Evaluating Gas Network Capacities最新文献

{"title":"Chapter 1: Introduction","authors":"Jessica Rövekamp, Thorsten Koch, M. Pfetsch","doi":"10.7591/9781501720543-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501720543-002","url":null,"abstract":"People are drawn to living together in communities and, although cities began to appear 10,000 years ago, it is only in the last 3,000 years that they have become relatively numerous and inhabited by a large numbers of people (Macionis and Parrillo, 2009). Towards the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century more than half of the world’s population is living in urban areas – this is predicted to rise to 60 percent by 2030 (Figure 1, UN, 2006). In some parts of the world, where cities have been established for a long time, e.g., in Western Europe, the percentage of the population living in urban areas is even higher at >70% (Population Reference Bureau, 2007). Why then, for a species that shows a preference for natural sceneries (Ulrich, 1981), are we so keen to live in artificially built environments? The answer is that cities offer us security and the chance of a better standard and quality of life, though the latter fact may be hard to believe in many of the deprived, crime-ridden innercity slums of the world.","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116296956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 13: Empirical observations and statistical analysis of gas demand data","authors":"H. Heitsch, R. Henrion, H. Leövey, Radoslava Mirkov, A. Möller, W. Römisch, Isabel Wegner-Specht","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch13","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter we describe an approach for the statistical analysis of gas demand data. The objective is to model temperature dependent univariate and multivariate distributions allowing for later evaluation of network constellations with respect to the probability of demand satisfaction. In the first part, methodologies of descriptive data analysis (statistical tests, visual tools) are presented and dominating distribution types identified. Then, an automated procedure for assigning a particular distribution to the measurement data of some exit point is proposed. The univariate analysis subsequently serves as the basis for establishing an approximate multivariate model characterizing the statistics of the network as a whole. Special attention is paid to the statistical model in the low temperature range. The goal of our data analysis consists in evaluating historical data on gas demand at exits of some gas transportation network. The results will be used to extract statistical information, which may be exploited later for modeling the gas flow in the network under similar temperature conditions. More precisely, the aim is to generate a number of scenarios of possible exit loads, which will be complemented in several subsequent steps to complete a nomination (see Chapter 14). Such scenarios are needed for validating the gas network and for calculating and maximizing its technical capacities. The analysis will be based on historical measurement data for gas consumption, which is typically available during some time period, and on daily mean temperature data provided by a local weather service. Due to a high temperature-dependent proportion of heating gas, the gas demand is subject to seasonal fluctuations. During the warmer season the gas consumption decreases: hot water supply for households and process gas consumption are the only basic constituents. The method for analyzing the data should be applicable to all exits, no matter what their distribution characteristics are, and should allow for multivariate modeling to take into account statistical dependencies of different exits of the network. Therefore, the use of local temperatures as in day-ahead prediction of gas demands is less appropriate. Rather, we introduce a reference temperature which is given as a weighted sum of several local","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127890122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 9: An MPEC based heuristic","authors":"Martin Schmidt, M. Steinbach, Bernhard M. Willert","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131875922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 12: Computational results for validation of nominations","authors":"Jesco Humpola, Thomas Lehmann, R. Lenz, A. Morsi, Martin Schmidt, R. Schwarz, J. Schweiger, C. Stangl, Bernhard M. Willert, Benjamin Hiller, M. Pfetsch, L. Schewe","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123689448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 14: Methods for verifying booked capacities","authors":"Christine Hayn, H. Heitsch, R. Henrion, H. Leövey, A. Möller, W. Römisch, Benjamin Hiller","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125158138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 3: Regulatory rules for gas markets in Germany and other European countries","authors":"U. Gotzes, N. Heinecke, Jessica Rövekamp, Benjamin Hiller, T. Koch","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128122695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 2: Physical and technical fundamentals of gas networks","authors":"A. Fügenschuh, Björn Geißler, R. Gollmer, A. Morsi, Jessica Rövekamp, Martin Schmidt, K. Spreckelsen, M. Steinbach, M. Pfetsch","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114847120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 10: The precise NLP model","authors":"Martin Schmidt, M. Steinbach, Bernhard M. Willert","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133062337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 7: The specialized MINLP approach","authors":"Jesco Humpola, A. Fügenschuh, Thomas Lehmann, R. Lenz, R. Schwarz, J. Schweiger, Benjamin Hiller, T. Koch","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132774322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 5: Mathematical optimization for evaluating gas network capacities","authors":"Alexander Martin, L. Schewe, T. Koch, M. Pfetsch","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973693.ch5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the way we use mathematical optimization to dealwith the planning problems outlined in the preceding chapter. Ourmain tool is a hierarchy of different optimization models. We present different approaches that are detailed in the following chapters and discuss the corresponding modeling decisions that have to be taken. As discussed in Chapter 4, simulation is state of the art in gas transportation planning. In order to extend the application of simulation to a fully automatic planning process, one needs to incorporate (discrete) decisions that network operators are allowed to take for active elements. Moreover, these decisions should be optimal in some sense. Consequently, we arrive at optimization models and methods for gas transportation. As we are interested in midto long-term planning, we are considering stationary gas flows. The main goal is to get (stationary) optimization tools that are able to match the quality of stationary solutions obtained by simulation tools. One classical way of achieving this goal is to set up one optimization model that tries to capture all relevant aspects of the problem. However, the (global) solution of such a master model for real-life networks is way beyond the capabilities of today’s optimization methods, and it will probably not be possible to compute such a solution within any realistic time. Consequently, one needs to simplify and approximate certain aspects. This leads to the notorious problem of finding a good compromise between a relatively accurate modeling of the physics of the problem (as in the case of most nonlinear models) and the incorporation of the combinatorics of the problem (as in the case of many “discrete” models). Good solution methods have been developed for each of the resulting models. Our approach is to develop a hierarchy of models that capture different aspects of the problem. The primary principle of organization is along faithfulness to the underlying physics. However, it will turn out that not all models allow a strict hierarchy in the sense that solutions from a finer model can always be “coarsened” to a solution in the coarser model. Additionally, the different network elements all need their own models. So the building blocks of our hierarchy are different models for each component. These blocks will be outlined in the following sections. The following chapters will then show how the different components can be integrated into coherentmathematical programmingmodels. These chapters are organized by","PeriodicalId":379816,"journal":{"name":"Evaluating Gas Network Capacities","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130722064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}