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Born into Bondage? Iklan Lives along the Rural-Urban Continuum (Tuareg, Sahel) 出生在束缚中？Iklan生活在农村-城市连续体（图阿雷格，萨赫勒）
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1833522
C. Oxby
{"title":"Born into Bondage? Iklan Lives along the Rural-Urban Continuum (Tuareg, Sahel)","authors":"C. Oxby","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1833522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1833522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article considers the predicament of a low-status Tuareg woman living close by her former master’s family in rural central Niger in 2010; for the family, she maintained the status of taklit (“slave descendant,” feminine singular of iklan), somewhere along the spectrum between paid family servant and domestic slave. Analysis focuses on why she and so many like her have not managed to improve their life chances by moving to town, despite the Nigerien ban on slavery. Relevant factors include her lack of a family support network, the continued impact of prejudice against former slaves, a fear of possibly worsening her economic standing via such a move, and the strong moral compulsion of ordained gender roles in contemporary Sahelian cities. Former mistresses/masters also resisted the departure of women like her from wealthy herding households because of their housework contribution and their crucial role in producing the next generation of workers.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1833522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42933715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fally Kebbeh and Mamadi Kumba: Emancipation and Slave Ancestry in the Twentieth-Century Urban Gambia Fally Kebbeh和Mamadi Kumba：20世纪冈比亚城市的解放和奴隶祖先
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1802157
A. Bellagamba
{"title":"Fally Kebbeh and Mamadi Kumba: Emancipation and Slave Ancestry in the Twentieth-Century Urban Gambia","authors":"A. Bellagamba","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1802157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1802157","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fally Kebbeh and Mamadi Kumba were two slave descendants born in rural Gambia in the 1910s. By following their migration in the period before the outbreak of World War II to Bathurst, the capital of the Colony of the Gambia, this essay focuses on the opportunities and restraints that ambitious young men willing to shake off the social disability of their slave ancestry experienced both in their home contexts and in the urban setting. The cultural, economic, and social dynamism of colonial cities held the promise of anonymity. Yet a micro-historical focus on the trajectories of these two men shows that memories of a slave past could travel along the paths of rural-urban migration with different outcomes in the course of the individual life cycle. Indeed, as much as the village, the city could become a theater of post-slavery negotiations between former masters and former slaves.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1802157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Is COVID-19 Transforming Speech in Mauritius? 新冠肺炎是否改变了毛里求斯的演讲？
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2021.1901510
Rosabelle Boswell
{"title":"Is COVID-19 Transforming Speech in Mauritius?","authors":"Rosabelle Boswell","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2021.1901510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2021.1901510","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article considers the impact of COVID-19 on speech in the island of Mauritius. In particular, I discuss the socially embedded nature of speech prior to COVID-19 and its transformation during the early months of pandemic lockdown. I propose that, in Mauritius, speech plays a key role in interethnic interaction and tension, sociality, and in the experiences of Creoles living in Mauritius. Following the government imposition of social distancing and masking during early 2020, I argue that when Mauritius was declared COVID-19 “free,” people quickly reverted to spatially proximal social behaviors. I also argue that subsequent lockdowns may be stymied by how deeply Mauritians rely on speech as means to achieve sociality and manage ethnic tension on the island.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2021.1901510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46309557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Identity, Belonging, and “Dead Silence”: Towards a Prospectus for Change in the Representation of Black Residents in English Historic Houses, 1714–1837 身份、归属和“死沉默”:1714-1837年英国历史建筑中黑人居民代表的变化概述
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2021.1904737
Hannah McLean
{"title":"Identity, Belonging, and “Dead Silence”: Towards a Prospectus for Change in the Representation of Black Residents in English Historic Houses, 1714–1837","authors":"Hannah McLean","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2021.1904737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2021.1904737","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between Georgian historic house museums in England and their historic Black residents. The aim is not only to critically analyze representations of Black individuals in historic houses, but to lay the foundations for the development of a prospectus for change. By visiting three house museums with known Black historic residents, this article begins development of such a prospectus. I provide suggestions for the curation of permanent exhibits that inspire a sense of belonging in visitors, and challenge the traditionally uncritical narratives that have been presented in stately homes. It is hoped that this research will continue with a wider breadth of locations and time periods, eventually working towards change within the heritage sector, which will have impact outside of our discipline and on ideas of the past in the public imagination.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2021.1904737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41734397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Community Activist, a Cultural Anthropologist, and an Archaeologist Walk into a Cemetery: Re-establishing Community Pride After a Jim Crow Atrocity 一位社区活动家、一位文化人类学家和一位考古学家走进墓地:吉姆·克劳暴行后重建社区自豪感
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2021.1902185
E. Bailey, C. Ewen
{"title":"A Community Activist, a Cultural Anthropologist, and an Archaeologist Walk into a Cemetery: Re-establishing Community Pride After a Jim Crow Atrocity","authors":"E. Bailey, C. Ewen","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2021.1902185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2021.1902185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1914, following the passage of Jim Crow segregation laws, over a dozen African American graves were exhumed from the primarily White Cedar Grove Cemetery in New Bern, North Carolina and reburied in the nearby Black Greenwood Cemetery. A century later, local community activists contacted anthropologists at East Carolina University to investigate the site of this atrocity. Archaeological work relocated the reburied remains and found them to be in such poor condition that the city elected to post signage commemorating this history rather than moving the graves yet again. The collaboration between the city and the university was able to produce an acceptable, if not perfect, solution to a potentially volatile problem.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2021.1902185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44153096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Urban Slavery in West and West Central Africa during the Transatlantic Slave Trade 跨大西洋奴隶贸易期间西非和中非西部的城市奴隶制
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1802159
Martin Klein
{"title":"Urban Slavery in West and West Central Africa during the Transatlantic Slave Trade","authors":"Martin Klein","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1802159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1802159","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The trade in enslaved captives across the Atlantic Ocean shaped West and West Central Africa’s urban shoreline. Towns adjusted to or were created for service to that trade. In turn, these towns shaped the socioeconomic realities of their hinterlands. Between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, this impact was felt nowhere more than among the enslaved and freed-slave migrants who made their way to perceived opportunities on the coast. This article examines these migrants’ experiences through a comparative regional approach. We look first at Saint Louis du Senegal and then compare the Gold Coast, Whydah, Lagos, the Bight of Biafra, Luanda, and Benguela. Each of these cities had its own particular qualities, often shaped by geography, but there were also common features. They all depended heavily on slave labor and, in several, female slave ownership was important. Most significantly, slavery in these cities was marked by considerable autonomy for the enslaved.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1802159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Looking for Life”: Traces of Slavery in the Structures and Social Lives of Southern Swahili Towns “寻找生命”：斯瓦希里南部城镇结构和社会生活中的奴隶制痕迹
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1804691
F. Becker
{"title":"“Looking for Life”: Traces of Slavery in the Structures and Social Lives of Southern Swahili Towns","authors":"F. Becker","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1804691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1804691","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article traces the history of slavery and of post-slavery struggles for livelihood and status in the layout, the physical structures, and the social lives of three towns on the southern Swahili Coast: Kilwa, Mikindani, and Lindi. These towns were long surrounded by plantations that relied on the labor of enslaved people. In the first decades of the twentieth century, slave populations dissipated quickly. In towns, the colonial cash crop economy, voluntary rural-urban migration, and the decline of slave-owning elites combined to allow former slaves to assimilate and adopt new urbanite identities. Sufi orders played a central role in affording ex-slaves a respectable presence in town. Nevertheless, former slave owners and former slaves lived in different parts of these towns, former slaves’ livelihoods were more precarious, and the imputation of slave origins remains offensive, even today. Indeed, the era of slavery still divides people and still engages the social imagination.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1804691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49267772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Fear of the Dark: Urban Insecurity and the Legacies of Slavery in Antananarivo, Madagascar 对黑暗的恐惧:马达加斯加塔那那利佛的城市不安全感和奴隶制的遗产
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2020.1802158
Marco Gardini
{"title":"Fear of the Dark: Urban Insecurity and the Legacies of Slavery in Antananarivo, Madagascar","authors":"Marco Gardini","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2020.1802158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2020.1802158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the last few years, many inhabitants of Madagascar’s capital city Antananarivo have started to perceive an increase in insecurity, crime, and violence. By the evening, people lock themselves in their houses out of fear of robbery and assault. Many urban dwellers blame this insecurity on organized criminal groups coming from the poorest neighborhoods of the capital—neighborhoods inhabited mainly by migrants from other regions of the island and by slave descendants. By investigating the local dynamics of economic and social marginalization that slave descendants and migrants experience and by exploring the growing “fear of the dark” perceived by people belonging to different status groups, this paper demonstrates how memories of slavery are still deeply inscribed in the social geography of Antananarivo. It traces how the legacies of slavery are reshaped in an urban context where social divisions between status groups still permeate local representations of poverty and insecurity.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2020.1802158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42346658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Community Development and Cultural Creolization Through Food: The Oval Site at Stratford Hall Plantation 通过食物的社区发展和文化克里奥尔化:斯特拉特福德大厅种植园的椭圆形场地
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2021.1878431
A. Crowder
{"title":"Community Development and Cultural Creolization Through Food: The Oval Site at Stratford Hall Plantation","authors":"A. Crowder","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2021.1878431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2021.1878431","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The once-dynamic Oval Site at Stratford Hall Plantation in Westmoreland County, Virginia, is a prime example of how the history of an enslaved community can be lost to time. As an eighteenth-century farm quarter that housed both an overseer and enslaved individuals, the undocumented space was a location of constant cultural interaction and negotiation that, without archaeology, would have remained unknown. An archaeobotanical analysis conducted on plant remains recovered from the site demonstrates how enslaved Africans and African Americans on the site acquired and consumed food, and interacted with the site overseer and slave owners. Identified botanical material suggests that food was both a mechanism and a product of community development, identity formation, and agency assertion. The botanical assemblage further illuminates the multitude of influences and experiences that went into forming new, creolized African American foodways.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2021.1878431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Transforming Foodways: Changes in Diet, Procurement, Consumption, and Access for Laborers on the Stono Plantation, James Island, South Carolina 改变食物的方式:饮食的变化，采购，消费，劳动者在斯托诺种植园，詹姆斯岛，南卡罗来纳州
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/21619441.2021.1923307
Brandy Joy
{"title":"Transforming Foodways: Changes in Diet, Procurement, Consumption, and Access for Laborers on the Stono Plantation, James Island, South Carolina","authors":"Brandy Joy","doi":"10.1080/21619441.2021.1923307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21619441.2021.1923307","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Stono Plantation cultivated produce and cotton for the city of Charleston. The plantation’s labor force was originally comprised primarily of enslaved Africans working on a task system. After emancipation, the plantation continued its operations using a “free” primarily African American labor force based upon a sharecropping and/or tenant system. The foodways of plantation laborers changed little over time. Those shifts that did occur between enslavement and emancipation related to increased reliance upon mass-produced foodstuffs and mass-produced goods associated with cooking and eating. This transition involved increased access by laborers to formal and/or illicit markets and reflects the industrialization of the South Carolina Lowcountry during the late nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":37778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21619441.2021.1923307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44579558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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