Frontiers of Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Limnological response to climatic changes in western Amazonia over the last millennium","authors":"M. N. Nascimento, Grace Peters-Schulze, G. Martins, R. C. Cordeiro, B. Turcq, L. Moreira, M. Bush","doi":"10.21425/F5FBG50860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG50860","url":null,"abstract":"The Little Ice Age (LIA - A.D. 1400 to 1820, 550 to 130 cal yr BP) was a significant worldwide climatic fluctuation, yet little is known about its impact on the ecology of Amazonia or its human inhabitants. Using organic geochemistry and diatoms, we investigate the limnological impact of this event in an Amazonian record spanning the last 760 years. The sedimentary record is from Lake Pata (Lagoa da Pata), which lies on the Hill of Six Lakes (Morro dos Seis Lagos), in the wettest section of the western Brazilian Amazonia. We found that many of the diatom taxa recovered from this remote site are either morphotypes of known species or species new to science. Eunotia and Frustulia dominated our fossil diatom assemblage over time, indicating oligotrophic waters of low pH. The limnological characteristics of this pristine system changed very little over the last millennium, except for a slight intensification of precipitation indicated by the increase in Aulacoseira granulata abundances, in C/N ratios, and in sedimentation rates. This phase lasted from 1190 to 1400 A.D. (760 to 550 cal yr BP). Although occurring before the onset of LIA, the observed change matched increases in precipitation observed in Venezuelan glaciers and Peruvian speleothems. We conclude that although the changes in precipitation detected in our lake match the timing of precipitation increase in some South American records, the event was shorter and its effects in this region of Amazonia were mild compared with other regional records. Our paleolimnological data provide additional insights into the interpretation of a remarkably stable fossil pollen record, in that the highest variance in vegetation occurred over the last millennium. Because Lake Pata has no human influence, part of its value is in providing a reference, with which variability in other settings that do have a human history, can be compared.","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68601106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid decline and fragmentation of the distribution of an enigmatic small carnivore, the Owston’s Civet, in response to future climate change","authors":"Tuan Anh Nguyen, Cao Thi Hong Nhung, Peter J. Galante, M. Le","doi":"10.21425/f5fbg53201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg53201","url":null,"abstract":"of threats, such as illegal hunting, habitat destruction, and global climate change. Climate change is expected to alter the region’s habitat and ecosystem conditions, force contraction of species ranges, and increase the likelihood of local extinctions. Maxent is a widely used modelling approach to predict the species’ current potential distribution, project range shifts in response to climate change, and inform conservation planning. Here, we collated known records and built models for both present and future climatically suitable habitat of the Owston’s Civet ( Chrotogale owstoni ), an endangered and poorly studied small carnivore occurring in Vietnam, eastern Laos, and a small part of southern China. Projections of climatically suitable habitat for the civet in most climate change scenarios and timeframes suggest significant habitat loss and fragmentation within its current range as a consequence of upward contraction. We recommend that future conservation efforts for C. owstoni focus on key refugia spreading along the Annamite Range in the border area between Vietnam and Laos. To mitigate climate-related extinction risk, close cooperation between Vietnam and Laos’ governmental agencies, research institutions, and non-governmental conservation organizations will play an important role in conserving the remaining habitat of","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simulation-based method for selecting calibration areas for ecological niche models and species distribution models","authors":"Fernando Machado-Stredel, M. Cobos, A. Peterson","doi":"10.21425/f5fbg48814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg48814","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological niche models and species distribution models (ENM and SDM, respectively) are tools that have seen massive use and considerable improvement during the last twenty years. The choice of calibration areas for such models has strong effects on model outcomes and model interpretation, as well as on model transfer to distinct environmental settings. However, approaches to selecting these areas remain simple and/or unlinked to biological concepts. Such models should be calibrated within areas that the species of interest has explored throughout its recent history, the accessible area (M). In this paper, we provide a simulation approach for estimating a species’ M considering processes of dispersal, colonization, and extinction in constant current climate or glacial-interglacial climate change frameworks, implemented within a new R package we developed called grinnell. Using the avian genus Aphelocoma, we explored different parameterizations of our simulation, and compared them to current approaches for M selection, in terms of model performance and risk of extrapolation using the algorithm Maxent and mobility-oriented parity analyses. Model calibration exercises from all approaches resulted in at least one model meeting optimal performance criteria for each species; however, we noted high variability among taxa and M selection methods. More importantly, M hypotheses derived directly from simulations of key biological processes, rather than being based on simple proxies of those processes, and as such are better suited to erecting biologically appropriate contrasts in model calibration, and to characterizing the potential for model extrapolation more rigorously. Major factors in our simulations were environmental layer resolution, dispersal kernel characteristics, and the inclusion of a changing framework of climatic conditions. This contribution represents the first simulation-based method for selecting calibration areas for ENM and SDM, offering a quantitative approach to estimate the accessible area of a species while considering its dispersal ability, along with patterns of change in environmental suitability across space and time.","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45009447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of climate change impacts on one of the rarest apes on Earth, the Cao Vit Gibbon Nomascus nasutus","authors":"Hoang Trinh-Dinh, A. T. Nguyen, M. Le, Xingkang Li, Nhung Thi Hong Cao, M. Blair","doi":"10.21425/f5fbg53320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg53320","url":null,"abstract":"The Cao Vit Gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) is a critically endangered species of gibbon that was historically wide-ranging but is now known to occupy only one forest patch that straddles the China-Vietnam border. While past and current threats to the species include poaching and habitat destruction, the potential effects of global climate change on this species and its current habitat are still poorly known. Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) is often used to predict the risk of potential species distribution shifts in response to climate change and inform conservation planning including restoration and reintroduction efforts. Here, we present optimally tuned SDMs to predict climatically suitable habitat for N. nasutus, projected under a range of future climate change scenarios. Our SDMs showed high predictive performance and successfully predicted the current known range, but also showed expected areas of overprediction to a much wider area that likely reflects the historical distribution of the Cao Vit Gibbon across southern China and northern Vietnam. SDMs that projected across a range of future scenarios estimated an overall loss in total area of climatically suitable habitat, with the average value of about -23,000 km2 in 2041 – 2060 period and about -25,000 km2 in 2061 – 2080 period, compared to the current predicted range, but they also predicted the currently occupied Trung Khanh-Jingxi Forest as suitable across all future scenarios. Thus, some of the predicted climatically suitable areas that are close to the current known range may be worth targeting for future habitat restoration and population re-establishment and recovery efforts, while balancing other threats and management concerns.","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46573091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The two South American dry diagonals","authors":"F. Luebert","doi":"10.21425/F5FBG51267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG51267","url":null,"abstract":"South American drylands roughly form two diagonals both termed in the biogeographical literature as the \"South American dry diagonal\" (SADD). However, they correspond to two different geographical areas. One comprises the Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco domains, thus encompassing the areas between northeastern Brazil and northwestern Argentina. The other stretches from Patagonia in southern Argentina to the Pacific deserts of northern Chile and Peru, thus also including the Monte, Prepuna and dry Puna domains. I termed them the eastern and western SADDs, respectively (i.e., eSADD and wSADD). In this mini review I attempt to summarize the major climatic features of the two South American dry diagonals, their possible origins, biogeographical patterns within and around them and to explore possible interconnections. The eSADD is generally more humid than the wSADD and has more pronounced rainfall seasonality, with precipitation concentrated in summer, while the wSADD tends to be less seasonal due to year-round aridity, with little precipitation largely occurring in winter. The origin of both diagonals appears to go back to the middle Miocene, associated with global cooling. Biogeographical studies show that these diagonals are important in structuring South American distribution patterns south of the Equator, both acting as barriers for humid-adapted lineages and corridors for arid-adapted taxa. Remarkably, the two diagonals appear to have few plant and animal taxa in common, which may explain why biogeographers speaking about one diagonal seem to ignore the existence of the other.","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46126627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burrowing habit in Smilisca frogs as an adaptive response to ecological niche constraints in seasonally dry environments","authors":"Alondra Encarnación-Luévano, A. Peterson, Octavio R. Rojas-Soto","doi":"10.21425/F5FBG50517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG50517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46287677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disjunct plant species in South American seasonally dry tropical forests responded differently to past climatic fluctuations","authors":"Matheus Colli‐Silva, J. Pirani, Alexander Zizka","doi":"10.21425/f5fbg49882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg49882","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonally dry tropical forests (STDFs) are a main component of open seasonally dry areas in South America and their biogeography is understudied compared to evergreen forests. In this work, we identify vascular plant species with long-distance disjunctions across STDF patches of South America based on information available in online repositories and on species taxonomy and distribution, to explore species’ biogeographic patterns. Specifically, we combine distribution data from the Brazilian Flora 2020 Project (BFG) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to identify species with a peri-Amazonian distribution, and then use species distribution models to discuss possible scenarios of peri-Amazonian distributions under Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. We identified 81 candidate species for peri-Amazonian distributions in STDFs, including shrubs, herbs, trees and lianas, and provided a summary of their main fruit dispersion syndrome based on the literature to identify prevalent dispersal patterns. The study species responded differently to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, with both contractions and expansions through time in different rates and do not show consistent larger distributions during past climate conditions. Our results show that a peri-Amazonian distribution is also present in growth-forms other than trees. Also, the prevalence of species with long-distance dispersal strategies such as wind or vertebrate-dispersed can suggest, although biased for Neotropical taxa, an alternative scenario of long-distance dispersal, possibly using stepping-stones of azonal vegetation. We argue that such an alternative scenario, especially for species disjunct with long-dispersal abilities, should be considered to test if STDF disjunctions are relics of a past widespread distribution or not.","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68600944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population sizes of T. rex cannot be precisely estimated","authors":"Shai Meiri","doi":"10.21425/f5fbg53781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg53781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68601710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interface between Macroecology and Conservation: existing links and untapped opportunities","authors":"L. Santini, L. Antão, M. Jung, A. Benítez‐López, G. Rapacciuolo, M. Marco, Faith A. M. Jones, Jessica M. Haghkerdar, Manuela González‐Suárez","doi":"10.21425/f5fbg53025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg53025","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities are altering the structure of ecosystems, compromising the benefits they provide to nature and people. Effective conservation actions and management under ongoing global change rely on a better understanding of socio-ecological patterns and processes across broad spatiotemporal scales. Both macroecology and conservation science contribute to this improved understanding and, while they have different scopes, these disciplines have become increasingly interconnected over time. Here we describe examples of how macroecology has contributed to conservation science, and how conservation science can motivate further macroecological developments and applications. We identify challenges and untapped potential to further strengthen the links between these two disciplines. Major macroecological contributions include developing ecological theory, providing methodologies useful for biodiversity assessments and projections, making data more accessible and addressing knowledge gaps. These contributions have played a major role in the development of conservation science, and have supported outreach to policy makers, media, and the public. Nonetheless, a pure macroecological lens is limited to inform conservation decisions, particularly in local contexts, which frequently leads to the misuse of macroecological analyses for conservation applications, misunderstandings of research outputs, and skepticism among conservation practitioners and scientists. We propose possible solutions to overcome these challenges and strengthen links between macroecology and conservation science, including a stronger focus on ecological mechanisms and predictive approaches, and the creation of hybrid journals and meetings. Finally, we suggest new avenues for macroecological research that would further benefit conservation science.","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45343474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species–area relationships of the Aegean, a comparative approach between six taxa","authors":"Leonidas Maroulis, M. Mylonas, K. Vardinoyannis","doi":"10.21425/f5fbg52929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg52929","url":null,"abstract":"Islands occupy a proportionately small area on Earth, however they play a crucial role in Ecology and Biogeography, as they constitute “natural laboratories”. The increased number of species, with increasing island area, is such a commonly observed pattern that it has been labelled as one of the few laws of ecology. The Aegean archipelago is of broad biogeographical interest, as it has a considerable number of islands in addition to a rich paleogeographical and geological history, while being divided among three continents (Europe, Asia, Africa). As a result, the composition of life in the Aegean is dominated by species of European, Asian, African origin as well as species endemic in the archipelago. In this framework, we approached the species–area relationship (SAR) of the Aegean islands for six different organismic groups (birds, herptiles, snails, isopods, tenebrionids and chilopods) and 20 different models. The aim was to determine which model(s) perform better for each taxon and also to compare the z and C parameters of the power model between animal groups, which are the only model parameters to date that have been linked with biological processes. We compared the relationship across different taxa for the entire archipelago and for the exact same islands, in two subgroups with similar paleogeographic history and environmental conditions in the central and eastern Aegean. For the taxonomic groups that were examined a strong correlation between the number of species and area was found, except for chilopods and herptiles. Although there is no universal best model for the SAR of the Aegean, the power model performed better for invertebrates, whereas concerning vertebrates there was more ambiguity in the shape of the relationship.","PeriodicalId":37788,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Biogeography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43207256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}