M. Roberts, J. Stenger-Smith, P. Zarras, R. Hollins, M. Nadler, A. Chafin, K. Wynne, G. Lindsay
{"title":"Nonlinear Optical Films from Pairwise-Deposited Semi-ionomeric Syndioregic Polymers","authors":"M. Roberts, J. Stenger-Smith, P. Zarras, R. Hollins, M. Nadler, A. Chafin, K. Wynne, G. Lindsay","doi":"10.1021/BK-1998-0695.CH020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BK-1998-0695.CH020","url":null,"abstract":"Processing polymers near room temperature to produce all-polymeric nonlinear optical films has important advantages [1]. For example, the Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn (LBK) technique offers control over final film thickness to within one monolayer. Also, materials may be precisely located within the film to control properties for purposes such as phase matching of the fundamental and second harmonic waveguide modes [2].","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116929068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Hendrickx, B. Volodin, D. Steele, J. Maldonado, J. Wang, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian
{"title":"Phase stability of guest/host photorefractive polymers studied by light scattering experiments","authors":"E. Hendrickx, B. Volodin, D. Steele, J. Maldonado, J. Wang, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian","doi":"10.1063/1.119612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.119612","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, we developed plasticized guest-host photorefractive polymers with a glass transition temperature below room temperature.1 However, in these guest/host polymers a gradual crystallization of the chromophores (50% wt.) limits the shelf lifetime of the samples. The lifetime of DMNPAA(2,5-dimethyl-4-(p-nitrophenylazo) anisole) : PVK(poly-vinylcarbazole) : ECZ(N-ethylcarbazole) : TNF(tri-nitrofluorenone) samples with 50% wt. of DMNPAA was found to vary between a few hours and a few months depending on the starting materials and the processing conditions. Here we present a new guest/host photorefractive composite based on isomeric mixtures of the chromophore NPADVBB (4-(4’-nitrophenylazo)l,3-di[(3”or 4”-vinyl)benzyloxy] benzene). These composites exhibit a performance level that is identical to that of DMNPAA-based samples but have an estimated shelf lifetime of several years at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128653967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Beljonne, J. Brédas, B. Cumpston, J. Ehrlich, L. Erskine, A. Heikal, Z. Hu, T. Kogej, I. Y. Lee, S. Marder, J. Perry, H. Rockel, S. Thayumanavan, X. Wu
{"title":"Nonlinear Spectroscopy and Applications of Two-Photon Absorbing Molecules","authors":"D. Beljonne, J. Brédas, B. Cumpston, J. Ehrlich, L. Erskine, A. Heikal, Z. Hu, T. Kogej, I. Y. Lee, S. Marder, J. Perry, H. Rockel, S. Thayumanavan, X. Wu","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.tha.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.tha.3","url":null,"abstract":"Molecules exhibiting strong two-photon absorption hold great potential for a wide range of applications including: two-photon fluorescence microscopy, three-dimensional (3D) optical data storage, 3D microfabrication, and optical limiting. (1-4) From a fundamental point of view, knowledge of molecular two-photon spectra and structure/property relationships are also important for a more complete understanding of the third order polarizabilities of conjugated molecules. However, very little is known or understood about two-photon states and spectra of conjugated molecules or how they correlate with structure. We have observed large two-photon absorptivities in bis-donor diphenylpolyene derivatives, that appears to be correlated to simultaneous charge transfer from the end groups to the pi-conjugated bridge in the molecule. These molecules are also excellent photoexcitable electron donors that can initiate charge-transfer reactions. In initial applications of these materials we have demonstrated their use in two-photon initiation of polymerization and optical limiting.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125007799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polarization-Insensitive Digital Optical Switch Using an Electro-Optic Polymer Rib Waveguide","authors":"Sang‐Shin Lee, Sang-Yung Shin","doi":"10.1049/EL:19970210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/EL:19970210","url":null,"abstract":"The digital optical switch (DOS) based on lithium niobate, semiconductors, and thermooptic polymers [1,2] has attracted much attention as a promising guided-wave switching device. Its advantages include wavelength-insensitive operation and relaxed fabrication tolerance. The guided-wave device in electro-optic (EO) polymers [3] has a small velocity mismatch and a low dielectric constant that are favorable for high-speed operation and small coupling loss to the fiber. Recently, we fabricated an EO polymer DOS with photobleached waveguides [4]. Though the DOS operates independent of the wavelength, but it is not polarization independent since the waveguide fabricated by using photobleaching (PB) method can not support TE modes [3].","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116650476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One and Two Photon Induced Photodegradation of DANS Films","authors":"Qiang Zhang, M. Canva, G. Stegeman","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.wc.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.wc.5","url":null,"abstract":"Dye doped solids have been investigated for a decade for non-linear optical applications, especially for integrated optics. In some areas, their “single shot” performance has now reached levels which compete with the best ferroelectrics materials and thus encourages their practical usage. However, a key question remains to be answered : how stable is their performance with time when used in given devices and under operational conditions ?","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127284035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Harper, M. He, Fang Wang, Jinghong Chen, Jingsong Zhu, Sam S. Sun, L. Dalton, Antao Chen, S. Garner, A. Yacoubian, W. Steier, Datong Chen, H. Fetterman
{"title":"Recent Advances in the Translation of Large Microscopic Nonlinearities to Large Macroscopic Nonlinearities in Electro-Optic Polymer Films","authors":"A. Harper, M. He, Fang Wang, Jinghong Chen, Jingsong Zhu, Sam S. Sun, L. Dalton, Antao Chen, S. Garner, A. Yacoubian, W. Steier, Datong Chen, H. Fetterman","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.fc.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.fc.4","url":null,"abstract":"Typical electro-optic polymers are characterized by second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores arranged polar-asymmetrically in an amorphous polymer matrix. It is believed that the electro-optic activity of workhorse NLO chromophores (e.g., DANS and Disperse Red) are of insufficient magnitude to be viable candidates for commercial device-quality materials.1 Consequently, much effort has been directed in the past few years toward the development of chromophores with device-quality magnitudes of molecular optical nonlinearities. Unfortunately, the translation of these so-called high-β chromophores to the expected bulk electro-optic activities in polymers generally has not been achieved. Recently, we have shown that this lack of electro-optic activity is due primarily to strong intermolecular electrostatic interactions between chromophores, which tend to align the chromophores in an antiparallel fashion, resulting in no net polar asymmetry in the bulk material.2,3","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115200814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear Optical Chromophores Containing Fused Terthiophene As A New Type of Electron Relay","authors":"O. Kim, A. Fort, M. Barzoukas, J. Lehn","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.fa.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.fa.3","url":null,"abstract":"Thiophene-based D-A molecules have been actively sought recently, exploiting interesting results indicating that the incorporation of a thiophene unit or the replacement of a phenylene moiety by thienylene in the relay of a D-A molecule enhanced the molecular hyperpolarizability (μβ(0)) significantly (1-3). Accordingly, it is expected that oligothiophenes give a larger contribution to the μβ(0) compared to oligophenylenes. As in the case of polyenes, the rigidification of thiophenes (by cyclization) has also been known to enhance charge-transfer in push-pull D-A molecules, as indicated by a bathochromic shift of absorption bands and a stronger solvatochromism compared to the flexible counterpart (4,5). A further indication for the effectiveness of fused thiophenes as relay is demonstrated by the fact that their absorption maxima increase linearly with the number of rings up to five (6). Aside from the electronic features, another merit of thiophenes is their inherent thermal stability from which thiophene-containing chromophores will benefit (2,3).","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115558547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mode Coupling Effects in Plastic Optical Fibers","authors":"G. Jiang, R. Shi, A. Garito","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.thb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.thb.1","url":null,"abstract":"In optical fibers for data transmission applications, a most important characteristic along with total attenuation is the optical bandwidth that defines the limit of information carrying capacity.1 Besides compensation for modal dispersion through a parabola-like graded index profile, mode coupling is a mechanism important to increased fiber bandwidth performance. Mode coupling changes the length dependence of the bandwidth, or equivalently, the inverse pulse broadening, from linear to square root behavior, usually through extrinsic features which might include micro bends, diameter variations, micro voids, cracks etc. In this paper, we report the observations of mode coupling effects in plastic optical fibers (POFs) using time-domain bandwidth measurements of high quality step index (SI) POF.2-4 Our results are directly verified by independent measurements of the far-field radiation patterns.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114271149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Matsumoto, Y. Sugiyama, S. Sakata, Takayoshi Hayashi
{"title":"Electro-optic Effect and Propagation Loss in Polymer Films Containing Nano-sized Droplets of Liquid Crystal","authors":"S. Matsumoto, Y. Sugiyama, S. Sakata, Takayoshi Hayashi","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.thc.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.thc.5","url":null,"abstract":"Droplets of liquid crystal (LC) have been energetically investigated during the last ten years.(1) Most of the research has aimed at making use of scattering(2) and diffraction,(3) which occurs either at the surface of individual droplets or at the surface of a layer consisting of many droplets. The droplets were mostly micro-sized. Our aim, however, is to make use of nano-sized LC droplets for active optical devices such as optical switches or tunable filters. The surfaces of nano-sized LC droplets are too small to scatter light, so the total intensity of transmitted light is not changed, but the phase or polarization can be controlled by the birefringence generated by the response of nano-sized LC droplets to an electric field shown in Figure 1. There have been only a few works(4) including ours,5) which have similar aims. We have already reported the preparation of droplets about 50 nm in diameter and shown they respond to an electric field. In this work, we prepared the polymers containing nano-sized LC droplets by various conditions and measured their electro-optic effect, propagation loss, and response time.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122090987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Johal, L. Smilowitz, J. M. Robinson, D. Mcbranch, D.Q. Li, W. S. Yang, Y. W. Cao, X. Chai, Y. S. Jiang, T. J. Li
{"title":"Spontaneously Self-Assembled Polar Multilayers With High Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity","authors":"M. Johal, L. Smilowitz, J. M. Robinson, D. Mcbranch, D.Q. Li, W. S. Yang, Y. W. Cao, X. Chai, Y. S. Jiang, T. J. Li","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1997.the.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.the.17","url":null,"abstract":"Ordered molecular assemblies can lead to materials with extremely high second-order non-linear optical (NLO) properties [1] with applications in technologies such as optoelectronics [2] and permanent magnetism [3]. Although organic molecules with high nonlinearities are well known, it has been difficult to design bulk materials in which the molecules are highly ordered with the same orientation. In this work, we use second harmonic generation (SHG) to determine the second-order nonlinear coefficient (d33) of a spontananeously self-assembled, polar multilayer film (Figure 1) grown by drop casting on a silica substrate. Using ellipsometry to measure film thickness, the average molecular orientation of the chromophores is also determined.","PeriodicalId":378320,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129024104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}