A. Al-Saegh, T. Elwi, O. Abdullah, A. Sali, A. H. Aljumaily
{"title":"Rainfall Effect on Satellite Communications in Mosul at Frequencies above 10 GHz","authors":"A. Al-Saegh, T. Elwi, O. Abdullah, A. Sali, A. H. Aljumaily","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768738","url":null,"abstract":"The rain-induced attenuation has a significant impact on the satellite communication services. Consequently, the prediction of rainfall-induced attenuation is considered a vital step in evaluating earth/sky communication links for frequencies above 10 GHz. This paper presents a strategy for the frequencies above 10 GHz to predict and evaluate the output of the satellite connection during rainfall in Mosul. The measurements from these studies will be a preliminary design benchmark in Mosul for satellite communication links and provide microwave engineers with a comprehensive idea of rain-induced attenuation and communication efficiency. The results demonstrate that there is a major shift in the link performances output propagated by the raindrops. The proposed model is a practical approach based on actual measured rainfall rate to predict the characteristics of the earth/sky channel.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131502005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wan Nur Izzaty Ismail, Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid, Mardina Abdullah
{"title":"Impact of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation on the EEJ Intensity","authors":"Wan Nur Izzaty Ismail, Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid, Mardina Abdullah","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768721","url":null,"abstract":"The equatorial electrojet (EEJ) current intensity measured by three satellites at different levels of solar activity and seasons were investigated based on quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) phases. The data used in this study were provided by CHAMP, Swarm A and Swarm B satellites that cover the period of 2000 to 2010 (CHAMP) and 2011 to 2017 (Swarm). The analysis was performed using quiet days data. The EEJ data were categorized based on the QBO phases (eastward and westward) and two different pressure which are 20 hPa and 50 hPa at two solar activity levels; minimum (P =70) and maximum (P =180). The analysis reveals that, the EEJ intensity is stronger at higher level of QBO pressure. This study also reported that at high pressure level, QBO westward are dominant at almost all solar activity levels and seasons. This study is important in order to understand any disturbances in ionosphere that may interfere with communication technology on Earth.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122341784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sura Khalil Ibrahim, S. Al‐Bawri, Mandeep S. J. Singh, Husam Hamid Ibrahim, Mohammad Tausiful Islam
{"title":"A High Gain and Low Cross-Polarization Compact Slotted Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication Applications","authors":"Sura Khalil Ibrahim, S. Al‐Bawri, Mandeep S. J. Singh, Husam Hamid Ibrahim, Mohammad Tausiful Islam","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768679","url":null,"abstract":"Using a slotted feed line and proximity coupled feeding method, a lightweight slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna with high gain and minimal cross-polarization properties for 5G wireless applications is proposed. The proposed model operates in sub-6GHz band with frequency span of 3.5GHz, whereas the exhibits bandwidth is 206 MHz. A compact slotted patch size with 32×25.7 mm2 is etching on the top layer of low permittivity PCB board whereas full ground is applied on the back side of the second layer. Besides, a series of rectangular slots are applied in the middle layer to increase the impedance bandwidth, gain, efficiency, and decrease reflection coefficient. The overall dimensions are 43.36×35×1.575 mm3. Moreover, the overall performance is improved by using above mentioned slotted strip, such as the radiation efficiency with 83% as well as the gain increased up to 6.58 dBi. The reflection coefficient (S11) of this antenna configuration is -28.774 dB, respectively, with a -70.6 dBi of low cross-polarization.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128773853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstruction of Mirror Structures in the Magnetosheath Observed by MMS Spacecraft","authors":"Teh Wai Leong","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768707","url":null,"abstract":"Mirror structures are a by-product of mirror-mode instability in the collisionless plasma with pressure anisotropy of p⊥ > p||. The subscripts 1 and || denote the components perpendicular and parallel to the local magnetic field. Mirror structures are of a compressible magnetic field structure, in which the magnetic field strength is anti-correlated with the plasma density. A two-dimensional reconstruction technique is recently developed successfully to recover steady, magnetohydrostatic coherent structures with pressure anisotropy, using magnetic field and plasma data from a single spacecraft. This paper presented reconstruction maps of mirror structures in the Earth’s magnetosheath observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. A series of magnetic bottle-like structures was recovered, and its invariant axis was nearly perpendicular to the average magnetic field. The width of the magnetic trough was ~2000 km, while the separation between two troughs within the same flux tube was ~8000 km. The mirror structures were more or less aligned with the average magnetic field projected on the reconstruction plane.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Forecasting the Critical Frequency of the Ionospheric F2 Layer","authors":"Nabilla Risal, M. J. Homam","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768778","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review considered journals published over the last five years as primary references in the field of forecasting ionospheric F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) under quiet and disturbed conditions using neural networks and particle swarm optimisation algorithm. The literature was extracted on the basis of the search results and then divided into two major domains: principles of ionospheric critical frequency and methods for forecasting foF2. The proposed differentiation enables future research on factors that affect the variability of foF2 and on techniques used in foF2 prediction, such as empirical and neural network models. Thus, neural networks can be used to investigate and develop improved foF2 models","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127096046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R. Isa, M. Jusoh, T. Sabapathy, M. Kamarudin, Mohamed Nasrun Osman, H. A. Bakar, M. Tariqul Islam, M. Alaydrus
{"title":"Analysis of Aperture Coupled Circular Patch Antenna for Mid-Band 5G","authors":"S. R. Isa, M. Jusoh, T. Sabapathy, M. Kamarudin, Mohamed Nasrun Osman, H. A. Bakar, M. Tariqul Islam, M. Alaydrus","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768720","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design analysis of a compact circular patch antenna. The proposed antennas are excited through an aperture coupled feeding technique. The design of the antenna has been implemented using CST software. The analysis is done based on the antenna simulation output parameter. The reflection coefficient, gain, and radiation pattern is discussed in this work. At resonance frequency of 3.5 GHz, the circular patch aperture coupled fed antenna is managed to get the high gain, good bandwidth, and minimum reflection coefficient (S11). The proposed antenna has high gain of 8.01 dBi and a sufficient bandwidth requirement for mid-band 5G applications.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127879446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Cost Dual Mode Phased Array Antenna In Ka Band Frequency For Feeder Link Satellite Communication","authors":"Haider Haider, Eryana Hussin, N. Sahar","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768315","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a compact low-cost dual mode, Circular polarization mode and Linear polarization mode, phased array antenna for satellite applications is presented in different configurations. Circle Taylor and square Gaussian, where linear or circular polarization modes are possible to be used by the same antenna array. The phased array is designed using Inventor CAD software, then simulated and also parametrically studied using CST software. A circularly polarized mode was achieved with 25.5 dBi realized gain with a side lobe level of minus 18 dB. A linear polarization mode was achieved with a gain of 28.9 dBi and a side lobe level of minus 13.3 dB while it’s using, only, half of the array elements.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124591145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Fatin Irdina Zulhamidi, M. Abdullah, Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid, Khairul Adib Yusof
{"title":"Possible Earthquake Precursors Observed in Geomagnetic Variations in the East Coast of Honshu, Japan","authors":"Nur Fatin Irdina Zulhamidi, M. Abdullah, Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid, Khairul Adib Yusof","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768687","url":null,"abstract":"The application of electromagnetic signals in earthquake study has been demonstrated by previous researchers by monitoring the geomagnetic variations. This prospective study sought to enhance the reliability of earthquake forecasting, by extending the study to a non-seismological area since the previous studies were mainly focused more in the seismological area. A case-study approach was conducted in this study by utilizing the diurnal variation range ratio (DVRR) method. Five earthquake events that occurred between January 2005 and December 2016 in the vicinity of the east coast of Honshu, Japan were observed. The anomalies were detected as early as 60 days to 1 day prior to the earthquake events. All geomagnetic N, E, and Z-components showed anomalous behavior during the quiet days but with temporal lags between the components. It can be concluded that the anomalies were not related to global geomagnetic disturbances and might be associated with the respective earthquake events. The diurnal range of geomagnetic variations were also influenced by the focal mechanism since the events with reversed faulting showed increasing geomagnetic variations, meanwhile only one event with normal faulting shows the mixture of increase and decrease of geomagnetic variations diurnal range prior to the earthquakes. Future studies will be conducted to correlate with seismo-ionospheric response and physical ground movement prior to the events.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116881341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Aina Izzati Binti Yacob, Amir Sharifuddin Bin Ab Latip, Saiful Aman Bin Haji Sulaiman
{"title":"Crop Monitoring of Paddy Field Using Landsat 8 OLI","authors":"Nur Aina Izzati Binti Yacob, Amir Sharifuddin Bin Ab Latip, Saiful Aman Bin Haji Sulaiman","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768684","url":null,"abstract":"Rice production of paddy fields is the main source of food for the Malaysian and thus the stability of the production is important for the food security program. Therefore, monitoring of its availability become the main agenda of Malaysia. In this study, the vegetation index parameters of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were derived from multispectral remote sensing images and used to produce health crop maps. The Landsat 8 images with 30 m resolution were acquired in the study area of the paddy field in Sabak Bernam. The data was then processed using Erdas Imagine and ArcGIS Pro to estimate NDVI and SAVI values and generate the health crop maps, respectively. The results show that the standard deviation of the difference between NDVI and SAVI was highest in October at 0.07, while the lowest in February of 0.02. It indicates that the capabilities of NDVI and SAVI were different in extracting the values of vegetation indices in high vegetation areas. The values of NDVI and SAVI range from -1 to +1 which the value of -1 indicates the dead vegetation; meanwhile, the value of 1 shows the healthiest vegetation.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121769133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodalyn A. Balajadia, A. L. S. Domingo, E. Macalalad
{"title":"Variations of Precipitable Water Vapor Associated with TY Haima in 2016 over the Philippines using Global Navigation Satellite System","authors":"Rodalyn A. Balajadia, A. L. S. Domingo, E. Macalalad","doi":"10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconspace53224.2021.9768739","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in precipitable water vapor (PWV) can be used to investigate a typhoon (TY). In this paper, TY Haima along the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) were investigated using GNSS-derived PWV of two stations, PBAT and PBAS, in Luzon along with other relevant atmospheric parameters. The results show that TY’s regions are reflected in PWV variations. As TY Haima approached and left the two stations, their recorded PWV values increased and decreased which are consistent with results of other studies [4] [5] [10] but with positive difference of PWV values between the two, indicating that different regions of the TY hit the two stations, with PBAT having higher and lower PWV values than PBAS before and after the TY hit. Using distance calculated between the eye of the TY and the two stations, pressure and rainfall data, it was deduced that PBAT is nearer to the eye of the TY than PBAS, suggesting that a station nearer to the eye of the TY will have higher PWVs than a station in a different region of the TY.","PeriodicalId":378366,"journal":{"name":"2021 7th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)","volume":"41 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117352369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}