Czech Polar Reports最新文献_第4页

Moss inhabiting diatoms of Galindez Island, Argentine Islands (the maritime Antarctica) exhibit low diversity and pronounced differentiation 生活在阿根廷群岛加林德斯岛（南极洲的海洋）的苔藓硅藻表现出低多样性和明显的分化

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2022-1-5

B. Chattová, A. Zotov, I. Parnikoza

引用次数: 0

Responses of primary photosynthetic processes to repetitive rehydration differ in two representatives of Svalbard moss flora 在斯瓦尔巴群岛苔藓植物区系的两个代表中，初级光合过程对重复再水化的反应不同

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2022-1-8

A. Orekhova, J. Hájek

{"title":"Responses of primary photosynthetic processes to repetitive rehydration differ in two representatives of Svalbard moss flora","authors":"A. Orekhova, J. Hájek","doi":"10.5817/cpr2022-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2022-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming in polar regions brings a risk of more frequent and long-lasting dry periods due to warmer and windier climate during polar summers. Mosses are well adapted to desiccation-rehydration events and they have evolved remarkable constitutive and inducible mechanisms of desiccation tolerance. In our study, Sanionia uncinata and Racomitrium lanuginosum were collected in Svalbard and used for laboratory-based repetitive 32-h-lasting rehydration cycles with continuous monitoring of restoration of their primary photosynthetic processes measured by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Immediately after the addition of water to dry thalli, potential quantum yield of PSII (FV/FM) was about 50% of its maximum reached after 32 h of rehydration. In a course of time of rehydration, both species showed an increase in FV/FM and effective quantum yield (FPSII) following a S-curve relationship. Non-photochemical quenching did not show clear trend with the rehydration time, It differed between the two species and showed both decrease and increase with the time of rehydration. Relative chlorophyll fluorescence decrease (RFd), which is considered a vitality indicator, increase with the time of rehydration showing similar trends in the first and the third cycle of rehydration. The results indicate that both Sanionia uncinata and Racomitrium lanuginosum are resistant to desiccation since FV/FM and FPSII recovered fully after 32 h of rehydration and there we only minor differences in the two parameters between the first and third rehydration cycle.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46292969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micromorphological structure of maritime antarctic cryosols (King-George and Livingston Islands, West Antarctica) 南极海洋冰溶胶的微观形态结构（乔治王和利文斯顿群岛，南极洲西部）

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-2-22

E. Abakumov, A. Lupachev, R. Yaneva, M. Zhiyanski

{"title":"Micromorphological structure of maritime antarctic cryosols (King-George and Livingston Islands, West Antarctica)","authors":"E. Abakumov, A. Lupachev, R. Yaneva, M. Zhiyanski","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-2-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-2-22","url":null,"abstract":"Cryosols of the Antarctic maritime area are much different from the continental ones. The relatively moderate climate conditions in Maritime Antarctica and a strong interaction between the biotic and abiotic environment are drivers for more intensive soil formation processes than in the continental regions. Soil formation studies from the Maritime Antarctica are, however, rather rare. Therefore, micromorphological investigations on polar soils can contribute to more comprehensive information on soil genesis in Antarctica. In this study, we applied the micromorphological study of thin sections from soil micromonoliths to assess the intensity and trends of the pedogenic processes in selected soils from two adjacent islands of the South-Shetland archipelago: King George Island and Livingston Island. The results obtained show that regional lithology and the origin of the incoming organic matter mainly determine the micromorphological structure of the local soils. Soil matrix micromorphological properties and features (mineralogical content, weathering stage and even partly grain-size distribution) are mainly defined by pyroclastic particles due to recent and ancient volcanic eruptions. The presence of rounded grains and aggregated mineral particles is the evidence of marine origin of the sediments. Ornithogenic soils show the clear evidence of the organic plasma formation and mineral particles aggregation via the zoogenic organic substances provided by penguins which is a unique specifics of the maritime Antarctic soils.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43644405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pseudomonas prosekii isolated in Antarctica inhibits plantpathogenic strains of Pseudomonas viridiflava and Pseudomonas fluorescens 在南极洲分离的假单胞菌抑制植物致病性绿黄假单胞菌和荧光假单胞菌

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-2-18

Kateřina Snopková, K. Dufková, D. Šmajs

引用次数: 0

Ecophysiological features of Larix sibirica in urban ecosystems of the Kola north in the railway influence zone 铁路影响区科拉北部城市生态系统中西伯利亚落叶松的生态生理特征

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-2-21

N. V. Saltan, E. Sviatkovskaya

{"title":"Ecophysiological features of Larix sibirica in urban ecosystems of the Kola north in the railway influence zone","authors":"N. V. Saltan, E. Sviatkovskaya","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-2-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-2-21","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, a study of the ecophysiological features of the introduced Larix sibirica (middle-aged plantations old 40-50 years) was carried out at a tree nursery and railway stations in four cities in the Kola Subarctic. Content of photosynthetic pigments (per fresh weight) ranged 1185 – 1894 μg·g-1 (chlorophyll a), 377 – 666 μg·g-1 (chlorophyll b), and 256 – 387 μg·g-1 (carotenoids). Exception was found for the specimens from Murmansk (significantly higher) and Olenegorsk (significantly lower values). High content of Fe was found in needles (1865 – 4278 mg·kg-1), however, it did not lead to any damage or abnormalities in the development of Larix sibirica. A close positive correlation was shown between the Fe and Mn contents (r = 0.91). Ni and Cu content in needles increased in all cities from 3 to 8 times in comparison with the background, Pb content increased only in the cities of Apatity and Olenegorsk (2–4 times). The amount of Cd and Zn was found within the optimal range. This study revealed the negative effects of the main pollutants (Ni, Cu, and Pb from the mining industry) on chlorophyll a (r = -0.81) and carotenoids (r = -0.70).","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45808233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of stabilization rate of high and low molecular organic matter in cryoconite holes from the Arctic, Antarctic and Caucasus mountain ecosystems by 13C–NMR spectroscopy 用13C-NMR评价北极、南极和高加索山地生态系统低温结晶岩孔中高、低分子有机质稳定化率

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-2-15

V. Polyakov, E. Abakumov, R. Tembotov, Bulat Mavludov

{"title":"Evaluation of stabilization rate of high and low molecular organic matter in cryoconite holes from the Arctic, Antarctic and Caucasus mountain ecosystems by 13C–NMR spectroscopy","authors":"V. Polyakov, E. Abakumov, R. Tembotov, Bulat Mavludov","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-2-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-2-15","url":null,"abstract":"Cryoconite holes are considered as a place of accumulation of organomineral matter, including black carbon. It is formed as a result of incomplete combustion of carboncontaining fragments of natural and anthropogenic origin. Such material is transported by the wind and participates in the formation of cryoconite on the ice surface. The accumulation of organic matter in cryoconite can significantly affect the climate of our planet. To assess the processes of resistance to biodegradation of organic matter in cryoconite, molecular methods of analysis were used. This work presents the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of composition of humic acids, formed in selected cryoconite holes of various geographical regions. To identify them, the 13C–NMR spectroscopy method was used, which makes it possible to reveal trends in the accumulation of specific structural fragments and the rate of stabilization of cryoconite organic matter. The analysis of the elemental composition revealed that the most condensed macromolecules of humic acids accumulate in cryoconite holes on Mount Elbrus. In the molecules of humic acids, the accumulation of aliphatic structural fragments up to 71-73% occurs to a greater extent, while the composition of the aliphatic fragments depended on local precursors of humification. In the Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems, humic acids with relatively homogeneous composition are formed. These ecosystems are characterized by the domination of moss-lichen communities, which are characterized by a predominance of lipids and carbohydrates in the chemical composition. Black carbon is an important part of the planetary carbon cycle. Under the conditions of active deglaciation, cryoconite material can enter the periglacial zone, and under the action of soil microorganisms, it can become an additional source of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42769683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecological and biological features of Triglochin maritima L. in the biotopes of the littoral zone with different degree of flooding on the coast of the White Sea 白海沿岸不同程度洪涝带生物群落中三角杉的生态生物学特征

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-2-16

A. V. Sonina, E. N. Terebova, T. Dyachkova, K. Morozova, Nadezhda A. Elkina

{"title":"Ecological and biological features of Triglochin maritima L. in the biotopes of the littoral zone with different degree of flooding on the coast of the White Sea","authors":"A. V. Sonina, E. N. Terebova, T. Dyachkova, K. Morozova, Nadezhda A. Elkina","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-2-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-2-16","url":null,"abstract":"The study of Triglochin maritima L. was carried out on the Pomor (western) coast of the White Sea, in the Republic of Karelia (64°22'81\"N, 35°93'14\"E). Morphological analysis of aboveground and underground parts of the clones was performed on virginal plants. Anatomical analysis of leaf sheaths of the current year shoots, rhizomes and adventitious roots was carried out. The viability of pollen was assessed by determining the relative share of normally developed and malformed pollen grains. The content of heavy metals was determined in the soil, sea water and plant samples. The study was carried out on a model transect in the littoral zone on three test plots representing the lower littoral; the middle and the upper littoral zones. Adaptation to wave and storm impact was manifested in a well-developed system of underground organs. In the lower littoral, underground part surpasses the aboveground vegetative organs in terms of the mass and the formation of mechanical tissues. This allows the plants to anchor stronger in the substrate. Pollen analysis confirmed the adaptability of T. maritima plants to the conditions of the lower littoral by a high percentage of normal and, consequently, fertile pollen, which ensures sexual reproduction of the species. T. maritima can be considered as a Fe hyperaccumulator as the plant accumulates very high levels of Fe (22–34 g kg-1), especially in the lower and middle littoral zones, both in underground and aboveground organs. The ability of T. maritima plants to actively deposit metals was revealed on the basis of the coefficient of biological absorption of metals and makes it possible to suggest potential possibility of using the species in phytoremediation technologies on coastal territories.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42930348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An exploratory study of short-term camping in Antarctica: Hormonal and mood states changes 在南极洲短期露营的探索性研究:荷尔蒙和情绪状态的变化

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-2-24

Y. A. Martins, M. Moraes, T. Mendes, C. B. Maluf, Roberto V P Ladeira, S. Wanner, D. Soares, R. Arantes

{"title":"An exploratory study of short-term camping in Antarctica: Hormonal and mood states changes","authors":"Y. A. Martins, M. Moraes, T. Mendes, C. B. Maluf, Roberto V P Ladeira, S. Wanner, D. Soares, R. Arantes","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-2-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-2-24","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term Antarctic expedition’s studies indicated harmful or positive behavioral and psychophysiological adaptive changes that arise from adversities in isolated, confined, and extreme environments. Whereas most of the published studies focused on overwintering situations, most Brazilian Antarctic Program summer expeditions consist of short-term stays. We evaluated the influence of a permanence in Antarctic short-term (13-day) summer camp on the hormonal responses and mood states in eight volunteers. Data collection was carried out at the beginning (initial measure, days 3 to 5) and the end (final measurement, days 10 to 12) of the camping. Morning and evening samples of saliva were obtained to measure the testosterone and cortisol concentrations. Morning blood drops were used to determine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) concentration. The volunteers also answered a mood states questionnaire. During the short-term camp, T4 (3.92 ± 0.75 vs 2.21 ± 0.71 μg.dL-1) and T4/TSH (3.16 ± 0.97 vs 1.79 ± 0.74 AU) reduced, without concomitant changes in TSH (1.28 ± 0.17 vs 1.30 ± 0.09 μU.mL-1), and salivary cortisol increased (2,392 ± 1,153 vs 4,440 ± 1,941 pg.mL-1) resulting in greater cortisol amplitude (calculated from the difference between morning and evening measurement, 1,400 ± 1,442 vs 3,230 ± 2,046). In men, testosterone increased as well (26.2 ± 12.5 vs 67.8 ± 45.8, all differences with P<0.05). There was a moderate effect in mood states evidenced by increased anger and fatigue, and reduced vigor. At the end of the camp, the change in cortisol correlated with anger, and the final cortisol values with anger and tension. We concluded that staying in a short-term summer camp in Antarctica induced endocrine and mood state changes, indicators of stress reaction.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47699256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The same pathway to the Weddell Sea birdlife, after 65 years: similarities in the species composition, richness and abundances 65年后，威德尔海的鸟类生活也是如此:物种组成、丰富度和丰度相似

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-2-20

J. L. Orgeira, F. Alvarez, Constanza S. Salvó

{"title":"The same pathway to the Weddell Sea birdlife, after 65 years: similarities in the species composition, richness and abundances","authors":"J. L. Orgeira, F. Alvarez, Constanza S. Salvó","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-2-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-2-20","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a multi-year study of top predators in Antarctica, we conducted a seabird shipbased survey on board Almirante Irizar icebreaker in the Weddell Sea to the Filchner Ice Shelf in the austral summer 2020. We carried out 10-minute counts along 1843 km during 125 hours of observation. We analyzed the species distributions and the relationships with the ice cover. We registered 15 species of which four represented more than 85% of the total abundance: Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica (43.9%), snow petrel Pagodroma nivea (16.3%), Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea (15.2%) and emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri (10.1%). Species distribution and its relationship with ice cover were analyzed statistically. The ice cover concentration was estimated by using satellite images. We compared our results with the first ship-based bird survey conducted up to the Filchner Ice Shelf in the austral summer 1955/56 to analyze possible changes in the bird community over time. Out of 13 recorded species in the 1955/56 cruise, 11 were present in this study with similar abundance proportions. In both cruises, the bird community consisted of a group of non-numerous species associated with icefree waters and another group of very numerous species associated with high concentrations on ice cover. The similarities between the two cruises, spaced 65 years apart, suggest a temporal persistence of the bird community of the central and the southern Weddell Sea that could be explained by the dynamics of the ice cover and the presence of reproductive colonies within the study site. The current environmental warming is alarming in this bird community because more than 85% of all its individuals belong to four species strongly dependent on ice cover.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71342599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Algae and cyanobacteria in soils polluted with heavy metals (Northwest Russia, Murmansk region) 重金属污染土壤中的藻类和蓝藻(俄罗斯西北部，摩尔曼斯克地区)

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-2-19

V. V. Redkina, R. Shalygina

{"title":"Algae and cyanobacteria in soils polluted with heavy metals (Northwest Russia, Murmansk region)","authors":"V. V. Redkina, R. Shalygina","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-2-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-2-19","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of algae and cyanobacteria in Albic Podzols affected by emissions of the copper–nickel plant Pechenganikel in the forest-tundra of the Arctic region was carried out. The main pollutants contained in the emissions and entering the soil are sulfur compounds and heavy non-ferrous metals. Algae and cyanobacteria were identified in soil samples collected in three zones differing in their distance from the pollution source: the zone of strong pollution (at a distance of 3 km southwest from the source of the emission), the zone of medium pollution (5-7 km), and the zone of weak pollution (16-25 km). In total, 61 species of eukaryotic algae and 2 species of cyanobacteria were found. In the studied soils, several species of algae were found with a high frequency, apparently resistant to unfavorable natural and anthropogenic factors: Chloromonas sp., Neocystis brevis, Parietochloris alveolaris, Pseudococcomyxa simplex, Stichococcus bacillaris, Interfilum terricola, Leptosira cf. obovata, Myrmecia bisecta, Nostoc muscorum. Algae from the Chlorophyta division predominated in all soils studied. Yellowgreen algae and diatoms were found only in the zone of strong pollution and were represented by a very small number of species. The presence of Microthamnion kuetzingianum, which is resistant to high acidity and heavy metals concentration, can be useful as an indicator of severe heavy metal contamination. Our study confirmed sensitivity of Vischeria magna to soil contamination with heavy metals. In long-term aspect, the species diversity of algae has increased by 35% in the soils influenced by the Pechenganikel plant in comparison with the data obtained 30 years ago, which probably indicates a certain decrease in anthropogenic load on the adjacent territories.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47004039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0