L. Nock, S. Brunke, H. Jiang, J. J. Mai, G. Trahey, P. von Behren
{"title":"A new medical ultrasound research interface","authors":"L. Nock, S. Brunke, H. Jiang, J. J. Mai, G. Trahey, P. von Behren","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192593","url":null,"abstract":"Under a contract with the National Cancer Institute, we have developed an ultrasound research interface on a commercial scanner. The user can access and control a variety of scanner parameters which are not directly accessible through the clinical user interface, but which are vital to the success of potential scientific experiments. User-selectable parameters include ensemble or packet size, framerate, and receive aperture growth enable/disable. The research interface stores digitally beam formed RF (radio frequency) data in a format suitable for post processing for research. We present preliminary results demonstrating the interface's functionality and utility in several areas of research. As an example, we configured the research interface to collect raw RF data using phase inversion methods. The data was processed in two different ways, to emphasize the tissue signal using subtraction and filtering of inverted-phase signals and to emphasize the contrast agent signal using addition and filtering of inverted-phase signals.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131810333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the mechanism of acoustic droplet vaporization","authors":"O. Kripfgans, P. Carson, J. Fowlkes","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193459","url":null,"abstract":"It has been observed in the past that micrometer sized droplets can be vaporized into gas bubbles by the application of diagnostic ultrasound. This paper will discuss the possible underlying mechanism of acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) including acoustic cavitation, acoustic heating, shape oscillations during acoustic irradiation, and hydrodynamic cavitation. Experiments were performed on droplet emulsions as well as on single droplets. The vaporization of emulsions was quantified based on gas bubbles generated in a flow tube using a 10 MHz linear imaging army. Single droplets were monitored optically under a microscope and a high speed video system. The frequency dependence of ADV as well as trials with degassed water (40% of saturation) imply that acoustic cavitation is not the mechanism for ADV. Acoustic heating was investigated by exposing the droplet emulsion to repetitive tone bursts (50 Hz to 5 kHz). No significant change in pressure threshold for ADV was observed, however the yield of gas bubbles was used to calculate the single pulse conversion efficiency of ADV to 26%. Droplet shape oscillations causing a non-uniform Laplace pressure, were found to be 15% or less of the droplet diameter. They could be observed at the beginning and at the end of the acoustic irradiation. Observed was a dipole-type motion (1.3 /spl mu/m amplitude) of irradiated droplets as well as the spot-like onset of vaporization on the axis of oscillation close to a pole of the droplet. It is concluded that because of the high Reynolds number during ADV (4-5/spl times/10/sup 5/), the mechanism of vaporization might be based on hydrodynamic effects.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combination of finite element simulations and linear systems theory for pulse shaping of piezoelectric transducers used in therapy","authors":"T. Dreyer, R.E. Riedlinger","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192529","url":null,"abstract":"A simulation procedure is presented to calculate the focal ultrasound pressure pulse from the driving voltage of a piezoelectric composite transducer or to calculate the required voltage from a given focal pressure pulse. The description of the transducer system including the driving circuit is done by linear systems theory. A transducer transfer function is derived by transient finite element simulations of the transducer structure. Focusing is assumed to be linear, which is valid for small amplitudes. Measurements validate the model.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132932166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susumu Yoshimoto, Yasushi Yamamoto, Y. Takahashi, Eiichi Otsuka
{"title":"Multi-band RF SAW filter for mobile phone using surface mount plastic package","authors":"Susumu Yoshimoto, Yasushi Yamamoto, Y. Takahashi, Eiichi Otsuka","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193365","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, multi-band RF SAW filters for mobile phone are strongly required. In this work, as the example of multi-band SAW filters, we report PDC triple-band SAW filter and EGSM /DCS dual-band balanced SAW filter using surface mount plastic package. These filters are encapsulated in plastic package and they are made by our new plastic molding technology. The plastic package has advantages of lightweight low material cost and low assembly cost. To integrate plural filters to one chip, we refined the conventional lift-off method. The method can realize easy fabrication of SAW chip for multi-band filter We utilized 36Y-X LiTaO/sub 3/ for substrates for the filter. The electrode structure of each filter is longitudinal-mode resonator filter With regards to PDC triple-band filter, we achieved typical insertion loss of 2.0 dB / 2.1 dB / 2.2 dB with bandwidth of 33 MHz / 15 MHz / 24 MHz for 800 MHz (called CD-band) / 800 MHz (called A-band) / 1.5 GHz, respectively, with excellent high rejection levels. And for another application of the plastic package, we developed EGSM/DCS Rx dual-band balanced SAW filter. We achieved insertion loss of 2.2 dB / 3.0 dB for EGSM and DCS filter, respectively, with good amplitude and phase balance. We could realize multi-band SAW filters using the plastic package and could confirm its usability for SAW devices.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133155460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in tissue-type imaging (TTI) for detecting and evaluating prostate cancer","authors":"E. Feleppa, S. Urban, A. Kalisz, C. R. Porter","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192551","url":null,"abstract":"We are seeking to apply advanced ultrasonic tissue typing methods to overcoming severe limitations that now exist in conventional means of imaging cancerous lesions of the prostate. New tissue-type imaging (TTI) methods based on spectrum analysis of radiofrequency (RF) echo signals and neural-network classifiers show potential for distinguishing cancerous from non-cancerous prostate tissues. Encouraging ROC-curve results indicate superior classification. Consequently, these new TTI images may improve biopsy guidance and therapy targeting so that cancers are more-effectively detected and treated.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132730365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near-field phase shift photolithography for high-frequency SAW transducers","authors":"T. Hesjedal, W. Seidel, H. Kostial","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193394","url":null,"abstract":"Optical lithography has been widely used in mass production of various electronic devices, mainly because of its high throughput capability. However, the resolution in conventional lithography is diffraction limited. Cost issues, on the other hand, make slower but higher resolution methods, like electron beam lithography, unattractive for industrial applications. In order to be able to continue the use of optical lithography, new schemes were developed that enhance the resolution. Phase-shifting masks, for example, alter both the amplitude and the phase of the exposing light and lead to higher resolution. Using the related phase edge method it has been shown that 100 nm features can be produced using 248 nm light. Furthermore, employing an elastomeric phase mask, commercially available photo resist, and incoherent light, down to 90 nm features were demonstrated. Here, we report on the application of a near-field phase shift technique on the fabrication of SAW transducers. This simple and low cost technique is best suited for the fabrication of SAW structures, where the metallization ratio is different from 1:1, like Narrow Gap Floating Electrode Unidirectional Transducers (NG-FEUDTS).","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132754723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. McIntosh, D. Hutchins, D. Billson, R. A. Noble, R. Davies, L. Koker
{"title":"SAFT imaging using immersed capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers","authors":"J. McIntosh, D. Hutchins, D. Billson, R. A. Noble, R. Davies, L. Koker","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192468","url":null,"abstract":"Micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs) capable of operating in immersion mode have been designed and fabricated. As with previously reported airborne results, these immersable transducers possess extremely wide bandwidths, with operation typically ranging from low MHz extending beyond 10 MHz in water. Such wide bandwidths are of interest for many imaging applications. A range of transducer arrays have been fabricated with individual element sizes ranging from 200 /spl mu/m - 1 mm. The transducers are fabricated using an electronics-compatible micromachining process, which would allow analogue front-end electronics and transducers to be implemented on the same silicon substrate. Results will be presented from small aperture synthetic line arrays of cMUT receivers, which have been used in conjunction with a series of piezoelectric sources to allow images to be presented of reflective targets. The data is processed using a 2D Synthetic Aperture Focussing Technique (SAFT) algorithm.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115467566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Lupotti, A. Zimmer, M. Daronat, F. Foster, A. V. D. van der Steen, G. Cloutier
{"title":"Aggregation of red cells and linear velocity gradients: influence on the correlation-based method for quantitative IVUS blood flow at 20 MHz","authors":"F. Lupotti, A. Zimmer, M. Daronat, F. Foster, A. V. D. van der Steen, G. Cloutier","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192588","url":null,"abstract":"Recent computer simulations suggest that the presence of aggregates of red blood cells (RBCs), at random angles and lengths, does not affect the measurements of transverse blood flow using a correlation-based method and an IVUS array catheter. Blood velocity gradients were also shown not to influence the correlation-based method for blood velocity estimation. The objective of this study is to quantify the influence of aggregates of RBCs and blood velocity gradients on the correlation-based method during in vitro experiments. For this purpose, measurements were performed on normal and diseased human blood. The decorrelation pattern of a circular ultrasound transducer as a function of transverse blood flow was studied using a Couette system. Agreements were found between the auto-convolution of the acoustical beam and the RF decorrelation patterns.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115554219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embedded inductors incorporated in the design of SAW module SMT packaging","authors":"B. Potter, J. Mink, V. Narayanan","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193428","url":null,"abstract":"As SAW modules are moving to higher frequencies and their form factor continues to decline in size, the need for incorporating impedance matching components into the package design has become critical to ensure size and cost targets. The impedance matching components discussed here take the form of imbedded spiral inductors. These inductors do not increase the area of the package significantly and impact only the package height slightly. Since surface mount technology (SMT) tooling can be quite significant, errors in the inductor design can be costly. Accurate modeling of the inductor characteristics becomes quite important. Initial attempts for the modeling used closed-form solutions for printed spiral inductors and the results were not very accurate or satisfying. Improvements came after modeling the inductors using an electromagnetic simulator. The inductors were then designed and the packages tooled. This paper compares early model calculations with electromagnetic (EM) simulations, and measured results. Variables such as ground plane proximity, conductivity of the SMT package traces, etc. are discussed.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124170670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermoacoustic ultrasound power measurement using evaluation of transient temperature profiles","authors":"V. Wilkens","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1192557","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative approach for data evaluation in thermoacoustic ultrasound measurements is investigated. In contrast to methods previously described, the transient temperature profile measured at the rear side of an insonified absorber is used instead of the temperature increase measured at equilibrium. The method considerably reduces the measurement time and expands the practical applicability of the thermoacoustic sensor concept.","PeriodicalId":378705,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":"357 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124511211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}