The Royal Society of Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Wormlike Micelles: Advances in Systems, Characterisation and Applications","authors":"C. A. Dreiss, Yujun Feng","doi":"10.1039/9781782629788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782629788","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129281780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titano-silicates: highlights on development, evolution and application in oxidative catalysis","authors":"Ayomi S. Perera, M. Coppens","doi":"10.1039/9781782626855-00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782626855-00119","url":null,"abstract":"Titano-silicates are a class of highly useful zeolite materials, predominantly used as heterogeneous catalysts in selective oxidation. This chapter reviews the history and significant advances in synthesis, characterisation and application of various types of titano-silicates. In particular, selective oxidation catalysis of alkenes to epoxides is discussed in detail as a key application of the material, while highlighting its potential in green chemical processes. Finally, a brief overview of recent advances and future prospects is given.","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117309842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 10:Electrochemical Detection Using Ionic Liquids","authors":"D. Silvester, L. Aldous","doi":"10.1039/9781782622529-00341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782622529-00341","url":null,"abstract":"Ionic liquids are relatively new additions to the field of electrochemical sensing. Despite that, they have had a significant impact, and several major areas are covered herein. This includes the application of ionic liquids in the quantification of heavy metals, explosives, and chemical warfare agents, and in biosensors and bioanalysis. Also highlighted are the significant advantages ionic liquids inherently have with regards to gas sensors and carbon paste electrodes, by virtue of their non-volatility, inherent conductivity, and diversity of structure and function. Finally, their incorporation with carbon nanomaterials to form various gels, pastes, films, and printed electrodes is also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114721911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHAPTER 6:Bicontinuous Emulsions Stabilized by Colloidal Particles","authors":"J. Tavacoli, J. H. Thijssen, P. Clegg","doi":"10.1039/9781782620143-00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782620143-00129","url":null,"abstract":"The liquid–liquid phase separation of binary fluids, induced by a temperature quench, can be arrested by colloidal particles trapped at the interface. The arrested structure, a novel soft solid known as a bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gel (bijel), was first predicted by computer simulations and subsequently realized in the lab. Initially the mechanical properties are controlled by the interfacial tension between the two fluid domains (e.g. a deeper quench yields a stronger bijel) and the volume fraction of particles. Reversing the temperature quench results in the two fluids becoming miscible again. Whether or not this leaves a colloidal gel in place which is stable without a liquid–liquid interface (a ‘monogel’) depends on the age of the gel and the choice of liquids. In this chapter we describe the current state of bijel research using experimental, theoretical and computational approaches. We discuss possible areas of application and, finally, we contrast the physical route with which the bijel is prepared with a related material that is prepared via direct particle–particle interactions.","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121920749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The therapeutic potential of small-molecule modulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel","authors":"Jia Liu, G. Cami-Kobeci, Yiting Wang, P. Khuituan, Z. Cai, Hongyu Li, S. Husbands, D. Sheppard","doi":"10.1039/9781849735087-00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849735087-00156","url":null,"abstract":"The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a pivotal role in fluid and electrolyte movements across ducts and tubes lined by epithelia. Loss of CFTR function causes the common life-limiting genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) and a spectrum of disorders termed CFTR-related diseases, while unphysiological CFTR activity characterises secretory diarrhoea and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The prevalence of these disorders argues persuasively that small-molecule CFTR modulators have significant therapeutic potential. Here, we discuss how knowledge and understanding of the CFTR Cl− channel, its physiological role and malfunction in disease led to the development of the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor, the first small molecule targeting CFTR approved as a treatment for CF. We consider the prospects for developing other therapeutics targeting directly CFTR including CFTR correctors to rescue the apical membrane expression of CF mutants, CFTR corrector-potentiators, dual-acting small-molecules to correct the processing and gating defects of F508del-CFTR, the commonest CF mutant and CFTR inhibitors to prevent fluid and electrolyte loss in secretory diarrhoea and cyst swelling in ADPKD. The success of ivacaftor provides impetus to other CFTR drug development programmes and a paradigm for the creation of therapeutics targeting the root cause of other genetic disorders.","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"123 2-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116703571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoengineering of the Climate System","authors":"R. Harrison, R. Hester","doi":"10.1039/9781782621225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782621225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129876813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHAPTER 6:Engineering Ideas for Brighter Clouds","authors":"S. Salter, T. Stevenson, A. Tsiamis","doi":"10.1039/9781782621225-00131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782621225-00131","url":null,"abstract":"It may be possible to reduce global warming by increasing the reflectivity of marine stratocumulus clouds thereby reducing the amount of solar energy that is absorbed. Quite a small change to the reflectivity could stop further temperature rise or even produce a reversion towards pre-industrial values. This paper gives a brief account of the physics behind the Twomey effect and its application for marine cloud brightening by the release of sub-micron drops of sea water into the marine boundary layer using a fleet of mobile spray vessels. We argue that the mobility of spray vessels and the short life of spray are advantageous by allowing rapid tactical control in response to local conditions. We identify the main engineering problem as spray production, which in turn requires ultra-filtration of plankton-rich seawater. The proposed engineering solutions involving Rayleigh nozzles etched in silicon and piezo-electric excitation are illustrated with drawings. The results of a COMSOL Multiphysics simulation of drop generation are given, with nozzle diameter, drive pressure, excitation frequency and power requirement as functions of drop diameter. The predicted power requirement is higher than initially hoped for and this has led to a modified vessel design with active hydrofoils giving much lower drag than displacement hulls and turbines. The active control of hydrofoil pitch angle can be used for power generation, roll stabilizing and may also reduce hull loading similarly to the suspension systems of road vehicles. The need to identify unwanted side effects of marine cloud brightening has led to a method for using climate models to give an everywhere-to-everywhere transfer function of the effects of spray in each region on weather records at all observing stations. The technique uses individual coded modulation of the concentration of cloud-condensation nuclei separately in each of many spray regions and is based on methods used for small-signal detection in electronic systems. The first use in a climate model shows very accurate measurement of changes to a temperature record and that that marine cloud brightening can affect precipitation in both directions. Replication with other climate models will be necessary. The paper ends with tentative estimates for the cost of mass production spray vessels based on actual quotations for parts of the spray generation hardware and on the cost of Flower-class corvettes used by the Royal Navy in World War II which were built in similar numbers.","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127120487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive biomarker discovery and validation for clinical application","authors":"R. Bischoff, P. Horvatovich","doi":"10.1039/9781849734363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849734363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130456449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Biomimetic Adhesives from the Red Alga Gracilaria Conferta for Biomedical Applications","authors":"S. Dimartino, I. Lir, M. Haber, R. Azhari","doi":"10.1039/9781849737135-00117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849737135-00117","url":null,"abstract":"Marine macro algae represent an interesting class of organisms that evolved remarkable underwater bioadhesives. Algal bioadhesives rapidly and permanently attach the algae to the substratum, and withstand the strong mechanical stresses and pulloff forces associated to wave‐swept shores and tidal currents. These properties indicate a promising avenue in the development of strong and durable adhesives for biomedical applications, including tissue adhesives as an alternative to conventional wound closure methods such as sutures and staples, or dermal and mucosal drug delivery systems. This chapter provides the current status and future trends of basic and applied research regarding algal bioadhesives, with particular reference to Gracilaria conferta polymeric extracts and evaluation of their potential for biomedical application. Extract components were found to be glycoproteins (about 20 %) and polysaccharides (about 70 %). The amino acid composition of the proteins contains over 20% of acidic residues, whereas neither DOPA nor hydroxyproline were detected. The extracted polymers have been used to formulate thin films and adhesives. The film's mechanical properties were modulated within a wide range using EDC and glycerol as cross‐linker and plastisizer respectively. The films' physical properties and preliminary biocompatibility studies indicate that they are apparently safe and effective for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128913226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Current Finite Element Models for Irradiation Creep and Failure of Nuclear Graphite","authors":"D. Tanner, A. Becker, Wei Sun, T. Hyde","doi":"10.1039/9781849735179-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849735179-00023","url":null,"abstract":"Finite element models currently used for predicting irradiation creep and failure of nuclear graphite are presented. The underlying material properties required for these analyses and the relevant property changes due to irradiation are reviewed, followed by a description of the generation of constitutive equations. Continuum damage mechanics-based approaches for predicting the cracking and failure of graphite components are assessed. The computational implementation of the different models is briefly discussed and some examples from published literature are highlighted. To conclude, areas are identified that shall be addressed in order to develop a unified multi-scale continuum damage material behaviour model for graphite as part of the ongoing EPSRC ‘Fundamentals of current and future uses of nuclear graphite’ project.","PeriodicalId":377825,"journal":{"name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131962795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}