{"title":"PRODUCTIVE PLAY: BEYOND BINARIES","authors":"B. Nardi, C. Pearce, J. Ellis","doi":"10.1080/17493460902898786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460902898786","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article we review and analyze rotions of productive play, reporting the results of a workshop held at the University of California, Irvine in May 2008.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133778115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE GRAND DIVERSION: PLAY, WORK AND VIRTUAL WORLDS","authors":"Melissa Cefkin, S. Stucky, Wendy S. Ark","doi":"10.1080/17493460902937469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460902937469","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprises, including corporations, use virtual worlds for such purposes as marketing, training, and recruitment and, increasingly, meetings. As researchers whose primary focus has been on the nature of “work” and the sites and institutions that mediate contemporary experiences of work, the authors reflect on the implications of play as a constitutive feature of virtual worlds through consideration of institutional uses of virtual worlds. Evidence for the claim that play has emerged as the paradigmatic metaphor for interpreting and designing virtual worlds is presented. A case from the authors’ company’s application of virtual worlds to work and learning environments is unpacked to explore how notions of play and game drove particular ways of proceeding and not others and the implications of this thinking for the resulting solution. Questions are raised concerning what such a rethinking may entail and the opportunities it may hold for opening up new opportunities and understandings of virtual worlds.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121576372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A PRACTITIONER'S VIEW OF HUMANCOMPUTER INTERACTION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE","authors":"Sabine Geldof, J. Vandermeulen","doi":"10.1080/17493460701800181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460701800181","url":null,"abstract":"Namahn, a Belgian User Centered Design consultancy, describes the approach it took in radically renewing its methods and techniques to tackle interaction design for critical systems. At the heart of its effort, lies the tension between research and practice and the challenge of transforming research findings into a market-worthy methodology. Namahn chose an inherently distributed approach, grounded in the company’s experience, using the appropriate communication tools. The article describes a two-year project for the regional government’s research and innovation program. During the first phase of the project, Namahn discovered a number of important new concepts and methodological hypotheses. These concepts, which grew out of a review of the research literature on models, theories, and frameworks in Human-Computer Interaction, are becoming part of Namahn’s extended vocabulary, aimed at enhancing the company’s internal communication about the design process. The initial methodological hypotheses on risk assessment and design rationale form the basis of its new methodology, which will be constructed in a bottom-up fashion based on case studies in the project’s second phase. Namahn presents concerns and opens issues that arose during the project, which it is exploring as a way to go forward in integrating research findings into the practice of user-centered design (UCD).","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132939478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THEORY MEETS PRACTICE IN THE DESIGN OF E-SUPPORT FOR JUNIOR REGISTRAR DOCTORS","authors":"A. Kanstrup, N. Boye","doi":"10.1080/17493460701800231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460701800231","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a model that operates between theory and practice through the design of a mobile application for learning support, which was developed for junior registrar doctors on a medical ward. The nature of junior doctors’ clinical education is learning while producing. While they have a large pool of theoretical knowledge, they must make that knowledge operational for diagnostic and therapeutic considerations and procedures. In order to aid this development, the authors consider models for understanding the process of operating between the work of medicine and medical knowledge. Their design problem led them to a plan in which they identified and synthesized the links between abstract theoretical models and day-to-day practice in medicine, within the constraints of hardware and software in a mobile application, which was designed to support junior registrar doctors in their clinical training. In doing so, a shared language of the design domain within a team of physicians and interaction designers emerged. The paper describes a process where there is no 1:1 relationship between theory and practice and, consequently, suggests the need to understanding the domains of medicine and design in this light.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133589001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LEARNING TO LOVE SOFTWARE: A BRIDGE BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE","authors":"Ellen Lupton","doi":"10.1080/17493460701819488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460701819488","url":null,"abstract":"Students love learning software, while faculty often avoid teaching it. This essay argues that a key way to reengage both students and faculty is to approach software as an analytical tool, a means of not only describing and generating meaningful form, but also synthesizing the practical goal of production with the theoretical goal of conceptual development. Software can thus be a bridge between theory and practice. Theory is by definition general: it is a description or model capable of sustaining its relevance across countless unique situations. Practice, on the other hand, is lived, grounded, and specific: it is the ongoing application of ideas to circumstances, a process that in turn reforms our models, warping and transforming our theories. Like theory, software is general, while practice is specific. Software exists prior to any practical use of it, and yet it is designed to anticipate those uses. Tools such as Photoshop, InDesign, and AfterEffects have cast a net around our field of practice, filtering our daily production of typography, symbols, images, and information systems. No theory or pedagogical practice yet exists to address the role these commercially developed and distributed digital technologies play in shaping and describing design’s visual language.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125475199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Design Science in Human–Computer Interaction: A Practical Concern?","authors":"S. Haynes, John Millar Carroll","doi":"10.1080/17493460701872016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460701872016","url":null,"abstract":"Design research, without empirical evaluation, is often looked upon as a poor relation to more obviously experimental work. A common reason to reject design studies submitted for publication concerns their failure to provide an empirical evaluation of the use and effects of an artifact in the laboratory or in more realistic field settings. The authors argue that this scepticism towards pure theoretical design research without empirical results not only hinders scientific progress and scientific efficiency in human–computer interaction research, but also discounts the value of designs conceived and realized in practice. Pure theoretical design research has value because envisioning and implementing a design is a form of theorizing, theory integration, theory refinement, and analytic evaluation. The artifact, in essence, embodies a theory, with analytical value independent of its empirical evaluation. The activities of analysis, design, and construction are common in both academe and in design practice, and represent an underexploited resource for systems design science. In part this limitation might stem from the lack of epistemological grounding for design as a knowledge generating activity, and in part from the lack of a distinct methodological perspective from which to assess theoretical design science. The authors ground their perspective with reference to the philosophy of science and through analysis of a design research exemplar, and suggest a set of criteria for evaluating research products in theoretical design science.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE TENUOUS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DESIGN AND INNOVATION","authors":"Jon Kolko","doi":"10.1080/17493460701812129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460701812129","url":null,"abstract":"The words design and innovation are increasingly used interchangeably to describe a method for conceiving of artifacts, services, and systems. While those terms, and their related tools and techniques, have a strong relationship to one another, they are not synonymous. This paper not only considers the problem with merging design and innovation, it also presents the case for an acknowledgement of the unique nature of Design and Design thinking, larger than and inclusive of the professional manifestation of design in a business context.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"164 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127529203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DESIGN HISTORY OF THE WWW.: WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENRE AND STYLE THEORY","authors":"Ida Engholm","doi":"10.1080/17493460802127757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460802127757","url":null,"abstract":"Since the emergence of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s, the internet has become one of the most important tools for information, entertainment, trade, and social contacts. From a primitive, text-based medium, the web has become a highly advanced and complex mass-multi-medium representing multiple forms of design. Despite the web’s importance as a design medium, the development of website design has only been sporadically described. As yet, we have no historical, chronological descriptions of web design history similar to what we find, for example, in the study of art or “analogue” design history. The article demonstrates how website development can be analysed from a genealogical point of view. It does so by pointing out a number of genre and style formations and discussing their ideological and cultural sources. It is argued that the main engine for web development is the demand for renewal and differentiation from producers and users, which leads to various technical, functional, and symbolic distinction strategies for website design.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130547970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meredith Davis, Matthew Peterson, Kelly J. Cunningham, Steven Harjula
{"title":"MAKING SENSE OF DESIGN RESEARCH: THE SEARCH FOR A DATABASE","authors":"Meredith Davis, Matthew Peterson, Kelly J. Cunningham, Steven Harjula","doi":"10.1080/17493460701800272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460701800272","url":null,"abstract":"If you are a design researcher or graduate student who enters the keyword “branding” into the typical university library catalogue search engine, you will be as likely to yield books on cattle as on corporate identity. Or if you are a practitioner and want to locate one of the doctoral dissertations on design, completed in a handful of research-oriented PhD programs around the world, you will need a pretty good idea of the title or researcher’s name to find it. And if you are design faculty and find it necessary to access work in non-design disciplines that might be relevant to your scholarship, you will be on your own to winnow the titles from hundreds of books within a Library of Congress topical category to find something truly useful to design. In other words, there are no current databases on design research and few design-sensitive keywords that drive other disciplinary search engines. This work proposes a solution to that dilemma.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124382794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do and Think and Play and Show and Tell: Artefacts All the Time","authors":"M. Rettig","doi":"10.1080/17493460701819462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460701819462","url":null,"abstract":"This is a practitioner’s response to Show and tell: Accessing and communicating implicit knowledge through artefacts, a paper by Yoko Akama and her colleagues appearing in this same issue of Artifact. Their findings suggest that people assign their own meanings to physical artefacts. In the author’s experience, this insight proves useful in industry work. In this paper, that usefulness is illustrated by six stories from projects, describing how the author and his colleagues and have observed and often encouraged this behaviour using indigenous, introduced, and constructed artefacts. Additionally, two theoretical areas are briefly discussed that underpin the methods referenced in the stories. The first theoretical underpinning concerns a distinction drawn from anthropology between the etic or observer’s understanding of an object, and the emic or indigenous person’s understanding. The second is a brief discussion of our somewhat different perspectives concerning a language of artefacts. While Yoko Akama, Roslyn Cooper, Laurene Vaughan, Stephen Viller, Matthew Simpson, and Jeremy Yuille argue that artefacts present their own embedded language, the author suggests a practical understanding of language behaviour that accepts non-verbal, non-textual elements into the lexicon.","PeriodicalId":380141,"journal":{"name":"Artifact: Journal of Virtual Design","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116700183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}