Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics最新文献_第2页

The Impact of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome on Vaccination Success. 肥胖和代谢综合征对疫苗接种成功的影响。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1159/000504440

Daniela Frasca, Bonnie B Blomberg

引用次数: 38

Comorbidities in the Elderly and Their Possible Influence on Vaccine Response. 老年人的合并症及其对疫苗反应的可能影响

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1159/000504491

Anja Kwetkat, Hans Jürgen Heppner

{"title":"Comorbidities in the Elderly and Their Possible Influence on Vaccine Response.","authors":"Anja Kwetkat, Hans Jürgen Heppner","doi":"10.1159/000504491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000504491","url":null,"abstract":"The following chapter is focused on the impact of comorbidities on the effectiveness of vaccination in older persons. Relevant comorbidities are cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure, which lead to reduction of vaccine immunogenicity; or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a decline in lung function and a higher risk for pneumonia or infections due to influenza. End-stage renal disease has a high impact on developing infections and causes immune dysfunction over all parts of the immune system. Depression and dementia as well as psychological stress are associated with poor antibody response and a higher range of inflammation markers. Chronic inflammatory processes like rheumatoid arthritis also alter the immune system. In addition, geriatric syndromes and lowered functional status have implications for the vaccination response. Malnutrition is characterized by depletion of structural and functional proteins. This leads to a low antibody response. Negative immunomodulatory effects are also observed in vitamin D insufficiency. Frailty as well is associated with immunological changes and lowered performance in the activities of daily living, but moderate physical activity improves immune function.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000504491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37847148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Herpes Zoster and Its Prevention by Vaccination. 带状疱疹及其疫苗预防。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1159/000504484

Robert W Johnson, Myron J Levin

{"title":"Herpes Zoster and Its Prevention by Vaccination.","authors":"Robert W Johnson, Myron J Levin","doi":"10.1159/000504484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000504484","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes zoster (HZ; shingles) results from reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) after primary infection as varicella (chicken pox). It affects mainly older adults and people with immunocompromising diseases or treatments. The most common complication is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which has significant adverse effects on quality of life and activities of daily living. Since PHN cannot be prevented once HZ has occurred, and treatment is only modestly successful and is associated with significant side effects, the recent introduction of an effective vaccine is an important achievement. This new vaccine, which combines a single VZV glycoprotein (gE) and a multicomponent adjuvant, is superior to the previously available live attenuated VZV vaccine. The recombinant adjuvanted vaccine is remarkably effective in restoring the protective T cell-mediated immunity required to prevent HZ. Its clinical efficacy is much greater than that observed with other vaccines for older individuals affected by immune senescence, and its safety profile is very acceptable. It has been recommended in the USA and Canada for people who are 50 years of age and older. The immunogenicity and safety of this vaccine in severely immunocompromised individuals, such as after chemotherapy for malignancy, after solid organ or stem cell transplant, and in people with HIV are being studied.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000504484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37849172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Age-Related Changes in B Cells Relevant to Vaccine Responses. 与疫苗应答相关的B细胞年龄相关变化

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1159/000504479

Deborah K Dunn-Walters, Alexander T Stewart, Emma L Sinclair, Ilaria Serangeli

{"title":"Age-Related Changes in B Cells Relevant to Vaccine Responses.","authors":"Deborah K Dunn-Walters, Alexander T Stewart, Emma L Sinclair, Ilaria Serangeli","doi":"10.1159/000504479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000504479","url":null,"abstract":"Older people have reduced immune responses to infection and vaccination. B cell activation is key for the efficacy of the vaccine response, but there are several age-related changes in B cells which may contribute to the loss of vaccine efficacy. Different subpopulations of B cells have different functions and phenotypes. These populations can change as we age; older people have been shown to have fewer \"IgM memory\" cells, regulatory B cells and plasma cells and more IgD-CD27- \"double-negative\" and \"age-related B cells.\" While the overall quantity of antibody in the blood does not change, the quality of the B cell response changes; producing less specific antibodies upon challenge and more autoreactive antibodies. This could be due to changes in selection pressures, as has been demonstrated by repertoire sequencing of different subsets of B cells at different ages. Other changes in antibody repertoire are seen, including greater levels of IgG2 in older people and altered IgG1 IGHV gene usage. Since B cells rely on their environment for efficient responses, some of these changes may be due to age-related changes in accessory cells/signals. Other changes appear to be intrinsic to older/aged B cells themselves, such as their tendency to produce greater levels of inflammatory cytokines.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000504479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37849169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Vaccines to Protect Older Adults against Pneumococcal Disease. 预防老年人肺炎球菌病的疫苗。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1159/000504490

Martijn D B van de Garde, Mirjam J Knol, Nynke Y Rots, Debbie van Baarle, Cécile A C M van Els

{"title":"Vaccines to Protect Older Adults against Pneumococcal Disease.","authors":"Martijn D B van de Garde, Mirjam J Knol, Nynke Y Rots, Debbie van Baarle, Cécile A C M van Els","doi":"10.1159/000504490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000504490","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the optimal vaccination strategy for the protection of the elderly population against pneumococcal disease remains a challenge. Older adults are, second to young infants, most susceptible to become colonized and invaded by Streptococcus pneumoniae, causing serious disease such as bacteremic pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. In an era with increasing antimicrobial resistance and the growing susceptible population of aged adults, S. pneumoniae is a priority bacterial pathogen for research and development of new intervention strategies. While elderly indirectly profit from infant immunization programs through herd immunity, vaccination of older age groups can offer more direct protection. Two types of pneumococcal vaccines for adults, both based on capsular polysaccharide serotypes, are currently available but have limitations, such as short-lived protection or limited serotype coverage. These vaccine limitations and the biological aging of the immune system call for novel vaccination strategies for the older adults. Here, we highlight how host-pathogen interactions, immune protection, and effectiveness of currently available vaccines shift with increasing age, and how future pneumococcal vaccine strategies could be tailored for the elderly.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000504490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37839163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Vaccines for Older Travelers. 给老年旅行者的疫苗。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1159/000504492

Wolfgang Jilg

{"title":"Vaccines for Older Travelers.","authors":"Wolfgang Jilg","doi":"10.1159/000504492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000504492","url":null,"abstract":"People who travel to countries where they are at risk of contracting specific infections often need specific vaccines. To make correct recommendations in this respect several points have to be considered. The state of health of the traveler should be known as well as his or her destination and travel style. Very important, however, is the age of the traveler. As advancing age leads to changes in the immune system, in older individuals many infections are more severe. On the other hand, most vaccines are less immunogenic in the elderly. In this chapter, we will discuss which vaccines are necessary for older travelers visiting (mainly) tropical and subtropical countries, how these vaccines have to be used, and if perhaps their use has to be altered in older individuals. First, standard vaccinations will be addressed. When the immunization state of the individual is incomplete because certain vaccinations are expired or missing, it has to be updated. Vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria, influenza, pneumococcal diseases, measles, and poliomyelitis have to be considered in this respect, because the risk of getting infected with these diseases in tropical and subtropical regions or in regions with poor hygienic conditions is often higher or at least the same as in industrialized countries. The second and main part of this chapter contains the typical travel vaccines. We will deal with vaccinations against cholera, hepatitis A and B, Japanese encephalitis, invasive meningococcal diseases, rabies, typhoid fever, and yellow fever. Clinical courses and epidemiology of the different infections are presented. The respective vaccines are discussed in detail, especially their efficiency in older individuals as far as data are available in this respect. Finally, recommendations for their use in older travelers will be given.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000504492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37847096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Natural Killer Cells, Aging, and Vaccination. 自然杀伤细胞、衰老和疫苗接种。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1159/000504493

Jacek M Witkowski, Anis Larbi, Aurélie Le Page, Tamàs Fülöp

引用次数: 16

The Relevance of Palliative Care in HIV and Aging. 姑息治疗在HIV和衰老中的相关性。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1159/000448566

Jacqueline Shorthill, Rosanna F DeMarco

{"title":"The Relevance of Palliative Care in HIV and Aging.","authors":"Jacqueline Shorthill, Rosanna F DeMarco","doi":"10.1159/000448566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000448566","url":null,"abstract":"The connection between palliative care and HIV infection has deep and wide roots in the United States that go back to the time when many gay men in the early 1980s were dying from a disease we knew little about, and there was no way to help but to alleviate symptoms in hospice and end of life centers across the United States. More individuals (adults and children), families, and communities attribute the success of antiretroviral therapies and other therapeutic approaches to advancing quality of life and life itself today. The identity of HIV, like many 'life-threatening illness with no cure' has evolved as a 'chronic' condition with a longer time period to address physical, social, and emotional experiences that may concern those living with HIV infection. Chronic conditions create an opportunity for healthcare providers from all types of disciplines to rethink and retool their knowledge and skills, to have conversations with those affected by HIV infection as to what they would ideally want in addressing their care needs; care needs that are now complicated by comorbid conditions of aging and healthcare reimbursement that uniquely intersect with HIV infection. This chapter addresses the current relevance of palliative care in HIV history, both nationally and internationally, and offers ideas for health professionals to use a multidisciplinary integration of knowledge to not just cure but align 'cure and care' toward healing action while being present to others from their perspective and values.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000448566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39980693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Sexual Health, Risk and Prevention. 性健康、风险和预防。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1159/000448559

Teri Aronowitz

引用次数: 2

Disability among Persons Aging with HIV/AIDS. 老年艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的残疾。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1159/000448547

Suzanne G Leveille, Saurja Thapa

{"title":"Disability among Persons Aging with HIV/AIDS.","authors":"Suzanne G Leveille, Saurja Thapa","doi":"10.1159/000448547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000448547","url":null,"abstract":"Persons surviving to older ages with HIV/AIDS often face an accelerated aging accompanied by increased comorbidity and decline in health and function. In this chapter, we review the process of disablement among persons aging with HIV/AIDS, from chronic conditions to impairments and functional limitations, leading to disability. Chronic immune activation related to chronic HIV infection may contribute to early development of chronic conditions that are common in older adults resulting in premature disablement. Anatomical and physiological changes related to the aging process make people vulnerable to physical and cognitive impairments. In old age, quality of life depends mainly on avoidance and management of age-associated diseases rather than chronological parameters. Interventions to manage chronic conditions associated with aging may have a significant impact on quality of life in older persons with HIV infection. Because of the complexity of physical and cognitive impairments among persons aging with HIV infection, a range of supports and interventions will be needed to effectively address the problem of disablement in this population.","PeriodicalId":37866,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000448547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39982429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8