Reflections on Bioethics最新文献

Bioethics in Critical Care Patients 危重病人的生命伦理学

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75565

M. A. García, M. Arenas, A. M. Cornejo

{"title":"Bioethics in Critical Care Patients","authors":"M. A. García, M. Arenas, A. M. Cornejo","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75565","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive care unit is a special medial environment for many reasons (the severity of the patients, the important technological advances). In recent years, the medicine has changed to a more focused practice on the patient, leaving behind the paternalistic medical approach, with a transparent new relationship with the patient and his family. The ethical principles-autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice-and the possibility of con- flicts between them make decision-making very complex. The admission of these patients in our unit is justified based on a triangle-acute, severe, and recoverable disease-trying to optimize their treatment. Unfavorable later evolution is possible; a palliative management can often be considered, changing the patient ’ s approach from the cure of his illness to the relief of his symptoms. Decisions about patient ’ s future must be jointly made by the health care team, the patient and his family. We must look for documents about previous instruc- tions and/or opinion of a substitute decision-maker. We must humanize our units, think-ing about the best care for the sick person and his family, and improve the support to the family after his death. Therefore, the development of practice guidelines on palliative care should be promoted by the hospitals.","PeriodicalId":380575,"journal":{"name":"Reflections on Bioethics","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115656057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Russian School of Bioethics: History and the Present† 俄罗斯生命伦理学院:历史与现在

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74526

Nezhmetdinova Farida Tansykovna, Guryleva Marina Yuryevna

引用次数: 2

Alternatives to Animal Experimentation: Its Institutional Teaching and Scientific 动物实验的替代方案:其制度教学和科学

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74941

L. Anguiano-Robledo, C. Calzada-Mendoza, Cornelio Barrientos-Alvarado, M. E. Hernández-Campos

{"title":"Alternatives to Animal Experimentation: Its Institutional Teaching and Scientific","authors":"L. Anguiano-Robledo, C. Calzada-Mendoza, Cornelio Barrientos-Alvarado, M. E. Hernández-Campos","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74941","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is desirable to replace scientific procedures with live animals by other methods that do not use them, the use of animals in scientific procedures should be restricted to those areas that benefit human, animal, and environmental health. The use of animals as experimental models of observation of biological phenomena has evolved with man, to this day. The use of animals for scientific or educational purposes should be considered only when there is no other alternative and it is governed by the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement. The scientists should be sure that the information obtainable with the experiments is not yet available or that the protocol was designed taking into account animal protection considerations. The chosen methods must use the least number of animals; provide satisfactory results; use the species with the least ability to experience pain, suffering, anguish, and damage; and be optimal for the extrapolation of results to the target species such as humans. It will be fundamental to guarantee on a scientific and ethical basis that the use of an animal is subject to a careful evaluation regarding the scientific or educational validity.","PeriodicalId":380575,"journal":{"name":"Reflections on Bioethics","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134418653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marching for 3D Printing: Its Potential to Promoting Access to Healthcare in Africa 进军3D打印:促进非洲获得医疗保健的潜力

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75649

S. Abegaz

{"title":"Marching for 3D Printing: Its Potential to Promoting Access to Healthcare in Africa","authors":"S. Abegaz","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75649","url":null,"abstract":"Technology has the capacity for helping African citizens realize their basic rights. The recent introduction of the disruptive technology—3D printing—has the potential to impact millions of lives through a variety of revolutionary medical solutions, including surgery and the treatment of intractable health conditions. As the technology progresses, so does the practical enjoyment of health rights. This chapter argues that the human rights-based approach to 3D printing technology can be helpful in focusing discussions and actions on health well-being and security for individuals in Africa. Having first ana - lyzed the impact of the technology in revolutionizing healthcare, the chapter provides an overview of the complex health challenges this young continent is faced with. Further, it also explores the most relevant African regional laws and standards, guidelines and policy initiatives requiring African governments to use technologies that can advance the human right to health. It concludes that the healthcare agenda of African countries needs to be better integrated and coordinated to ensure that the technologies have a posi - tive impact on health rights. It further concludes that the African Union Commission should promote the researching and utilization of this technology in the implementation of national health policies and strategies of African countries. in Sub-Saharan have very limited or no access to healthcare basic health. The that gives an overview of some of the challenges of healthcare service in the region.","PeriodicalId":380575,"journal":{"name":"Reflections on Bioethics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117214219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Bioethics and Palliative Care in Primary Health Care 初级卫生保健中的生物伦理和姑息治疗

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76864

Juliana Dias Reis Pessalacia, Sandra Pinto, J. Munis, Jacqueline Resende Boaventura, A. M. Ferreira

引用次数: 0

The Ethical Duty of Physicians to Strengthen Their Own Immunization and Childhood Vaccination 医生加强自身免疫和儿童疫苗接种的伦理责任

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75716

B. S. Junior, V. Beltrame, F. Hellmann

{"title":"The Ethical Duty of Physicians to Strengthen Their Own Immunization and Childhood Vaccination","authors":"B. S. Junior, V. Beltrame, F. Hellmann","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75716","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines are one of the most significant discoveries of humanity and are responsible for saving millions of lives around the world. However, their unquestionable successes are criticized and lead to the refusal of parents to vaccinate their children, which causes severe public health problems. There is an ethical duty to adopt various protective measures for the child population, and doctors are considered as decisive actors to help overcome this war. The vaccination rates among doctors and children are very meager, generating a lot of discussion about the implementation of compulsory vaccination for both groups. Thus, medical ethics and bioethics point out some ways for medical professionals to recognize the imperative need for self-vaccination and their patients’ sensitization to vaccination, supporting the persuasion of their colleagues and patients. Moreover, the ethical/bioethi-cal principles of the physician’s highest duty to protect the society are anchored in benefi- cence, not maleficence and justice, and they surpass the autonomy right to vaccine refusal. Also, it is expected that the development and dissemination of altruistic ethical values by the physicians can give significant support in the conquest of the “common good.”","PeriodicalId":380575,"journal":{"name":"Reflections on Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128999923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bioethics in Education 教育中的生命伦理

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74519

Ángel Morales-González, Judith Margarita Tirado-Lule, Alejandro González-Cisneros, Edgar Omar López-de-León, Alberto Sanchez-Morales, Héctor M. Manzanilla-Granados

引用次数: 15

Ethical Considerations in Research and Medical Care of Menopause 更年期研究与医疗中的伦理思考

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74666

C. Mendoza, L. Robledo, G. Martínez, Carlos Alberto Jiménez Zamarripa, M. E. Caballero

{"title":"Ethical Considerations in Research and Medical Care of Menopause","authors":"C. Mendoza, L. Robledo, G. Martínez, Carlos Alberto Jiménez Zamarripa, M. E. Caballero","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74666","url":null,"abstract":"Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, and among the main symptoms reported have been night sweats, heat waves, increased body fat at the central level, dyslipidemia, hypertension, osteoporosis, insulin resistance, diabetes, mild cognitive impairment, depression, periodontitis, varicose veins, apnea, urinary genital discomfort, as well as dryness in the mouth and eye. The diagnosis, study, and care of menopausal or postmenopausal women have had great advances, such as recognizing the sub-inclusion of women and female animal models in basic and clinical studies and proposing in the same design of the study the analysis by sex. Subsequently, the need for specialized ethical training was identified, beginning in undergraduate, postgraduate, and clinical prac - tice. To achieve this, several actions were carried out, such as the foundation of Women’s Health Institutes, the implementation of the Institutional and Private Committees of Ethic, and the development of validated instruments to evaluate signs and symptoms. Currently, there is no consensus that meets the ethical for care and research in these patients. Efforts have been made practically by pathology, without consider ing together the social and psychobiological condition. What is intended in this docu- ment is to present the ethical aspects related to the study and medical care of women in menopause.","PeriodicalId":380575,"journal":{"name":"Reflections on Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133363004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioethics in the Use of Experimental Animals 实验动物使用中的生物伦理学

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-02-28 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74520

T. Aguilar, Elizabeth GuarnerosBañuelos

引用次数: 0

An Exploration of Religiously Based Opposition to Clinical and Scientific Interference with the Embryo 以宗教为基础反对临床和科学干预胚胎的探索

Reflections on Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-02-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74549

David Gareth Jones

{"title":"An Exploration of Religiously Based Opposition to Clinical and Scientific Interference with the Embryo","authors":"David Gareth Jones","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74549","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) into clinical practice highlighted to ethicists and theologians, ways in which scientists and clinicians are interfering with the development of human embryos in the laboratory. This is because an increasing amount of research is being directed onto embryos, frequently involving their destruction. These procedures range from IVF and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to gene editing. Some religious groups are implacably opposed to all such developments on the ground that the human embryo is to be protected from the ‘ moment of conception ’ . Widespread opposition to abortion and fetal destruction has been translated into opposition to the destruction of embryos. By viewing embryos as having a value commensurate with that of postnatal moral persons, opposition to all recent biomedical developments becomes inev- itable. The rationale for this stance in the writings of certain Roman Catholic and Protestant scholars is outlined, as are implications for theology ’ s relationship with science, the church community and the public square. Does this mean that these groups are unable to contribute to ethical debate in each of these areas? The reasoning behind embryo protection stances will be critiqued, and the importance of finding common ground by examin- ing core values and accepting the centrality of dialog will be stressed.","PeriodicalId":380575,"journal":{"name":"Reflections on Bioethics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128829978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1