{"title":"Discourse and Representation in Emblematics: Hermeneutic and Ideological Implications of Stylistic and Cognitive Analyses","authors":"D. Borgogni","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2019.070206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2019.070206","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the dialectic relationship between visual and verbal representations in Renaissance emblematics, a multimodal genre in which words and images were inherently interactive and physiologically intermingled. Devices and emblems were “assemblages” of different modes and mediums, full of rhetorical wit and sophisticated allusions, and made the most of their appealing mix of discourse and representation to provide a practical moral lesson together with learned amusement. The article tries to discuss and revise these well-known aspects from a stylistic and cognitive perspective, relying on the analytical tools provided by Relevance Theory and Conceptual Integration Theory in the belief that such synergetic approach to emblematic texts is particularly rewarding to highlight the ideological implications of the unprecedented power attributed to the relation between images and language in the Renaissance. In particular, the article underscores the ideological dimension of emblematics, in a period rife with political and social tensions, and tries to draw attention to the ways in which this symbolic form of communication was transformed into an Althusserian practice of interpellation, interrogating the authority of the speaking subject and producing changing patterns in its relationship with the reader.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126679616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Children's Literature through Performance","authors":"Ya-shu Chen","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2019.070203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2019.070203","url":null,"abstract":"Educational theory often points out that in order to improve the effectiveness of teaching, the teacher has to allow students to take the initiative and actively participate in the learning process. Therefore, in the four traditional teaching methods, “speaking” and “writing,” compared to “reading” and “listening,” reap greater teaching effectiveness. This paper suggests that if the teacher combines “performance” with listening, speaking, reading and writing, and also adds various other forms of participation to his/her teaching, the teaching results will be much better than the traditional four methods. Take “children’s literature” in this study as an example. Students are required to take the text as the basis for adaptation and performance. The results show that although the students originally were difficult to understand the passages through reading, through a variety of performances during the “implementation” of the practice, they have been able to slowly read into the text and see the meaning. Dewey’s “learning by doing” theory is thus proved.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134408814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relation between Language and Culture (Case Study Albanian Language)","authors":"Kadri Krasniqi","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2019.070205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2019.070205","url":null,"abstract":"For centuries, language researchers, theorists, linguists, educational psychologists, and an ocean of scholars have agreed that language and culture are closely related and affect each other in so many ways. They support each other in so many sensitive situations, they complement each other on many occasions, they reflect each other on many aspects, and they protect each other through conflicts and wars. Above all, for centuries, they somehow managed to survive by being inseparable; 'like the skin and flesh of our body'. The meanings of a particular language anywhere in the world represent the culture of a particular social group. Therefore, without having direct access to its language, it is impossible to understand its culture, tradition, beliefs, values and customs of that particular social group. This is because of their intimate connection or bond they have singularly and together. Learning a language, therefore, is not only learning the alphabet, the letter sounds and the shapes, the meaning, the grammar rules, and the structure or arrangement of words, but it is also learning the behavior of the society and its cultural customs. Thus, language teaching should always contain some references to the culture. On the one hand, we are thankful to the language that provides us with important tools we use to express and communicate our thoughts and ideas on a daily basis. On the other hand, we are also thankful to the values and customs of our culture in the countries we live and grow up in the shape or construct the way in which we think and behave to a certain degree. The main purpose of this paper is to identify some of the characteristic relations or bonds that exist between any language and culture in anywhere in the world, with reference to Albanian language and culture.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127025332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Clitic [-ki] by Najdīs: Morphophonemic Divergence from Supralocal Norms","authors":"Manal A. Ismail","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2019.070207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2019.070207","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the clitic [-ki] as it occurs in the second person feminine singular object/ possessive pronoun suffix of stem final consonants in the speech of Saudis of Arabic Najdi dialect. The phonetic realization of this morphosyntactic marker in post-consonantal position as [-ki] does not accord with Najdi dialect nor with the supralocal variant. The analysis of the clitic [-ki] in Najdi Arabic is based on the occurrence of the form in the informal speech of young Saudi women and men in three peer groups in naturally occurring settings. The data reveals that subjects alternated between the realization of the post-consonantal second person feminine clitic as [-ki] and the vernacular form [-iʦ], whilst apparently resisting supralocalization pressures and diverging from supralocal norms. Men appeared to be the leaders in this direction of change. The research aims to stimulate further empirical investigation into the effects of morphophonemic divergence on sociolinguistic variation and language change as well as contributing to the area of language and gender.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"25 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125677586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resistance through the Language of Palestinian Poets","authors":"Nora F. Boayrid","doi":"10.13189/lls.2019.070202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2019.070202","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the language of resistance in the poems of three Palestinian poets, namely, Samih Al-Qasim, Mahmoud Darwish, and Tawfiq Zayyad. The analysis incorporated Van Dijk's (1997) approach to Political Discourse Analysis (PDA). The elicited linguistic features from PDA were analyzed against Van Dijk's (1993, 2005) Ideological Square Model and Johnson's (1987) Containment Schema. From the perspective of Van Dijk's (1993, 2005) ideological square model, the study found that the poets' expressions of resistance can be presented under the positive self-representation and negative other-representation with varying referents (i.e. Palestine, Palestinians, or Israelis). The analysis from Johnson's (1987) containment schema showed that the poets' political position has an influential role in their expressions of resistance and their views of themselves in relation to Palestine, Palestinians, and Israelis.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Syncope in Makkan Arabic Fast Speech: A Stratal-OT Analysis","authors":"Rawiah S. Kabrah","doi":"10.13189/lls.2019.070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2019.070103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114415911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lexical Cohesion in Research Articles","authors":"Jiayu Wang, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.13189/lls.2019.070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2019.070101","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how academic writers use lexical cohesion (LC) in research articles (RAs) and what the features of LC are, since the appropriate use of LC promotes the coherence of academic discourse. Through stratified random sampling, 30 articles were selected from Applied Linguistics. With the adoption of Coh-Metrix and manual coding, the analysis found that repetition was overwhelmingly-used (91%) in scholarly journal writings, whereas hyponymy was adopted least, only occupying 1% collectively. Moreover, the use of LC significantly related to the structure of RAs, that is, Introduction, Methodology, Results and Discussion/conclusion (IMRD) ( = 29.476, p = .000 < .05). LC, as a whole, is most frequently-used in Introduction. The adoption of repetition, synonymy, and meronymy significantly related to IMRD structure. Furthermore, it is assumed that synonymy is prone to be context-dependent, in the meanwhile, hyponymy and antonymy are content-oriented. Ultimately, it is hoped that the ways concluded to use LC can help writers build coherent discourse in academic writings.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122588396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of the OCP and Syllable Structure in Makkan Arabic Hypocoristics","authors":"Mahasen Hasan Abu-Mansour","doi":"10.13189/lls.2019.070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2019.070104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that the failure of names related to glide-medial and glide-final roots to form Pattern I C 1 aC 2 C 2 uuC 3 hypocoristics is due to the effects of the OCP and syllable structure constraints, respectively. Names related to roots with medial [w] fail to form Pattern I hypocoristics since the sequence -wuu- violates the OCP. Names related to glide final roots [y] or [w] form C 1 aC 2 C 2 u hypocoristics where the deletion of the final glide avoids violation of syllable structure constraints in the language. The Optimality-Theoretic account in this paper demonstrates that there is only one native pattern of hypocoristic formation in Makkan Arabic with two manifestations, C 1 aC 2 C 2 uuC 3 and C 1 aC 2 C 2 u. Syllable structure constraints and the OCP account for the apparent differences between these two forms. Data from Makkan Arabic hypocoristic formation show that native speakers can factor out the root consonants from the actual name and use them in hypocoristic formation.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122589898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Itinerarium Egeriae: A Retrospective Look and Preliminary Study of a New Approach to the Issue of Authorship-provenance","authors":"Víctor Parra-Guinaldo","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2019.070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2019.070102","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most controversial questions with respect to the Itinerarium Egeriae is its author's provenance, and whether this can be determined on linguistic grounds. The purpose of this paper is twofold: 1) to provide a central synopsis and account of previous relevant work that has been conducted on the manuscript; and 2) address one of the most contested and controversial questions with respect to whether its origin can be determined on linguistic grounds. In this paper, I revisit this conundrum by addressing two major flaws I find in the methodology employed to date: 1) the Romanisms sought after are for the most part only either hispanisms or gallicisms; and 2) the scrutiny of the data is not rigorous enough, since these are usually selected merely on the basis of lexical resemblance with modern reflexes, disregarding the fact that many of these may not even qualify as regionalisms in the first place. I resolve this problem by following Adams's (2007) shrinkage theory, where the only plausible regionalisms are innovations, namely those terms that can only be found in texts later than the Classical period; but I disagree with his view on Egeria's provenance as the problem would remain inconclusive, and I demonstrate that there is compelling evidence for an Iberian origin.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114457840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Greetings as a Politeness Strategy in EFL Distance Learning Students' Official Emails","authors":"Mohammad Almoaily, Dr. Riyadh","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2018.060601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2018.060601","url":null,"abstract":"The current study attempts to discover English as a Foreign Language (EFL) distance learning male students’ awareness of email greetings as a politeness strategy in English computer-mediated communication (CMC). To this end, 200 email messages sent from distance learning students at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, to their graduation project supervisor were analyzed. The degree of formality of these messages was very high for two main reasons. First, all of the email messages comprised instances of first-time contact with the supervisor. Second, the social distance between the students and their supervisor was high. Hence, the students were expected to use formal email greetings. The emails sent by the analyzed sample were put into three categories: begun with formal greetings, started by informal greetings, and null-greeting emails. Contrary to expectations, only 16.5% used formal English email greetings. The remaining students chose religious greetings (20.5%), less formal greetings (7%), or null greetings (56%). The large number of null greeting emails suggests that the students’ awareness of greetings as a politeness strategy was low. Hence, the study concluded with implications to ensure increasing EFL students’ awareness of politeness strategies in CMC.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124188140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}