Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics最新文献_第4页

Ageism, Aging and HIV: Community Responses to Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support. 老年歧视、老龄化和艾滋病毒:社区对预防、治疗、护理和支持的反应。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1159/000448567

Rosanna F DeMarco, Mark Brennan-Ing, Courtenay Sprague, Shelley M Brown

{"title":"Ageism, Aging and HIV: Community Responses to Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support.","authors":"Rosanna F DeMarco, Mark Brennan-Ing, Courtenay Sprague, Shelley M Brown","doi":"10.1159/000448567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000448567","url":null,"abstract":"Ageism, in the form of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination targeting older adults, represents a barrier to addressing the graying of the HIV epidemic. There is widespread misperception on the part of older adults themselves, as well as service providers and society in general that HIV risk is low as one ages. In addition, internalized ageism may play a role in poorer physical and mental health outcomes, as the negative stereotypes associated with aging become a self-fulfilling prophecy. A number of steps can be taken to address HIV and aging in the context of ageism with regard to: prevention, education, and outreach; treatment guidelines for older adults with HIV; funding to address the aging of the epidemic; engagement of communities, health and social service organizations, and other providers around mental health and social support, and addressing the needs of special populations. Caring for an aging population with HIV represents a challenge, which is exacerbated in low and/or middle-income countries that typically lack the infrastructure of high resource settings. How we address the aging-related issues of the HIV epidemic across regions and settings could serve as a model in dealing with aging in our society in general regardless of HIV status.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":"42 ","pages":"234-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000448567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39980658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Behavioral Health. 行为健康。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1159/000448546

David W Pantalone, Stephanie E Czajkowski, S Wade Taylor

{"title":"Behavioral Health.","authors":"David W Pantalone, Stephanie E Czajkowski, S Wade Taylor","doi":"10.1159/000448546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000448546","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we will describe the state of the literature on behavioral health, which includes mental health and substance use problems, and the available treatment interventions to ameliorate these problems, for older adults living with HIV (OALH). The scientific literature on the behavioral health of OALH is highly underdeveloped, especially in terms of the creation of empirically supported interventions to alleviate psychological distress. From the literature that does exist, there are a number of salient factors that emerge, including stereotypes (i.e., older adults are not sexually active), stigmatization (of those who are HIV-positive), social isolation, unique psychosocial needs for newly-infected OALH, and elevated rates of emotional distress and concomitant disorders - especially, depression. These factors persist alongside findings that OALH have fewer sources of social or institutional support, fewer surviving peers, and a lack of family to care for them. Additionally, many OALH report problems with substance use, both as a function of their 'baby-boomer' generational status (i.e., people born between 1946 and 1964) and in terms of the life experiences associated with their HIV-positive status. Overall, it is unclear how mental health and substance use problems affect combination antiretroviral therapy adherence, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, or treatment outcomes in this population, and further study is needed.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":"42 ","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000448546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39980974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Support Systems and Social Network Characteristics of Older Adults with HIV. 老年HIV感染者的社会支持系统与社会网络特征

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1159/000448561

Mark Brennan-Ing, Liz Seidel, Stephen E Karpiak

{"title":"Social Support Systems and Social Network Characteristics of Older Adults with HIV.","authors":"Mark Brennan-Ing, Liz Seidel, Stephen E Karpiak","doi":"10.1159/000448561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000448561","url":null,"abstract":"Social networks of older adults with HIV have been characterized as fragile, with a greater reliance on friends as compared to family. However, we know little about the subgroup differences in the social network constellations of this population, how such characteristics are related to social support resources, and their relationship with psychosocial well-being. We developed a typology of social networks of older HIV-positive adults and examined if they would be related to receipt of informal assistance, perceptions of support sufficiency, and psychosocial well-being. Data were obtained from Research on Older Adults with HIV (n = 914). Participants were 50 years and older, HIV positive, and diverse in terms of race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. Cluster analysis identified Isolated, Friend-centered, and Integrated social network types. The Isolated reported significantly lower levels of assistance, lower perceptions of support availability and adequacy, greater stigma and psychological distress, and lower well-being compared to their peers. While friends dominate many social networks in this population, a more nuanced interpretation is needed; many have no friends and a substantial proportion receive significant family support. Those with Isolated network types will likely need to access a high volume of community-based services as they age as they lack informal support resources.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":"42 ","pages":"159-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000448561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39981284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Medical, Social and Supportive Services for Older Adults with HIV. 为感染艾滋病毒的老年人提供的医疗、社会和支助服务。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1159/000448563

Lisa E Cox, Mark Brennan-Ing

{"title":"Medical, Social and Supportive Services for Older Adults with HIV.","authors":"Lisa E Cox, Mark Brennan-Ing","doi":"10.1159/000448563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000448563","url":null,"abstract":"Older people living with HIV are increasingly requiring formal supportive community-based services. Supportive services are essential to medical care and treatment for older people living with HIV/AIDS. This chapter considers Andersen's behavioral model of health services, and explores the predisposing, enabling, and need factors that affect service utilization among the older HIV population. The Andersen model provides a lens to understand the need for supportive services to go beyond primary medical care. Examples of such services and referrals typically include medical and non-medical case management, clinical provider referrals, mental health and substance use treatment, housing assistance, legal services, nutrition, transportation, home care, emergency assistance, patient education support groups, and other programs such as the AIDS Drug Assistance Program and secondary prevention services. Barriers to assistance and support, and consequences and resources for caregivers are addressed. Aspects surrounding structural inequities, multiple-minority status, and HIV stigma are examined with the goal of offering insight and advocacy ideas for community-based providers and policy makers. In future, the healthcare and supportive services infrastructure must be better equipped to manage the distinctive treatment and care needs of HIV-positive older adults.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":"42 ","pages":"204-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000448563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39981308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Frailty in Aging. Biological, Clinical and Social Implications. Introduction. 衰老中的脆弱。生物学、临床和社会意义。介绍。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2015-07-22 DOI: 10.1159/978-3-318-05457-6

K. Rockwood, O. Theou

引用次数: 24

Comparison and Clinical Applications of the Frailty Phenotype and Frailty Index Approaches. 脆弱表型法与脆弱指数法的比较及临床应用。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-17 DOI: 10.1159/000381166

Olga Theou, Kenneth Rockwood

引用次数: 25

Frailty in Primary Care. 初级保健中的虚弱。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-17 DOI: 10.1159/000381170

Roman Romero-Ortuno

{"title":"Frailty in Primary Care.","authors":"Roman Romero-Ortuno","doi":"10.1159/000381170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000381170","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the pragmatic integration of frailty in primary care. While some patients present to primary care practitioners with relatively well-defined problems that can be managed by a single intervention and/or organ-specific specialist referral, others present with nonacute, poorly defined problems that are complex and rooted in multiple factors. The latter are often in need of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). CGA can have important positive impacts on the health of older people, but it is labor-intensive and costly. Therefore, patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes should have higher priority to publicly funded CGA services. Frailty is an age-independent marker of risk that fits the biopsychosocial model of primary care, and its use (as opposed to age alone) may promote equity of access to CGA services. A number of frailty assessment tools have been recommended for use in primary care. Some randomized controlled trials have shown that frailty screening in primary care, with subsequent CGA and intervention, can prevent adverse outcomes. However, this result has not been obtained with every screening tool, and comparative trials are ongoing. Meanwhile, primary care commissioners in the UK are establishing new frailty care pathways and developing frailty registers in primary care.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":"41 ","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000381170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34117509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

End of Life Care in Frailty. 虚弱的生命末期护理。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-17 DOI: 10.1159/000381232

Paige Moorhouse, Katalin Koller, Laurie Mallery

引用次数: 10

Sex Differences in Frailty. 脆弱的性别差异。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-17 DOI: 10.1159/000381161

Ruth E Hubbard

{"title":"Sex Differences in Frailty.","authors":"Ruth E Hubbard","doi":"10.1159/000381161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000381161","url":null,"abstract":"Although women live longer lives than men, they tend to have poorer health status. Here, we review the biological and socio-behavioral factors that may contribute to this sex-frailty paradox. The conceptual framework that frailty is a product of the environment and the recovery rate provides a new understanding of women's frailty burden. Even developed countries may present an environment more adverse for women, and lifestyle factors may increase women's vulnerability to stochastic subcellular events that increase recovery time. The frailty index does not reach the theoretical maximal value of 1; its limit is lower in men (0.61) compared to women (0.69). Perhaps deterministic characteristics omitted in current deficit counts, such as reduced emotional adaptability, are more prevalent in men. Alternatively, different limits may result from quantitative evolutionary design, such as a fitness-frailty pleiotropy in men or fertility-frailty pleiotropy in women. The engineering principle of safety factors (maximal capacity divided by routine functioning) may also be informative. If the human system has the same safety factor as its organs (approximately 2.5), men may be 'calibrated' around a frailty index of 0.244, compared to 0.276 for women. Because 0.25 represents the tipping point between functional independence and reliance on others, evolutionary design may have allowed for some limited dependence in women, perhaps motivated by the perinatal period.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":"41 ","pages":"41-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000381161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34115957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67

Operationalizing Frailty Using the Frailty Phenotype and Deficit Accumulation Approaches. 利用脆弱表型和缺陷积累方法实现脆弱性的操作化。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-17 DOI: 10.1159/000381164

Olga Theou, Jeremy Walston, Kenneth Rockwood

引用次数: 53