{"title":"Early Utilitarians","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Bentham on measurement of utility has a rich set of ideas. Edgeworth follows Bentham and contemporary psychophysics. Mill adds less than is usually supposed. Jevons ducks the issue. There are different stances taken toward interpersonal comparisons.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134609850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of Convention","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Interpersonal comparisons of utility can be conventional. Alternative conventions are possible. The (conventional) aggregate utility can be used for equilibrium selection. This solves the old Utilitarian problem of conflict between maximizing individual and group utility. Conditions on an equilibration dynamics leading to such a convention are given.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129201026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harsanyi and Utilitarianism","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Harsanyi gives a representation theorem for Utilitarianism within the von Neumann-Morgenstern framework. Utilitarianism is, in a sense, reborn on ordinal foundations. But there is a catch.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126138522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement Essentials in a Nutshell","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"A quick introduction to scales of measurement, ordinal, interval, ratio, and absolute, and related issues of meaningfulness as invariance.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125286924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jeremy Bentham","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Bentham used Utilitarian thinking to successfully drive social reform. He had a rich, unfinished, set of ideas about measurement of pleasure and pain.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115784742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Where Do We Stand?","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"What is Utilitarianism? The answer is not obvious, and without and answer much that has been written about Utilitarianism is not meaningful. But measurement of hedonic value of episodes on a ratio scale opens up possibilities various kinds of product utilitarianism without interpersonal comparisons. And equilibration dynamics opens up the possibility of conventional interpersonal comparisons, and the use of the Utilitarian sum.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127578781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Chance to Measure Utility","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This discusses the von Neumann-Morgenstern representation theorem. Preference orderings over chancy prospects are used to measure utility on an interval scale. Ramsey’s earlier theorem from the 1920s is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128290349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modern Measurement","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive measurement from Helmholtz and Holder is the standard physical account. It gives a ratio scale. Stevens introduces interval and ordinal scales. Scott and Suppes give a representational foundation to Stevens’ scales. Suppes, Zinnes, Luce and Narens analyse meaningfulness.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117333394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Product Utilitarianism and an Old-New Way to Measure Utility","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"A theory of hedonic episodes is given. A representation theorem is given, which measures utility on a ratio scale.For aggregation of pleasures for a group, the product of individual utilities is meaningful without interpersonal comparisons. Common “counterexamples” to Utilitarianism turn out not to be meaningful. There are two distinct kinds of group expected utility: one violates group rationality, the other violates Pareto dominance.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126090886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Pursuit of Happiness","authors":"L. Narens, B. Skyrms","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Utilitarianism began as a movement for social reform that changed the world. To understand Utilitarianism, we must understand utility – how is it to be measured, and how aggregate utility of a group can be understood. The authors, a cognitive scientist and a philosopher, pursue these questions from Bentham to the present, examining psychophysics, positivism, measurement theory, meaningfulness, neuropsychology, representation theorems, and dynamics of formation of conventions.","PeriodicalId":378445,"journal":{"name":"The Pursuit of Happiness","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129536940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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