Zelalem Temesgen, James T. Gaensbauer, John W. Wilson
{"title":"Contemporary Management of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis","authors":"Zelalem Temesgen, James T. Gaensbauer, John W. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obaid Ur Rehman , Eeshal Fatima , Abraish Ali , Umar Akram , Abdulqadir Nashwan , Faryal Yunus
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of bedaquiline containing regimens in patients of drug-resistant tuberculosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Obaid Ur Rehman , Eeshal Fatima , Abraish Ali , Umar Akram , Abdulqadir Nashwan , Faryal Yunus","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> and leads to serious complications if left untreated. Some strains of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> are multi-drug resistant and require treatment with newer drugs. Bedaquiline based treatment regimens have been used in patients who are diagnosed with drug resistant tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety profile of bedaquiline-based treatment regimens using a systematic review of existing literature and <em>meta</em>-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, an electronic search was carried out on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane library to find relevant literature from March 2021 onwards. Random-effects model was used to assess pooled treatment success rate and 95 % CIs. p-value of <0.05 was suggestive of publication bias. The review is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42023432748.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 543 articles were retrieved by database searching, out of which 12 new studies met the inclusion criteria. The total number of articles included in the review was 41 including 36 observational studies (having a total of 9,934 patients) and 5 experimental studies (having a total of 468 patients). The pooled treatment success rate was 76.9 % (95 % CI, 72.9–80.4) in the observational studies and 81.7 % (95 % CI, 67.2–90.7) in the experimental studies. Further subgroup analysis was done on the basis of treatment regimens containing bedaquiline only and treatment regimens containing bedaquiline and delamanid. The pooled treatment success rate in the studies consisting of patients who were treated with regimens containing bedaquiline only was 78.4 % (95 % CI, 74.2–82.1) and 73.6 % (95 % CI, 64.6–81.0) in studies consisting of patients who were treated with regimens containing bedaquiline and delamanid. There was no evidence of publication bias.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In patients of drug resistant tuberculosis having highly resistant strains of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> undergoing treatment with bedaquiline-based regimen demonstrate high rates of culture conversion and treatment success. Moreover, the safety profile of bedaquiline-based regimens is well-established in all studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240557942300061X/pdfft?md5=a817c88a845c6ceaae862c5d6fa64c91&pid=1-s2.0-S240557942300061X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138490661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En Chi Chen , Rumia Owaisi , Leah Goldschmidt , Ilo-Katryn Maimets , Amrita Daftary
{"title":"Patient perceptions of video directly observed therapy for tuberculosis: a systematic review","authors":"En Chi Chen , Rumia Owaisi , Leah Goldschmidt , Ilo-Katryn Maimets , Amrita Daftary","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Virtual modes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment monitoring have become increasingly relevant in the last decade with the advancements and increasing accessibility of technology. We conducted a systematic review comparing people with TB’s perceptions of standard directly observed therapy (DOT) versus video directly observed therapy (vDOT). Studies were obtained from MEDLINE and EMBASE between January 1, 1974 and February 4, 2021. Of the 22 articles reviewed, a qualitative thematic analysis was performed, drawing on common themes from people with TB’s perception of their care. 21 studies showed relative preference for and acceptance of vDOT over DOT. Factors that increased acceptability toward vDOT included cost and time saving, personal sense of empowerment, convenience, and privacy. Studies also showed greater adherence to treatment and subsequent improved health outcomes. vDOT has the potential to be an empowering, person-centered treatment modality for TB therapy. The role of social determinants such as place of residence, access to technology, and patient-provider communication requires further exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579423000621/pdfft?md5=dd836432165a2b68a01cb830bc191072&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579423000621-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139302679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary B. Ford , Jason F. Okulicz , Jesse R. Salinas , John L. Kiley
{"title":"Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of nontuberculous mycobacterial skin, soft tissue, and bone infections from a single center over a 10-year period","authors":"Mary B. Ford , Jason F. Okulicz , Jesse R. Salinas , John L. Kiley","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause a wide variety of clinical syndromes. Data guiding diagnosis and treatment of NTM skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and bone infections are limited. We sought to better understand SSTI and bone infections caused by NTM.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>All NTM clinical isolates recovered at Brooke Army Medical Center from 2012 to 2022 were screened; SSTI and bone isolates were included. Electronic health records were reviewed for epidemiologic, microbiologic, and clinical data. Infections were defined as recovery of one or more NTM isolate from skin, soft tissue, or bone cultures with a corresponding clinical syndrome.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty isolates of skin, soft tissue, or bone origin from 29 patients were analyzed. Twenty (69 %) patients, majority female (14/20, 70 %), had infecting isolates, most commonly secondary to surgery (35 %) or trauma (35 %). Six of 20 (30 %) had bone infections. Time from symptom onset to isolate recovery was a median 61 days (IQR 43–95). Eight (40 %) had combined medical/surgical therapy, 8 (40 %) had surgery alone, and 4 (20 %) had medical therapy alone. <em>M. abscessus</em> was more frequently isolated from patients with true infections.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Data supporting diagnosis and treatment decisions in NTM SSTI/bone infections is sparse.<!--> <!-->In this study the majority of NTM isolated were true infections. We confirm that surgery and trauma are the most common routes of exposure. The delay between symptom onset and directed therapy and the wide variety of treatment regimens highlight a need for additional studies delineating criteria for diagnosis and treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579423000591/pdfft?md5=76a4970a9ff62fb06fe5ad70412cd7d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579423000591-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91959761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André Avarese Figueiredo , Augusto de Azevedo Barreto , Humberto Elias Lopes , José Murillo Bastos Netto
{"title":"Ureteral obstruction may activate kidney latent tuberculosis. A qualitative study","authors":"André Avarese Figueiredo , Augusto de Azevedo Barreto , Humberto Elias Lopes , José Murillo Bastos Netto","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To analyze the hypothesis that ureteral obstruction may activate kidney latent tuberculous though qualitative study of Urogenital Tuberculosis patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A qualitative study was conducted using semistructured interviews in eight patients with Urogenital Tuberculosis. The progression of the disease from the initial symptoms was characterized through the analysis of the clinical and radiological data. The presence of ureteral obstruction prior to the onset of renal tuberculosis was observed in three patients.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patient 1: A 58-year-old female had five episodes of acute left ureteral lithiasis in two years prior to left kidney tuberculosis. Patient 2: A 55-year-old male patient had a 1.2 cm proximal left ureteral stone and in the following six months, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was made in a nonfunctioning left kidney with ureteral thickening and stenosis. Patient 3: A 47-year-old male patient had a 1.2 cm stone in the proximal right ureter and developed urinary tuberculosis with a nonfunctioning right kidney and a contracted bladder.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Kidney tuberculosis may appear in the same kidney that had previously suffered stone ureteral obstruction, which may have created local conditions for the activation of latent foci of renal tuberculosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen Kim Cuong , Dang Van Thanh , Dinh Van Luong , Nguyen Manh The , Truong Duc Thai , Anh Tran Thi Tuan , Doan Thu Ha , Vu Quoc Dat
{"title":"Histopathological features in the clinical specimens with tuberculosis diagnosis by BACTEC MGIT 960 culture","authors":"Nguyen Kim Cuong , Dang Van Thanh , Dinh Van Luong , Nguyen Manh The , Truong Duc Thai , Anh Tran Thi Tuan , Doan Thu Ha , Vu Quoc Dat","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains challenging in lower-middle income countries with high burden of tuberculosis (TB). This study aims to describe the histological characteristics in biopsy samples from patients with confirmed TB. This is a retrospective study of clinical biopsy specimens with positive liquid medium culture for <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> and histopathological examination in the National Lung Hospital in Vietnam. Among 1045 biopsy specimens with mycobacteria culture, the overall rate of growth of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in culture was 20.7% (216/1045). The positivity rates of MIGT culture among surgical biopsy specimens were 75% in bone specimen, followed by vertebral specimens (51.3%), and joint specimens (26.4%). For specimens obtained by the fine needle aspiration, the positivity rates of MIGT culture were 26.3% in lymph node and 25.3% in pleural specimen. Among specimens with culture confirmation of TB, the most common histopathoglogical suggestive finding of TB was the presence of epithelioid cell (83.3%), Langhans giant cells (75.9%), and caseous necrosis (75.5%). The high proportion of histological features suggestive of TB among the TB culture confirmed biopsy samples support for further evaluation of histological examination and its combination with other recommended rapid molecular assays in specimens with suspicion of TB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative analysis of the profile and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients managed at the community and primary health care facilities in Botswana","authors":"Sejie Gabalape Arnold , Mahomed Ozayr Haroon","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Successful treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) is necessary for mitigating and averting millions of deaths annually. This study compared the profiles and measured the association between patients, health system-related factors, and TB treatment outcomes of patients managed through the community tuberculosis care model with those managed in primary health care settings.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in six districts in Botswana. Patient’s records were reviewed using a data extraction sheet, and data not captured on registers were obtained using a structured questionnaire.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Three hundred and twenty-four TB patients were sampled. Most participants (84 %; n = 273) were receiving community-based DOT. Patients with moderate TB knowledge (OR 5.3,955 CI 1.01–27.7), good perception of TB care (OR 11, 95 % CI 1.29–94.0), were more likely to enroll for community DOT and achieve treatment cure. Those in businesses (OR 3.85 95 %CI 1.10–22.6), always had treatment available (OR 3.66, 95 % CI 1.12–11.4), never drank alcohol (OR 2.11, 95 %CI 1.06–4.19), used their vehicle (OR 2.11.95 %CI 0.99–4.48) were likely to enroll for community DOT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A patient-specific education program and continuous improvement practices to increase patient TB knowledge and satisfaction should be implemented at all levels to improve treatment outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/bb/main.PMC10550795.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41153212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qibin Liu , Xiyong Dai , Xianxiang Chen , Xiaoyu Liu
{"title":"Lymph node dissection effectively shortens the course of anti-tuberculosis treatment","authors":"Qibin Liu , Xiyong Dai , Xianxiang Chen , Xiaoyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of postoperative ultra-short-course chemotherapy in treating cervical lymph node tuberculosis in the Wuhan region.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Follow-up of patients in the surgery and non-surgery group after discharge, evaluating the number of cervical lymph nodes during the administration of antituberculosis drugs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The age of the patients in the surgical therapy group ranged from 6 to 83 years old with an average age of 45 and a standard deviation of 20. The number of cervical lymph nodes in the patients ranged from 1.61 to 8.15. The average antituberculosis treatment duration before surgery for patients in the surgical group was 98.02 days, while for patients in the non-surgical group it was 96.13 days. The average length of hospital stay for patients receiving surgical treatment was 12.76 days, while for patients receiving non-surgical treatment it was 8.74 days. The average antituberculosis treatment duration after discharge for patients in the surgical group was 205 days, with a standard deviation of 42.39, while for patients in the non-surgical group it was 372 days, with a standard deviation of 71.54. The T-test results for antituberculosis treatment during hospitalization and after discharge were 98.3x10-10 and 5.02x10-67, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>After surgical treatment of cervical lymph node tuberculosis, the effectiveness of a 4–6 month short-course chemotherapy in Wuhan region is not weaker than the effectiveness of a conventional 6–9 month drug treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/53/main.PMC10550794.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41138975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genanew Kassie Getahun , Elias Gezahegn , Getabalew Endazenawe , Tewodros Shitemaw , Zelalem Negash , Samuel Dessu
{"title":"Survival status and risk factors for mortality among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A retrospective follow-up study","authors":"Genanew Kassie Getahun , Elias Gezahegn , Getabalew Endazenawe , Tewodros Shitemaw , Zelalem Negash , Samuel Dessu","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tuberculosis continues to be a major health concern around the world. It kills an estimated 1.6 million people each year. The World Health Organization (WHO) removed Ethiopia from its list of thirty countries having a high prevalence of MDR/RR-TB in 2021. As a result, the aim of this study was to assess the current context of survival status and risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An institutional-based retrospective cohort study with 245 patients was undertaken using multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients who were recruited from January 1st, 2018 to December 30th, 2021, in St. Peter's specialized hospital. To find independent predictors of survival status, Cox regression analysis was used. An adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of < 0.05 was used to establish association and statistical significance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The result of the study revealed that the incidence of mortality in this study was 13.1% (95% CI: 10.3–16.5). Moreover, being male (AOR = 3.7: 95% CI = 1.2, 11.4), old age (AOR = 14: 95% CI = 3.0, 60.4), site of TB (AOR = 0.2: 95% CI = 0.03, 0.6), and presence of comorbidity (AOR = 9.2: 95% CI = 2.4, 35.3), were independent predictors of time to death.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Generally, the death rate among research participants was high. Moreover, male gender, old age, site of tuberculosis, and presence of other comorbidity were predictors of mortality among MDR-TB patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/31/2d/main.PMC10520522.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kendall Kling , Rebecca Osborn , Adil Menon , Janna Williams , Ryan Cardew , Omar Al-Heeti , Phillip Santoiemma , Michael Angarone , Samuel Gatesy , Travis Kochan , Teresa Zembower , Karen Krueger , Egon A. Ozer , Chao Qi
{"title":"A cluster of six respiratory cultures positive for Mycobacterium xenopi –Clinical characteristics and genomic characterization","authors":"Kendall Kling , Rebecca Osborn , Adil Menon , Janna Williams , Ryan Cardew , Omar Al-Heeti , Phillip Santoiemma , Michael Angarone , Samuel Gatesy , Travis Kochan , Teresa Zembower , Karen Krueger , Egon A. Ozer , Chao Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Mycobacterium xenopi</em> is a slow growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) isolated from water systems and has been associated with pseudo-outbreaks and pulmonary infections in humans. We observed a cluster of six respiratory cultures positive for <em>M. xenopi</em> within a six-month period at our institution, approximately double our normal isolation rate of this organism. Only three of the six cases met clinical, radiographic, and microbiologic criteria for NTM infection. An investigation led by our hospital’s Healthcare Epidemiology and Infection Program found no epidemiologic link between the six patients. Three isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis confirmed they were non-clonal. <em>In vitro</em> susceptibility data found the isolates were sensitive to macrolides, moxifloxacin, and rifabutin. Our findings suggest that isolation of <em>M. xenopi</em> from pulmonary specimens may be increasing, further defines the genomic population structure of this potentially emerging infection, and establishes WGS as a useful tool for outbreak investigation strain typing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}