Datong Chen, H. Fetterman, B. Tsap, Antao Chen, W. Steier, L. Dalton, Wenshen Wang, Yongqiang Shi
{"title":"Next Generation Ultra-High Frequency Integrated EO Modulators","authors":"Datong Chen, H. Fetterman, B. Tsap, Antao Chen, W. Steier, L. Dalton, Wenshen Wang, Yongqiang Shi","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.fc.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.fc.1","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of traveling wave modulators made from electrooptic polymer materials have now been extended to over 110 GHz using high frequency commercial probes. An optical heterodyne detection system (figure 1) has been developed to characterize those devices at high frequencies. The use of both YAG and tunable semiconductor lasers (tunable range of 8 THz) has helped to improve the detection range and sensitivity of the system. The frequency response of the system was limited only by the operation of our coplanar connecting probes.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122583192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Usui, H. Kikuchi, K. Tanaka, S. Miyata, T. Watanabe, W. Knoll, H. Bock
{"title":"Ionization-assisted Deposition of Polyurea Thin Films for NLO Applications","authors":"H. Usui, H. Kikuchi, K. Tanaka, S. Miyata, T. Watanabe, W. Knoll, H. Bock","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.the.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.the.22","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric material needs a poling process to align the dipole moment for activating optical nonlinearity. The major problem is the relaxation of dipole orientation, which is to be solved by designing a molecular structure of higher rigidity. However, it leads to a contradiction that the thermally stable polymer, like the linear main-chain NLO polymer, is difficult to align the dipole orientation by the poling procedure. This paper will propose a new concept in film formation of NLO polymer, integrating the dipole orientation process with the polymerization and film deposition. The authors have investigated the film formation of organic materials by using the ionization-assisted deposition method. It is a unique method that involves the ionization of evaporated material in the course of vacuum deposition, and grows the films with an assistance of the ionized particles that are accelerated toward the substrate. It is reported that polymeric thin films can be synthesized on the substrate surface by co-deposition of bifunctional monomers. If the polymerization proceeds under an electric field, the dipole orientation could take place much effectively, because the electric field influences the highly mobile monomers. Our objective is to control the dipole orientation in the film formation process by utilizing the electric field that is generated by the substrate bias voltage and by the electric charge carried by the deposition ions. Polyurea (PU) was chosen for the film material because of its thermal stability and optical transparency. Moreover, its dipole moment is built in the backbone, making this material attractive as a stable optical nonlinear material.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127495990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Singer, S. F. Hubbard, R. Petschek, N. D'Sidocky, C. Hudson, L. Chien, C. Henderson, P.A. Cahill
{"title":"“Quadrupoling” for Second Order Nonlinear Optics","authors":"K. Singer, S. F. Hubbard, R. Petschek, N. D'Sidocky, C. Hudson, L. Chien, C. Henderson, P.A. Cahill","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.thc.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.thc.3","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving noncentrosymmetric order for second-order nonlinear optical materials has been a continuing focus of research. Monomolecular layer deposition and electric field poling of polymers have been favored approaches to generating noncentrosymmetric polymeric and organic materials.1 In this case, the alignment exploits the vector part of the molecular hyperpolarizability tensor which is optimized in donor and acceptor substituted conjugated molecules. The principles behind the nonlinearities, both molecular and macroscopic are well-known, and considerable work has been directed at optimizing them. More recently, it has been pointed out that the octupolar hyperpolarizability component is ubiquitous and can be as large or larger than the vector part with appropriate molecular design.2","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114952836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Flom, R. Pong, J. Shirk, F. J. Bartoli, A. Snow
{"title":"Optical Limiting Mechanisms in a Neat Liquid Phthalocyanine Thin Film","authors":"S. Flom, R. Pong, J. Shirk, F. J. Bartoli, A. Snow","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.tha.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.tha.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes some of the novel physical, photophysical, and optical properties of a new material, lead tetrakis-(β-ethyl-terminated-polyethyleneoxide)phthalocyanine (PbPc(β-PEO)4). These novel properties were achieved by molecular engineering of the long polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains. In the material described here, the PEO side chains are O(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH3 and have an average molecular weight of 350 implying that n=7. PbPc(β-PEO)4 is a viscous liquid in the pure form. It readily forms thin films of high optical quality by capillary action. By comparison, the usual unsubstituted phthalocyanine forms polycrystalline thin films that sublime only at temperatures above 400C. The feature of this material most important to our group is that this neat liquid maintains many of the photophysical properties of the phthalocyanine electronic system. Here we emphasize the physical properties that are useful for optical limiting applications.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128931438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling Relaxation Mechanisms in Nonlinear Optical Polymer Films","authors":"K. Singer, R. Dureiko","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.wb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.wb.1","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal and temporal relaxation of polar order in polymeric electro-optic materials remains an important problem in the realization of these materials in applications. Fortunately, much progress has occurred in the development of more stable high- temperature materials. These developments, however, require that a regime for accelerated testing be established. Thus, measurement techniques and associated models which can connect the time and temperature behavior of new materials need to be refined. To this end, we report here on progress in the development of a new frequency domain technique for measurement, as well as progress on the development of a widely applicable model for chromophore orientational relaxation.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127950710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yamamoto, T. Kamata, K. Yase, Y. Yoshida, F. Mizukami, T. Ohta
{"title":"Fabrication of the One-Dimensional Superlattice in the Epitaxially Grown Film of Platinum Dioxime Complexes","authors":"K. Yamamoto, T. Kamata, K. Yase, Y. Yoshida, F. Mizukami, T. Ohta","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.the.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.the.10","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of studies have been done for multiple quantum wells of inorganic semiconductor, because confined electronic system in a thin layer shows various properties essential for optoelectronic application. Since the quantum size effect increases when the electron system approaches lower dimension, fabrication of higher order confined structures has been attempted to advance the properties. On the other hand, there are many substances having one-dimensional structure in the nature. It can be thought that the one-dimensionality is prospective to realize a higher order confined system.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"388 5-6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120891204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Grebel, J. L. Graziani, S. Vijayalakshmi, L. Shacklette, K. Stengel, L. Eldada, R. Norwood, J. Yardley
{"title":"Self-Imaging Holographic Optical Waveguides","authors":"H. Grebel, J. L. Graziani, S. Vijayalakshmi, L. Shacklette, K. Stengel, L. Eldada, R. Norwood, J. Yardley","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.fb.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.fb.4","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic structures exhibit an effect known as self-imaging[1-3]. The complex, amplitude distribution of the field, u(x,y,z) is self-similar such that, u(x,y,z) = u(x,y,z + L\u0000 s\u0000 ). Here we address self-imaging by use of transverse gratings which extend throughout the entire waveguide (Figure 1). By use of photolithographic techniques in photopolymers, one has a simple means to match waves having dissimilar propagation constants without much loss.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126723304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A stochastic model for chromophore disorientation in guest-host nonlinear optical polymer system","authors":"S.J. Lee, G. Medvedev, J. Caruthers, H. Lackritz","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.wb.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.wb.2","url":null,"abstract":"The temporal and thermal stability of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of polymers doped with optically active chromophores has been studied by many researchers [1] because of its importance to predict the long term performance of these systems for practical applications. Until recently most of these efforts were focused on attempting to fit experimental data to empirical functions, such as stretched exponential [2] or lognormal [3], with no direct mechanistic interpretation of the parameters. It has been established that the decay of the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal after poling is clearly nonexponential, and its characteristics depend, in a complex manner, on processing and thermal history. Whereas there is general agreement that the complex character of the decay in NLO properties is caused by the coupling of the chromophores disorientation to the structural relaxation of the polymer matrix, the mechanism of this coupling is poorly understood. This research involves the application of a stochastic model, recently developed by our group, for structural relaxation in glasses [4] in order to describe orientational relaxation of chromophore particles, which is responsible for SHG decay in chromophore doped polymer glasses.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125434366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Third-order nonlinear optical property of platinum group metal complexes with square planar configurations","authors":"T. Kodzasa, H. Ushijima, H. Matsuda, T. Kamata","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.the.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.the.1","url":null,"abstract":"The developments of novel materials having large third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) and fast response give a considerable interest as the key subjects for future optoelectronic technology. It was proved in former researches that the large low dimensional delocalization field for optically excited electron is effective for large χ(3) value. Third-order optical nonlinearities of many materials, mainly inorganic semiconductors or organic conjugated polymers, have been investigated. Many inorganic materials have studied for their large χ(3) and thermal stability. On the other hands, organic nonlinear optical materials also have been noted, because they have advantages of fast optical response, architectural flexibility and ease of fabrication.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130898689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Return Loss Measurements for the Determination of Critical Materials Parameters for Polymer Optical Waveguides","authors":"R. Norwood","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.the.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.the.19","url":null,"abstract":"There is a significant amount commercial and research activity currently centered around the deployment of various optical networks, including wavelength division multiplexing systems1 and passive optical networks. Recently, there has been increased effort devoted to investigating the use of polymers as the materials for passive components in these systems, such as wavelength division multiplexers2 and splitters. Low loss polymer single-mode waveguides have been demonstrated in a number of systems to this point3,4 and it is likely that components with sufficiently low insertion loss will be available in the near future.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130460054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}