International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances on our understanding of the pathogenesis of Brucellosis","authors":"D. O’Callaghan","doi":"10.14334/PROC.INTSEM.LPVT-2021-P.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/PROC.INTSEM.LPVT-2021-P.3","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is one of the most frequent zoonotic infections in the world.  Bacteria of the genus Brucella can infect a wide range of wild and domestic animals. In small and large ruminants, brucellosis can cause abortion, decreased milk production, infertility and lameness. Infected animals can shed Brucella in their milk, which is a major source of infection for man. In man, brucellosis presents as an influenza like infection which, if not properly diagnosed and treated, can become chronic, localizing in many sites of the body. Brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen it enters and survives and multiplies within host cells. To do this it uses a range of virulence factors. The major virulence factor is the VirB Type IV secretion system, a molecular syringe which injects ‘effector proteins’ which modulate the biology of the infected cell, turning it into a niche permissive for the bacterium to survive and replicate. Control of human brucellosis depends on controlling its source: animal disease. This requires a ‘One Health’ approach with actors in both animal and human health working together. Control measures depend on the levels of incidence of animal brucellosis; surveillance of disease in both the animal and human populations is essential. In endemic situations, mass vaccination is required; followed by vaccination of selected heards and finally test and slaughter as incidence decreases. Three Brucella species, B. melitensis , B. abortus and B. suis are generally associated with human disease. Over recent years a number of new Brucella strains have been identified, from a wide range of mammalian hosts, including cetaceans, seals, monkeys, foxes, small rodents. More recently, atypical strains have been found in amphibians, reptiles and fish.  At present little is known about the zoonotic potential of these atypical strains, however a small number of human infections have been reported. It is possible that they are more common, but are not identified as brucellosis. Brucellosis is one of the most common laboratories acquired infections.  This is generally because the isolate is not correctly identified, and is manipulated without the correct safety procedures. With the availability of new databases, Brucella , even atypical strains can be rapidly and accurately be identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Access to MALDI-TOF MS may be difficult in rural areas and under developed countries. A recently described solvent inactivation protocol allows samples to be sent safely to a central laboratory for testing. Identification to the species level can be performed by PCR.","PeriodicalId":378657,"journal":{"name":"International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123297158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane Mitigation the in vitro Rumen Fermentation using Combination of Bioindustrial Products of Cashew Nutshell","authors":"A. Saenab, K. G. Wiryawan, Y. Retnani, E. Wina","doi":"10.14334/PROC.INTSEM.LPVT-2021-P.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/PROC.INTSEM.LPVT-2021-P.39","url":null,"abstract":"One of the strategies to mitigate methane emissions is by using feed additives derived from plant extracts that contain secondary compounds. The study aimed to mitigate methane and improve other rumen fermentation products by adding  combination of  two bioindustrial products biofat (BF)  and biosmoke (BS) of cashew nut shells in the in vitro study. This experiment used a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were different combinations of biofat and biosmoke as follows: Control= substrate without addition of biofat or biosmoke; BFBS1 = 0%BF: 100%BS; BFBS2 = 25%BF:75%BS; BFBS3 = 50%BF:50%BS; BFBS4 = 75%BF:25%BS; BFBS5 = 100%BF: 0%BS. The variables that observed were: total gas and methane productions, ruminal NH 3 and partial VFA concentrations, DM, OM and NDF degradabilities, The results showed that the CH4 production reduced significantly (P 0.05). In conclusion, the effort to mitigate methane and enhancing other rumen fermentation products was obtained by addition of  the best combination of biofat and biosmoke with the ratio of 75%BF:25%BS as feed additive in the in vitro rumen fermentation","PeriodicalId":378657,"journal":{"name":"International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129176533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of GnRH to litter size, colostrum and milk production in Nulliparous Sapera goat synchronized by PGF2α","authors":"A. Hafid, A. Anggraeni, A. Ishak","doi":"10.14334/PROC.INTSEM.LPVT-2021-P.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/PROC.INTSEM.LPVT-2021-P.21","url":null,"abstract":"Estrous synchronization could become as an alternative to increase the efficiency of reproduction such as PGF2α can be combined with GnRH to optimize reproduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of GnRH hormone to litter size, colostrum and milk production of Sapera goat synchronized by PGF2α hormone. The study used 14 nulliparous Sapera does at the age of one yr. old after reaching sexual maturity. Estrous synchronization was treated by two intramuscular injections using PGF2α (Lutalyse®) at a dose of 1 mL. The treatments were conducted for two different hormone regimens. Group one was injected twice with PGF2α within an 11-d interval (n=6 heads). While group two was injected with GnRH (Ningbo Sansheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) at a dose 0.25 mL on the 9th d. after the 1st injection of PGF2α and before the 2nd injection of this hormone within 11 d. interval (n=8 heads).  Then all goats were mated by natural mating. The research design was by Completely Randomized Design, in which the variables were observed for litter size, colostrum and milk production. The results showed that the does treated with GnRH compared to untreated GnRH resulted in the averages of litter size by 1.33±0.51 vs 1.25±0.46, colostrum production by 350.55±227.06 ml vs 528,33±209.20 mL, and milk production by 624.90±195.43 ml vs. 654.61±166.27 ml, respectively.  The conclusion was that there was no significant difference of both of the does treated with GnRH and without the addition of GnRH on litter size, colostrum, and milk production.","PeriodicalId":378657,"journal":{"name":"International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology","volume":"46 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114038550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Agricultural Commodities ValueChains: How to Collaborate with the Private Sector for the Benefit of Smallholder Farmers","authors":"H. Knipscheer","doi":"10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2018-p.4-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2018-p.4-14","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research and development project interventions have mainly focused on the increase on agricultural productivity. These projects were typically supply-driven and lacked a clear market pull. One solution to this problem is to pursue a demand-led approach which is only possible when private sector stakeholders are actively collaborating. Key is the identification of stakeholders along the value chain. The collaboration with the private sector is referred to as Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). PPPs is a new development assistance model that builds on common interests between private companies, civil society organizations and public-sector agencies. The Partnership for Safe Poultry in Kenya (PSPK) Program is an example of a successful PPP project. Winrock International was the implementing NGO and co-funding was provided by USAID. The goal of PSPK was to promote safe indigenous poultry production and freedom from poultry diseases, generating high levels of income for smallholder families. PSPK facilitated the indigenous poultry sector stakeholders to commonly define sector growth goalsand commit to actions to meet those goals. The project enabled smallholder producers to invest in facilities and appropriate technologies and apply best management practices that increase productivity and profitability, and that assure the biosecurity of their flocks and the safety of poultry meat and eggs. Within two years indigenous Kenyan poultry meat and eggs from bio-secure smallholder flocks became recognized for high its quality and gained a premium value. These added values were being passed on to the producers’ groups. A key instrument wasthe development of 11 bio-secure demonstration farms where chick mortality decreased from about 50% to less than 10%, average price increased by 7.5% per kg of bird live weight, and poultry numbers among the 291 members (57% females) of the demonstration farms increased by as much as 72%. Via these demonstration farms up to 7,000 households have been reached indirectly. The project proved that a previously ignored smallholder livestock sector can be turned around and become a profitable business.","PeriodicalId":378657,"journal":{"name":"International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133972465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AdaptationandMitigationof Animal Agricultureto Climate Change","authors":"Stefain Muetzel","doi":"10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2018-p.15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2018-p.15-19","url":null,"abstract":"Globally agriculture contributes around 24% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and a large proportion of these emissions is methane stemming from enteric fermentation in ruminants. Climate change is no longer a distant threat; it appears to be happening right now and is evident by an increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Agricultural practices will have to change as animals must be sheltered from these events. Adaptation might be as simple as the provision of shade, but may also mean that ruminants have to adapt to different diets driven by invading species that are more suited to the changed climatic conditions. However, while adaptation will need to happen, the scientifically more challenging task will be to mitigate the effects that ruminants have on the climate. Generally, these approaches can be divided into two main areas. One is to identify nature’s solutions to lower methane emissions by screening for low methane ruminants and low methane feeds. The other is to decrease the abundance of methane producing organisms or divert their substrates into other products. Improved efficiency can be achieved by better feeding or improving animal health and fertility. Efficiency gains can lead to an overall decrease in emissions, but can also lead to an increase if the current animal numbers are maintained or increased because of improved farm practices. Adaptation to climate change is unavoidable, but there needs to be a careful balance of mitigation strategies and efficiency gains to reduce the burden of agriculture on climate change.","PeriodicalId":378657,"journal":{"name":"International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122572463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphism Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) Gene in Bali Cattle","authors":"A. Alwiyah, H. Nuraini, P. P. Agung, J. Jakaria","doi":"10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2018-p.32-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2018-p.32-39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378657,"journal":{"name":"International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130699090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Asia Climate Policy Hub: Prioritizing Climate Smart Livestock Interventions for Indonesia","authors":"Godefroy Grosjean, S. Douxchamps, Traore Sa","doi":"10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2018-p.20-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2018-p.20-24","url":null,"abstract":"Both climate change and population increase are putting pressure on natural resources, and livestock production must therefore become more and more efficient. CIAT has developed an action plan in five steps to ensure sustainable and profitable livestock production in Indonesia. First, climate smart livestock profiling provides an initial prioritization of climate smart technologies and identifies barriers to adoption and reviews the policy and institutional environment. A landscape approach is then used to characterize risk and vulnerability of livestock systems, and map promising techniques to particular landscape units. Third, climate smart villages piloting are established for contrasting agroecological zones, and participatory action research is used to test innovative and resource efficient production systems, both on a biophysical and economic point of view. This is followed by a cost-benefit analysis to assess economic costs and benefits for business-as-usual approaches compared to scenarios where climate-smart practices are adopted. Finally in the fifth step, CIAT develops with its country partners a climate smart investment plan, where potential impacts of the new practices on food security, water use and greenhouse gas emissions are modelled until 2050. The five steps action plan would allow Indonesia to increase profitability and efficiency of its livestock sector.","PeriodicalId":378657,"journal":{"name":"International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121506938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}