during winter (1.1°C). It is interesting that the two CIS modules have the highest monthly average module temperature and although they are supposed to be identical their temperatures differ significantly. Bifacial and HIT module temperatures are lower than the Mono-Si modules. One of the two identical Mono-Si modules was not cleaned and its module temperature is always lower than the one that was cleaned periodically, as expected. In this work, we also present the results and discussions on the spatial variations of measured module temperatures of PV panels.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130419622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Term Solar Power Generation Forecasting: A Novel Approach","authors":"Fatih Serttaş, F. Hocaoglu, E. Akarslan","doi":"10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVCON.2018.8523919","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaics' (PV's) are widely preferred in electricity generation market in recent years. However many parameters effect solar power generation such as irradiance, temperature, humidity etc. Therefore, solar power generation forecasting is quite significant to plan and manage energy distribution. In this study, a novel methodology called Mycielski-Markov is utilized to forecast solar power generation for short term period. This novel hybrid method is developed based on two different techniques; Mycielski signal processing technique and probabilistic Markov chain. Mycielski investigates the data history and finds the recurrence of the solar radiation data. It predicts the next data due to the recurrence in a deterministic way. On the other hand, Markov produces the transition probabilities of the solar energy states and forecast new state according to these probabilities. It is obtained that, the methods in proposed hybrid hierarchy; provide a good forecasting accuracy with a 0.87 correlation of determination value.","PeriodicalId":380858,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon)","volume":"134 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131003426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}