European Journal of General Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Perceived Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Practitioners: A Bi-Country Survey","authors":"Khaloud Tariq, Kanza Iqbal, H. Bhutta, Muhammad Hassan, F. Baloch","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1747924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1747924","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective COVID-19 resulted in dentistry being declared high-risk occupation due to the mode of the spread of the virus. This resulted in partial and complete closure of dental practices around the world, reducing revenue of practitioners. Hence, study aims to evaluate financial impact on dental practitioners in Pakistan and UAE.\u0000 Materials and Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021. It involved questions relating to demographics and financial challenges faced, associated with change in standard operating procedures due to pandemic. The descriptive statistics were expressed as frequency and percentage. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square test or Fischer's exact test.\u0000 Results In total, 427 respondents participated in the study. Approximately half (55.7%) of the respondents had their practices shut down, while 89.9% observed decrease in patient flow. The majority (82.2%) of respondents had to buy personal protective equipment (PPE), whereas 66.7% had to pay a high cost for that. Almost 87.3% of respondents reported having experienced financial constraints because of the pandemic related changes to the practice. Moreover, 27.8% reported staff being laid off, which were mostly due to monetary constrictions.\u0000 Conclusion Dental professionals faced a considerable impact on their practice and financial situation due to pandemic. Policies must be made to support such professionals in times of emergency who are at higher risk of being most affected with respect to health and finances.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49376250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Push-out Evaluation on Metal and Fiber Posts Using Two Different Types of Cement in a Hyper-Narrow Environment","authors":"Elanz Shafigh, R. Fekrazad, M. Bahrani","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1749333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749333","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective  Some teeth will be damaged due to caries, trauma, or previous improvement; posts are used to repair them. Underwater divers suffer from barodontalgia as a result of the tremendous amount of pressure they feel when diving. Meanwhile, barodontalgia instances involve teeth with defective restorations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the push-out bond strength on metal and fiber posts using two different types of cement in a hyper-narrow environment. Materials and methods  In this study, 96 single-rooted teeth, including central and lateral maxillary teeth and mandibular premolars were provided and underwent endodontic treatment. Root canal treatment, including cleaning the root canal using the manual and rotary files was performed in f2 size with 6% tipper. For purification, washing was performed in two steps with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline, respectively. The obtained data were evaluated using statistical methods such as one-way analysis of variance and the Levene and Tamhane additional tests. Results  The quantity of push-out strength was dramatically reduced in the metal posts and fibers groups due to increasing ambient pressure. The highest decrease rate was observed in the group of metal posts and resin cement. The highest bond strength in a typical environment was related to fiber posts, and among the fiber groups, those that had the highest bond strength were used as a combination of resin cement and fiber posts. Conclusion  The highest level of bond strength among the study groups, at standard pressure and in a hyper-narrow environment, was related to fiber posts and resin cement. Therefore, the best choice for treatments for divers in a hyper-narrow climate is a combination of fiber posts and resin cement.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"166 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44723050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction in SARS-CoV-2 Oral Viral Load with Prophylactic Mouth Rinse","authors":"S. Ghasemi, S. Nadji, A. Heidari, James N. Jeffery, M. Karimi-Galougahi, Negar Raygani, S. Khazaei, Freshteh Mehri, A. Poormohammadi, S. Bashirian, M. Mehrpooya, Amirfarhang Miresmaeili, F. Jalilian, S. Shirahmadi, F. Keramat, A. Soltanian, N. Ansari, Farhad Zeynalzadeh, Amirali Ebrahimi, Amirreza Dashti, R. Bloomquist, M. Dashti","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1747958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1747958","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives The medical and health facilities are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study tested the preprocedural prophylactic mouthwash rinses to reduce the oral viral load. The findings from this study will help the practitioners to select the best mouthwash for the patients to mitigate the risk of transmission during aerosolizing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four commonly used types of mouthwash in reducing intraoral viral load among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients.\u0000 Materials and Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted with 116 patients referred to the Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences of Hamadan City, and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Patients were randomized into four groups with each group rinsed their mouth with 20 mL of 2% povidone-iodine, 1% hydrogen peroxide, normal saline as a control study group, or 0.12% chlorhexidine, respectively, for 20 seconds. The standard reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method evaluated the virus load before and at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after using the mentioned mouthwash.\u0000 Results Our results revealed that chlorhexidine and H2O2 showed the highest efficiency in reducing SARS-Co-2 load in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal region of patients; they increased the Ct values by 9 to 10 (before: 25.84 vs. after 32. 4, p < 0.455) (17.333 vs. after 26.497, p <0.097).\u0000 Conclusion Our findings suggest that chlorhexidine and H2O2 could be used in dental clinics to reduce the risk of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus from infected individuals to dentists before dental procedures.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43672751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alignment Efficiency of Nickel-Free Niobium–Titanium–Tantalum–Zirconium Compared to Nickel–Titanium Orthodontic Archwires during Initial Treatment Phase: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Ahmed T. Hussein, A. Abouelnour, F. Hussein","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective  This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficiency of nickel–titanium (NiTi) and nickel-free archwires during the initial leveling and alignment stage. Materials and Methods  A total of 30 patients (mean age, 17.81 ± 1.96 years) were randomly grouped to receive either single-strand or niobium–titanium–tantalum–zirconium (nickel-free Gummetal), or multistrand NiTi archwires. All the patients had moderate anterior crowding and were treated via a nonextraction approach. Three-dimensional digital models were taken at baseline (T0) and 4-week intervals for three months (T1, T2, and T3). The amount and percentage variations in Little's Irregularity Index (LII) scores during the 3-month observation period were used to estimate alignment efficiency and rate. Statistical Analysis  The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskall–Wallis tests were used to test the differences between the three archwire groups. The difference between variables within each group at different measurement intervals was assessed using paired t -test. Results  The LII scores were reduced in all the three archwire groups; however, there were insignificant differences in the scores between the tested archwire groups ( p  < 0.05). For the single-strand NiTi group, the LII scores reduced by 2.15 mm (28.38%) after 4 weeks (T1) by 3.79 mm (47.93%) after 8 weeks (T2), and by 5.61 mm (73.98%) after 12 weeks (T3). The LII scores decreased by 1.90 mm (26.93%) after 4 weeks, 3.59 mm (50.84%) after 8 weeks, and 5.28 mm (74.85%) after 12 weeks with Gummetal archwire. Similar to the other groups, the LII scores for multistrand archwire reduced by 1.82 (27.83%), 3.34 (51.07%), and 4.54 mm (69.38%) at T1, T2, and T3, respectively. There was nonsignificant differences in the alignment rates (mm) and percentage (%) of changes among the groups at all measurement intervals ( p  > 0.05). Conclusion  All three tested archwires were equally effective for correcting moderate mandibular anterior crowding. Furthermore, all three archwires produced a comparable rate of alignment after 12 weeks of initiating orthodontic therapy.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"173 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41722421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative Dentistry in Pakistan: Awareness, Challenges, and Advancements among General Dental Practitioners and Specialists","authors":"Erum Khan, Azeem Hussain Soomro, Muhammad Saleem, Zahid Hussain Siyal, Sabir Ali, Z. Khurshid","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective Regenerative dentistry has developed a revolutionary advancement in dentistry worldwide. However, significant research still needs to be taken to overcome the challenges in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to evaluate the understanding of general and specialist dentists toward different grafts and their resources during surgical procedures.\u0000 Methodology A questionnaire was disseminated for our survey-based study, emailed the soft copy, and distributed the hard copies among 400 general dental practitioners (GDPs) and specialists throughout Pakistan to evaluate the types of grafts used to cover bone or soft tissue defects. Out of 400 GDPs and dental specialists, 200 participants returned the completed questionnaires.\u0000 Results Nearly 200 dental surgeons participated from different regions of Pakistan. Most of the GDPs and specialists in Pakistan are not well aware of tissue-engineered grafts and their role in dentistry. The frequency of utilizing a patient's oral fibroblast to generate the collagen is 5.5%. Most of the GDPs are not aware of the resource of bony spicules if utilized which is 49.5%. Consequently, the use of regenerated tissue (oral) grafts is significantly overlooked in Pakistan (p < 0.001).\u0000 Conclusion Tissue engineering is an extremely encouraging area of reparative biology that attracts the latest innovation in maxillofacial surgery, oral pathology, implantology, cellular and molecular biology, chemistry, and physiology.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42486972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Journey toward Online Teaching: Lessons Learnt","authors":"Shaur Sarfaraz, S. Ali, Z. Khurshid, S. M. Aly","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1742643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742643","url":null,"abstract":"On March 18, 2020, all the universities received a memorandum from higher authorities that all in-person classes had been suspended due to spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the teaching and learning would continue remotely. This was distressing news for most faculty members and students who had never conducted or attended classes online and were unprepared for remote education. Although experienced, these teachers were used to face-to-facemode of interaction and not necessarily adept at using technology.1 Switching from a face-to-face classroom to online classes requires preparation and adjustment for instructors, staff, and students alike. If the medium is the message, then you cannot replicate the exact same lecture content and teaching method you had planned for a face-toface classroom in an online asynchronous or synchronous session—at least not without dividing them into small chunks, making few amendments and modification to benefit student learning.2 For most of the young generation especially students, the transition was not as difficult. Today’s students are members of Generation Z—digital natives who are accustomed to technology in every facet of their lives and have a real stake in their own education.3 So, they have an ability to get benefit from dynamic, immersive learning experiences and to get engaged and collaboratewith their peers comfortably. On the other hand, teachers were required to modify their teaching strategies and styles to meet the needs and maintain students’ interest and engagement.4 At Institute of Medical Education, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan, the faculty braved this challenge with full commitment and enthusiasm and we from the very next day of the notification went online and started training and developing faculty for online teaching and assessment. It was not easy and required a lot of effort from our faculty members to acquaint themselves with technology first and then teach the same. Despite that much effort, there were times when we faltered and got not-so-pleasant feedback from students. However, not losing heart the journey was continued. The students, mostly faculty of basic and clinical sciences from public and private medical and dental institutions, patiently andwillingly went along on these unchartered territories to continue learning through online sessions. With the passage of time and hard work, highly appreciative student feedback started motivating us, and we were able to successfully conduct all the courses. During this journey we have learned a lot of lessons and built up our future online courses on that basis to improve the quality of delivery. Placed below are few lessons that we have learnt on this journey in developing expertise for conducting interactive, engaging, and useful online teaching sessions.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45052556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Time Required by Six Different Retreatment Techniques for Retrieval of Gutta-Percha: An In Vitro Study","authors":"S. Indi, S. Desai, Ashwini Hambire, M. Mustafa, A. Almokhatieb, M. Abuelqomsan, A. Abdulwahed, H. Alamri","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective  A retreatment is a conservative approach than periapical surgery in case of failed root canal treatment. Retreatment techniques that are efficient and faster should be the main concern to treat endodontic failure. This study aimed to compare the time required by various hand and rotary retreatment systems for the retrieval of gutta-percha (GP) from root canals. Materials and Methods  A total of 120 extracted single-rooted premolar teeth with straight canals were chosen. Biomechanical preparation was completed using the Step-Back approach keeping the master apical file size 35. Then, teeth were down-packed and back-filled with System B device, along with AH Plus sealer. The teeth were categorized into six groups ( n  = 20) at random as per techniques applied for retrieval of GP: group I hand instrumentation (Hedstrom files and Gates-Glidden drills); group II ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) system; group III Mtwo Retreatment (Mtwo R) system; group IV D-RaCe; group V R-Endo; and group VI Mani Gutta Percha Remover (NRT-GPR). A chronometer was used to measure the time required for retrieval of GP. Data were examined by comparative evaluation of one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test. Results  Among all the retreatment techniques used, D-RaCe was faster in GP retrieval than other groups. NRT-GPR system also took less time than other groups except for the D-RaCe system. The Mtwo R system was the slowest among all groups. Conclusion  D-RaCe retreatment instruments required extensively less time for retrieval of GP than other groups ( p  < 0.001).","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"181 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46831693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Type and Thickness of Cervical Margins on the Strength of Posterior Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: A Review","authors":"Camille Haddad, Kathy Azzi","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1744207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744207","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective The aim of this research is to review the literature for the influence of the thickness and shape of cervical margins on the strength of posterior monolithic zirconia crowns.\u0000 Materials and Methods Studies to assess the fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crowns with different types of cervical margins, published from 2014 to 2020, were searched using the electronic database PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “monolithic zirconia,” “translucent,” “shoulderless,” and “margin preparation design.”\u0000 Results Analysis of studies has shown that overall the design of the margin would have a significant effect on the strength of these crowns. Monolithic zirconia crowns with a knife-edge margin have shown a breaking load higher than the maximum chewing force of humans.\u0000 Conclusion It would be safe to suggest the utilization of posterior monolithic zirconia crowns with vertical preparation. As the new translucent monolithic zirconia crowns are recent, further studies would be needed to guide the selection of the appropriate minimum thickness of the knife-edge margin to meet the clinical guidelines for their use.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44624949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Battery Discharge on the Output from Budget Light-Curing Units","authors":"A. Al-Zain, I. Alshehri, H.MH. Jamalellail, R. Price","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives The manufacturers of budget light-curing units (LCUs) often claim to provide high-quality units that are equivalent to LCUs from major manufacturers. This study investigated the effects of battery discharge on the light output from different budget LCUs compared to a major manufacturer.\u0000 Materials and Methods Two brands of budget LCUs (LY-A180 and LED-CL) were compared to a control LCU from a major manufacturer (3M). The LCUs were fully charged, and their light outputs were measured over one battery discharge cycle using repeated 10-second exposures at a 0-mm distance.\u0000 Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test.\u0000 Results The budget LCUs delivered fluctuating light output values. In their first exposure, the budget LCUs delivered between 205 and 444 mW power, an irradiance between 533 and 1154 mW/cm2, and a radiant exposure between 5.3 and 11.5 J/cm2. As the number of exposures increased, their light output decreased between 24 and 81%, while the control LCU showed only a 4.9% decrease in power and irradiance. The light outputs from the budget LCUs were significantly less than the control LCU, and they were significantly from each other.\u0000 Conclusion The budget LCUs tested could not maintain their power, irradiance, and radiant exposure output values as the battery discharged. This supports the recommendation that clinicians should be very cautious when using budget LCUs in their clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44994870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Copy Denture Technique—A Practical Approach for Duplicating Existing Dentures","authors":"Mehwish Khan, Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi, Sameer Quraeshi, Shah wazir","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1744206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744206","url":null,"abstract":"Provision of copy dentures to complete denture patients is often needed in clinical practice. Several edentulous patients want an additional set of dentures to avoid being without them in case the existing ones are broken or lost, whereas some patients have adapted to their old dentures so much that they do not want them to be replaced by a completely new prosthesis. This article presents a technique for the fabrication of a copy denture that allows duplicate dentures to be processed in heat-cure acrylic resin in two clinical visits, without leaving the dentures at dental office.","PeriodicalId":37771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42652869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}