Global Discourse最新文献

{"title":"The place and potential of crisis/crises in critical studies on men and masculinities","authors":"J. Hearn","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16334429502843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16334429502843","url":null,"abstract":"This article derives from considering the interrelations of two sets of long-term international work: that on interdisciplinary crisis studies and that on critical studies on men and masculinities. More specifically, it interrogates the place and potential of crisis and crises in the politics and problematics of men and masculinities, including how crisis can be a driver of critical studies on men and masculinities. Further to this, four main forms of deployment of crisis within critical studies on men and masculinities are interrogated. There is a wellelaborated debate on what has come to be called ‘the crisis of masculinity’. Interestingly, this takes very different shapes, sometimes even opposite constructions, in different parts of the world and within different discourses. Even with this diversity, crisis is often presented as ‘fact’, identity and a result of ‘role confusion’ for boys, young men and men around what it might mean to be a boy and man in contemporary times. This approach contrasts with those foregrounding more endogenous crisis tendencies, first, within patriarchal relations and then of gender itself, with associated deconstructions of men and masculinity. Meanwhile, within critical studies on men and masculinities, there has been a relative neglect, at least until recently, of large-scale global crises. Key examples include financial crisis, political crisis, ecological crisis and pandemic crisis. In short, there appears to have been over-recognition of the ‘crisis of masculinity’, some recognition of crisis tendencies of patriarchal relations and of gender, and under-recognition of crises created or reinforced largely by certain men and masculinities globally and transnationally.","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86005127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Politics, economics and metaphors: a reply to ‘Fairness, generosity and conditionality in the welfare system: the case of UK disability benefits’ by Johnson and Nettle","authors":"Jenny Morris","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16367189753945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16367189753945","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p> </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80280844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and precarious housing: paying guest accommodation in a metropolitan Indian city","authors":"S. Marella, K. Priya, Pooja Vincia D’Souza","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16322867806753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16322867806753","url":null,"abstract":"Paying guest accommodations are an informal, yet organically organised, segment of the rental housing market in India. Offering inexpensive housing, paying guest accommodations mainly cater to young adults who migrate to cities, primarily for education or employment. However, this affordability and viability often comes at the cost of decent living conditions. The COVID-19-induced lockdown has exacerbated the precariousness of such accommodation at a time when adequate housing can play a pivotal role in mitigating the spread of infection. Based on qualitative research conducted in Bengaluru, India, this article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tenant well-being and the shifting relationship between tenants and operators in paying guest accommodations. The analysis of narratives collected from the tenants and operators of paying guest accommodations reveals the following: first, in addition to the closures of paying guest accommodations and evictions of tenants, the lockdown led to a deterioration in the overall living conditions in these accommodations; second, in many cases, tenants had to compromise on adequacy and safety for affordability and viability, which exacerbated the negative effects on their well-being; third, the operators of paying guest accommodations faced severe economic and psychological stress during the lockdown, partly as a result of being invisible to policy; and, fourth, the relationships between the tenants operators of paying guest accommodations – a key factor shaping the overall experience of living in a paying guest accommodation – took a largely negative turn during the pandemic. This article brings to light an under-studied but important form of affordable rental housing, and serves as a much-needed starting point for future research.Key messagesThe article brings to light an under-studied but important form of affordable rental housing in India.The article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the paying guest accommodation sector and its actors.The article brings to the forefront the role of the operators of paying guest accommodations, who are often invisible to policy.","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89464771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do climate change negotiations stall? Scientific evidence and solutions for some structural problems","authors":"Ulrich J. Frey, Jazmin Burgess","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16431423735159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16431423735159","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is perhaps the biggest challenge of our times. In order to cope with it, we have to organise action collectively. The most important way to cooperate globally is through United Nations negotiations, known as ‘conferences of the parties’. However, progress has been very slow, and disillusionment with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change process has set in. From a scientific point of view, several obstacles surfacing in these negotiations have been well researched. Institutional analysis may provide suggestions or even solutions to some of these problems. Hence, we think that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations could profit from scientific support. We provide scientific background for three prominent problems: how to reconcile different interests in a global public goods situation; how to ameliorate the consensus decision-making process; and how to design institutions to implement resolutions. Enhancing communication, trust and fairness, and enforcing sanctions, are suggested as key elements for that. Finally, we point to similar processes that have been brought to a successful end.","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72982886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowerment through design? Housing cooperatives for women in Montreal","authors":"Ipek Türeli","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16320620457738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16320620457738","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the architecture of three co-ops in Montreal established to support women in the 1978–88 period, this article examines the relationship between empowerment and design in the context of gender-conscious cooperative housing. Deindustrialisation from the 1960s was coupled with downtown renewal, which effectively meant many lowincome, working-class neighbourhoods were wholesale cleared for new projects. The housing cooperative emerged as a viable model to protect access to housing. Against this backdrop, women in various government and non-profit positions helped each other and other women in precarious housing situations to establish housing co-ops for women. Feminist proponents of permanent and affordable women’s housing argued that housing was central to women’s emancipation, that is, to the designing of ‘non-sexist’ cities. The article treats the built environment of the co-ops as evidence to study if and how residents transformed their surroundings, and complements this with qualitative interviews with former and current residents to understand how the physical environment has, in turn, shaped their lives. While the co-op movement characterises itself as a type of solidarity network with open membership, the quality of architecture, or the deficiency thereof, in a social environment with already scarce resources can lead to tensions among memberresidents. However, the historical housing co-ops, as well as ongoing initiatives to establish new women’s co-ops, demonstrate the need and desire to pursue intersectional housing justice via the cooperative model, and the article’s findings point to the need for increased attention to and investment in architectural design.Key messagesIn the 1970s and 1980s, feminist scholars of the built environment argued that affordable and supportive housing was central to women’s emancipation, that is, to the designing of ‘nonsexist’ cities. To date, a systematic study of gender-conscious affordable housing projects is missing from the literature.While in the US, it was the community development corporations through which early experiments in housing for women were realised, in Canada, it was the shared-ownership, member-resident cooperative model to which women turned to.Earlier, large-scale cases of housing co-ops in Montreal were outcomes of resident mobilisation against developers and state-led gentrification; however, the members of women’s co-ops were typically recruited via women’s networks, and building sites were selected following co-op formation. The latter co-ops were built with low budgets, eschewing a participatory design process, construction quality and communal spaces that could have fostered mutual aid networks.While the co-op movement characterises itself as a type of solidarity network with open membership, the quality of architecture, or the deficiency thereof, in a social environment with already scarce resources can lead to tensions among member-residents. Case studies show that th","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76674827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexities of biomedicine, theology and politics in Islamic bioethical deliberation over female genital procedures: a reply to ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women’ by Richard Shweder","authors":"A. Padela","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16334660756430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16334660756430","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Richard Shweder’s target article, ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women: some reasonable doubts’, lays bare the ways in which political motivations influence moral, ethical and legal deliberations over female genital cutting/circumcision in society. He argues that activist stakeholders deploy a provocative lexicon and biased clinical data in order to silence dissenting views about, and legally restrict the practice of, female genital cutting/ circumcision. He suggests that a more balanced approach to discourse and more nuanced data analysis would open up avenues for tolerating religiously motivated female genital procedures carried out among Dawoodi Bohra communities residing in liberal democracies. Building upon his sociocultural analysis, this reply will explore the confluence of biomedical, theological and political considerations influencing contemporary Islamic bioethical discussion over the practice. I use my participation in the 2017–19 Fiqh Council of North America’s deliberations over female genital cutting to explore how (1) biomedical understandings and health outcomes data, (2) theological concerns over scriptural evidence and juridical best practices, and (3) political and social considerations influenced religious evaluation of the practice. I contend that Islamic juridical academies pursuing bioethical deliberation are not (and should not consider themselves to be) engaging in the routine application of scriptural reasoning in order to furnish guidance to a Muslim polity; rather, bioethics questions are necessarily layered with social and political considerations that require focused examination. This added dimensionality underscores the need for Islamic bioethics deliberation to move beyond the dyad of clinicians and jurists, and to include social scientists, public policy experts and other relevant scholars in order to properly conceive of and address the ethical problem space. Moreover, in the case of female genital cutting/circumcision, the bioethics veers towards biopolitics, making multidisciplinary deliberation all the more important in both religious and secular spaces.Key messagesFemale genital cutting/circumcision is a practice that has biomedical, social and religious dimensions.Moral, ethical, legal and political deliberation over female genital cutting/circumcision should account for the contentions and ambiguities over each of these dimensions of female genital cutting/circumcision.Islamic bioethical deliberation is more than just scriptural hermeneutics and searching for legal precedent; rather, it involves characterising the problem space along its biomedical, theological, social and political dimensions.Multidisciplinary approaches must therefore be used to accurately describe and address the ethical problem space that female genital cutting/circumcision occupies in both religious and secular contexts.","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79760679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal housing residents’ well-being in cities of the Global North and South: a reply to ‘Informal housing’ by Quintana Vigiola","authors":"K. Fattah","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16311420506212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16311420506212","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p> </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84254389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On dropping one’s trousers and reclaiming relativism: a reply to ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women’ by Richard Shweder","authors":"Carlos David Londoño Sulkin","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16255844555932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16255844555932","url":null,"abstract":"People do the kinds of things with vulvas and penes that they do with other meaningful forms: they include them directly or indirectly in meaningful gestures—by showing, hiding, touching, or altering their appearance, or by speaking about them—to establish and negotiate and sometimes end relationships, to express or live up to a certain picture of the kinds of persons they are or ought or desire to be, and to make claims about the world. The meanings of semiotic deployments involving genitals are tied to people’s lives among other people, in particular personal and historical circumstances. They are multiple, varied, social, intensely personal, and contingent—in a word, they are relative—as are the moral, aesthetic, and epistemic criteria with which we and others gauge them.","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79423438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The politics of urban displacement and emplacement in Overcome Heights","authors":"J. Bjarnesen","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16361544537306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16361544537306","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p> </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76100769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal housing and residents’ well-being in Caracas and Sydney: a comparative study of residents’ experiences","authors":"Gabriela Quintana Vigiola","doi":"10.1332/204378921x16309244430387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921x16309244430387","url":null,"abstract":"Informal housing has been assessed to have a negative impact on its residents’ well-being. However, this article demonstrates that residents also perceive and experience some positive effects within their precarious housing condition. Both the Global South and the Global North are home to informal housing, yet there are very few studies that compare these contexts. In response, this article discusses the differences and similarities between how informality and precarious housing emerges and is experienced by its residents in both contexts. Qualitative content analysis was applied to interpret the data collected in two separate studies developed in Caracas and Sydney. The perspectives of two different populations deemed vulnerable, low-income groups are discussed: slum dwellers and international students. Aligning with Roy’s (Roy, 2005) proposition in the literature about the need to include actors such as residents in the discussion on informality, this research approach was applied to delve into the accounts of the participants to understand their meanings and experiences in the production of, access to and their everyday lives in their housing environments. Four themes arose from the interpretation of the participants’ accounts: (1) the production of informal housing; (2) permanency versus temporality; (3) networks and relationships; and (4) the overall impact on residents’ everyday lives and well-being. These emerged as significant themes for understanding the perceived well-being of informal housing residents. Residents’ experiences in the Global North and South are indeed different. However, despite the oppressing external conditions and their vulnerability, people in both areas implement psychosocial and physical strategies to improve their housing conditions and well-being. By acknowledging and understanding people’s experiences of informal housing – including those of a positive nature – we gain a deeper comprehension of the processes influencing residents’ well-being.Key messagesAside from negative impacts, informal housing also has positive impacts on residents’ well-being.Residents implement psychosocial and physical strategies to improve their informal housing experience, thus improving their perception of their overall well-being.There are meaningful commonalities between the residents’ perceptions of housing and well-being in Caracas and Sydney.","PeriodicalId":37814,"journal":{"name":"Global Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91352326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}