{"title":"The Place of Erythroidines in the History of Neuromuscular Blockers","authors":"Alistair G. McKenzie","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Between 1938 and 1951 erythroidine derivatives were seriously considered as alternatives to curare<span> for the provision of muscle relaxation. This has been overlooked in the published history of anaesthesia. The first publication on the paralysing effect of an extract of Erythrina americana was in 1877, but this was in a Mexican journal, which was not widely read. Sixty years later erythroidine was isolated, and in 1938 it was first used clinically to treat spastic dystonia, preceding the use of Intocostrin for this purpose. By 1943 dihydro-β-erythroidine was prepared in crystalline form, which was equipotent with curarine and of acceptable duration; it was used in clinical anaesthesia in 1946. In the 1940s curare was presented in solutions with potency stated in units, determined by bioassay, which was a disadvantage compared with the straightforward mg of dihydro-β-erythroidine. However, by the early 1950s, improvement in the pharmaceutical presentation of d-tubocurarine and new neuromuscular blockers, displaced the erythroidines.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 22-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2018.10.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37099356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"Selma Harrison Calmes","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 25-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2018.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46923392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phineas T. Barnum, Gardner Q. Colton, and Painless Parker Were Kindred Princes of Humbug","authors":"Qing H. Yang , Theodore A. Alston","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Phineas T. Barnum (1810-1891) and Gardner Q. Colton (1814-1898) both entered the laughing gas show business in Manhattan in 1844. With Horace Wells (1815-1848), Colton introduced inhaled nitrous oxide for </span>dental anesthesia in December 1844. The Barnumesque nature of laughing gas exhibitions may have contributed to the initially negative reception of nitrous anesthesia as humbug. Colton continued laughing gas shows after 1844, and he performed in a Barnum forum in Boston in 1862. In 1863, Barnum encouraged Colton to establish a flourishing painless </span>dentistry practice in Manhattan.</p><p>Barnum designated himself to be the Prince of Humbug. He embraced humbug for entertainment purposes but decried medical humbug. Notwithstanding, Barnum explicitly evinced awareness of the power of the placebo response. Accordingly, the proneness of individuals to deem impersonal all-purpose assessments to be personally applicable is dubbed the Barnum effect. Barnum was indirectly connected to Painless Parker (1872-1952), a dentist who exploited sensational advertising and humbug and ran a circus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2018.08.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37099355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anesthetists and Intensivists Who Defied the Cold War","authors":"Alistair G. McKenzie","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The term “Iron Curtain” described the barrier between communist East Europe and the capitalist West from 1945. Next the term “cold war” was introduced for the confrontation between these two sides without open warfare, because of the deterrent of atomic weapons. Restriction in collaboration between those on either side extended to the medical profession, including anesthesia, resuscitation and intensive care. Archives and publications from both sides of the Iron Curtain were perused to reveal the important role of those who defied the Cold War to maintain collaboration between anesthesiologists. From 1956 the British doyen of anesthesia, Sir Robert Macintosh began liaison with personnel in the USSR, which led to reciprocal visits. In this liaison a notable Russian anesthesiologist was Igor Zhorov. Then the WHO Copenhagen </span>Anaesthesiology Centre had an impact. Later liaison from the USA came via Emanuel Papper, followed by Peter Safar. Other notable participants included Vladimir Negovsky from the USSR as well as Hugo Keszler and Jiri Pokorny from Czechoslovakia. These efforts in collaboration helped improvement of standards on both sides of the Iron Curtain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 205-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2018.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36780492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unemployed American Veterans and the Booklet Laughing Gas: Raising Funds and Raising Spirits in the 1920s","authors":"Daniel J. Diaczok DO , George S. Bause MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2017.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2017.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 235-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2017.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36780495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Dental to Mental Institutions: A Quadruple Threat of Nitrous-Oxide Administration Before and During Mental Asylum Admission","authors":"Matthew L. Edwards , George S. Bause","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the 19<sup>th</sup><span> century, patients undergoing anesthesia for surgical and dental procedures<span> were at risk of being given hypoxic or dilute nitrous oxide on four separate occasions. Primary and secondary saturation during surgery could account for two administrations of 100% nitrous-oxide anesthesia, while both diagnostic and therapeutic doses of dilute nitrous oxide were frequently administered in mental asylums.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 237-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2018.07.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36780499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia, a Long-Standing Enterprise","authors":"Laura J. Gounon","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"4 4","pages":"Page 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45545074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Anesthetic History of Delirium and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction","authors":"Ahmed Gilani","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"4 4","pages":"Page 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42747490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seishu Hanaoka, a Notable Name in Anaesthesia in Japan","authors":"Hirosato Kikuchi , Kentaro Dote , Hiroshi Makino","doi":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia History","volume":"4 4","pages":"Page 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.janh.2018.11.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}