{"title":"On the illocutionary force of exclamatives and non-canonical questions in German and Italian","authors":"R. Hinterhölzl, N. Munaro","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of evidence from German and Italian, it is argued that non-canonical wh-questions and wh-exclamatives involve the expression of surprise about an unexpected state of affairs; however, they exhibit a difference in illocutionary force: while non-canonical questions constitute directive speech acts which request the hearer to provide an explanation for the unexpected state of affairs, wh-exclamatives are more akin to assertions, since they are used to indicate the speaker’s surprise about the difference between the expected state of affairs and the actual one. These interpretive differences are syntactically codified by the presence and absence of Verb Second in German and by a difference in the final landing site of the wh-element in standard questions, non-canonical questions, and wh-exclamatives in Italian.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130401093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Connectors as emotive signs","authors":"Patrizia Noel Aziz Hanna","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is a contribution to exploring the interrelations between syntactic position, semiotic status, and pragmatic function. Ways of identifying the kind of expressivity encoded by sentence-final connectors and related phenomena like the ‘et ceteras’ are discussed, focusing on German triple und ‘and so on’ from a cross-linguistic perspective. Expressivity is effected by an interplay of factors: the innovative sentence-final placement of a connector, the status of the sentence-final connector as emotive sign (Marty 1908), and its function as a general extender. This interplay leads to rigid ‘packages’ which surface in lexical entries like triple und and multiple et cetera. It is argued that und und und, like other sentence-final particles, belongs to the class of Wackernagel elements, which recently have emerged in sentence-final position. Triple und is linked to the on-going discussion of the functions of the left and right sentence peripheries.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133994001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mirative implicatures at the syntax-semantics interface","authors":"Silvio Cruschina, V. Bianchi","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the mirative implicature that is associated with two distinct Romance constructions: Mirative Focus Fronting (MFF) and Doubly Inflection Construction (DIC). Despite the distinct level at which the mirative meaning is syntactically encoded in the two constructions, the mirative import displays consistent properties. Both in MFF and in DIC, this meaning can be captured as a conventional implicature about the falsity of the at-issue proposition in the most normal worlds. The modal parameters that are required to interpret the implicature are anchored to the world and time of utterance and to the conversational community; hence, this mirative implicature is not exclusively anchored to the speaker’s perspective, but it also involves the interlocutor(s) in the attempt to arrive at a joint evaluative commitment.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125270355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-linguistic variations in the interpretation of tense in mirative sentences","authors":"Osamu Sawada, Jun Sawada","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the interpretation of tense in Japanese mirative sentences using nante/towa and considers cross-linguistic variations of mirativity in terms of tense. In Japanese, when nante or towa is combined with a proposition that contains the so-called non-past form ru, the sentence becomes ambiguous as having both a non-past (future/present) reading and a past reading. Based on a theory by Sawada and Sawada (2019), we argue that this ambiguity of tense is due to the conventional implicature of nante/towa: nante/towa can take a ‘non-tensed’ proposition p and conventionally implies that (i) p is settled (i.e., p is/was true or predicted to be true) and (ii) the speaker did not expect such p. It will be shown that a basic analysis of nante/towa can apply to the English exclamatory that-clause, which also presents an ambiguity of tense, and at least partially to the Korean mirative tani sentence in which a past-oriented meaning can be represented based on the stem form of a verb.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121636284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"French reason-comment ‘how’ questions","authors":"L. Brunetti, Hiyon Yoo, L. Tovena, Rachel Albar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses some semantic/pragmatic aspects of French questions starting with comment ‘how’ and having an interpretation of reason (similar to reason ‘why’), and investigates if and how these properties are reflected by prosody. With reason-comment questions, the speaker doubts that the proposition characterizing the event described in the question can be true, and asks the hearer to help her to revise her expectations about it, by giving her some reasons that make the existence of the event conceivable. The speaker’s doubt is often accompanied by additional emotions, such as indignation, exasperation, etc. In order to analysze the prosody of these questions, we conducted a production experiment comparing the reason and the manner reading of comment-questions. Results confirmed that prosodic cues allow us to distinguish between the two interpretations. In utterances with a reason reading, the expression of questioning force is important, even where accompanied by expressions of expectation disconfirmation and surprise.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120888958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On classifiers and affect in the nominal domain","authors":"Norbert Corver","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents six case studies on the encoding of affective-expressive information in the Dutch nominal domain. Each affective phenomenon that is discussed, displays a formal property that, from a surface perspective, could be qualified as ‘disorganizing.’ It is proposed that disorganization is only apparent and that the affective-expressive nominal expression has an organized structure that falls within the variation space as defined by UG. It is the different formal organization, compared to the organization of nominal expressions with descriptive contents, which yields ‘the feel of disorganization.’ The availability of different grammatical routes provided by UG allows the language user to use her language for distinct communicative functions, including the expression of one’s affective feelings. It is proposed that the Classifier Projection plays an important role in the manifestation of those routes.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116581190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expressive questions in English and French","authors":"Agnès Celle, A. Jugnet, Laure Lansari","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores expressive questions in English and French. It is usage-based and draws upon a sample of naturally occurring data. It focuses on what the hell questions in English and mais qu’est-ce que questions in French. A distinction is made between two types of expressivity, which have been labeled emotional expressivity and iconic expressivity. They both convey intensification and may operate at the lexical, discursive, semantic, or syntactic levels. In what the hell questions, the left periphery is a core area for activating expressivity, while in mais qu’est-ce que questions, expressivity markers are varied and not restricted to the left periphery. Iconic expressivity is claimed to be unrelated to the speaker’s emotional attitude and triggered by enactment markers.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130411467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expressive insubordination","authors":"Andreas Trotzke, Xavier Villalba","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the expressive speech act of so-called ‘that-exclamatives’ is compared in both Germanic and Romance languages. The chapter first points out important semantic differences between that-exclamatives in the two language groups by mainly focusing on the languages Catalan and German. In order to explain those differences, a detailed syntactic account is provided of the different systems of syntactic complementation in the expression of that-exclamatives in Germanic and Romance languages. The conclusion of the chapter is that only German that-exclamatives can be referred to as cases of so-called ‘insubordination’ (i.e., syntactic configurations that feature subordinated syntax, but are used as root clauses), whereas Catalan that-exclamatives instantiate a syntactic form that is distinct from both wh-exclamatives and subordinated syntactic configurations.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115206390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Function words and polarity","authors":"Matteo Greco","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Function words are commonly considered to be a small and closed class of words in which each element is associated with a specific and fixed logical meaning. Unfortunately, this is not always true as witnessed by negation: on the one hand, negation does reverse the truth-value conditions of a proposition, and the other hand, it does not, realizing what is called Expletive Negation. This chapter aims to investigate whether a word that is established on the basis of its function can be ambiguous by discussing the role of the syntactic derivation in some instances of so-called Expletive Negation clauses, a case in which negation seems to lose its capacity to deny the proposition associated with its sentence. Both a theoretical and an experimental approach has been adopted.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128901646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expressive meaning across linguistic levels and frameworks","authors":"Andreas Trotzke, Xavier Villalba","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871217.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes recent work on expressive meaning within a variety of linguistic frameworks and concludes that linguistic research on the formal means of expressing emotions is still understudied across different linguistic complexity levels. Based on this thematic introduction, the chapter provides an overview of the present volume, highlighting common concepts and ideas of the individual chapters, but also stressing important differences in how expressive meaning is investigated.","PeriodicalId":379324,"journal":{"name":"Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123839361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}