Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych最新文献_第5页

Environmental aspects of food wastage in trade – a case study 贸易中食品浪费的环境因素——一个案例研究

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2020-0009

B. Bilska, M. Tomaszewska, D. Kołożyn-Krajewska, K. Szczepański, Robert Łaba, Sylwia Łaba

{"title":"Environmental aspects of food wastage in trade – a case study","authors":"B. Bilska, M. Tomaszewska, D. Kołożyn-Krajewska, K. Szczepański, Robert Łaba, Sylwia Łaba","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food production is connected with a negative effect on the environment as it is linked with the utilisation of natural resources such as fresh water and with the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). It is, therefore, very important to prevent the wastage of food at all food chain stages. Special attention should be paid to the phenomena which burden the environment in an unjustified way. One such example may be the waste of final products at the stage of retail sale objects. The purpose of the present paper was to estimate the effect of wasted food in the selected network of the retail sale on the environment with the application of water footprint indicator and CO2 emission. On the grounds of the collected data, the participation of food withdrawn from the trade, the reasons for the mentioned phenomenon and the size of the wasted food products and those donated to charities were established. Based upon such data, the level of CO2 emission and the water print of the products which have not been utilised according to their destination were estimated. In spite of the fact that the animal origin products were characterised by a small participation in the weight of the unsold food (ca. 13.34% annually), they constituted the main source of CO2 emission and water footprint estimated from the food waste. It was calculated that the annual turnover and waste of the products only in one trade network was connected with the unjustified emission of ca. 12 thousand tonnes of CO2 and 13 million m3 of water footprint.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45714991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Preliminary studies on the damage to the leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) caused by insects and mites in the Cisów-Orłowiny Landscape Park Cisów-Orłowiny景观公园山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica L.)叶片虫螨危害的初步研究

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2020-0005

Magdalena Baćkowska, Jolanta Bąk-Badowska, I. Żeber-Dzikowska, B. Gworek

引用次数: 0

Economics of climate change 气候变化经济学

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2020-0004

T. Żylicz

{"title":"Economics of climate change","authors":"T. Żylicz","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper looks at the ineffectiveness of climate protection undertaken by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Despite the emission reduction measures commenced by some countries, the global emission of carbon dioxide has increased more than 40% since the adoption of the UNFCCC. The most important reason of the catastrophe is the so-called Berlin Mandate (1995), which exempts most of the countries in the world – including China that became the largest emitter in 2006 – from taking any binding commitments to reduce emissions. The Paris Agreement (2015) has been the first attempt to overcome the failure. There are a number of economic reasons why the protection process has not been successful so far. ‘Carbon leakage’ caused by the fact that most countries do not have binding commitments implies that emission from economies that impose restrictions moves to where it is not constrained. This calls for a global agreement on emission reduction. Such a global agreement requires recognition of the fact that climate protection is a public good. It is surprising that those UNFCCC signatories, who are likely to be hit by the lack of protection most acutely, hesitate to adopt effective provisions.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41842095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maize (Zea mays) reaction in response to rubber rag additive into the soil 玉米（Zea mays）对土壤中添加橡胶抹布的反应

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2020-0001

Magdalena Marchel, B. Mossety-Leszczak, M. Walczak

引用次数: 0

The modification of an epoxy resin by natural plant materials 用天然植物材料对环氧树脂进行改性

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2020-0003

Joanna Masiewicz, Martyna Roszowska-Jarosz, M. Kostrzewa, Aleksandra Jasik, Paulina Krawczyk

引用次数: 2

The use of modified vegetable oil from Crambe abyssinica as a lubricant base for the food industry 从蓝草中提取的改性植物油作为食品工业的润滑剂

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2020-0002

Justyna Chrobak, J. Iłowska, R. Grabowski, Michał Szmatoła, H. Studnik, Kamil Korasiak, J. Drabik

{"title":"The use of modified vegetable oil from Crambe abyssinica as a lubricant base for the food industry","authors":"Justyna Chrobak, J. Iłowska, R. Grabowski, Michał Szmatoła, H. Studnik, Kamil Korasiak, J. Drabik","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lubricants that are based on vegetable oils and other renewable resources are the subject of many research studies and can be used in various applications, especially in the food industry, which is characterized by the high quality requirements related to the necessity to develop biodegradable lubricants that are environmentally friendly and do not contain harmful components and are safe to use for people. The objective of the described research was to obtain a base oil with a certain viscosity, which is higher than the viscosity of the initial vegetable oil, and certain lubricating properties. The initial oil derived from Crambe abyssinica was subjected to oxidation in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide with or without supercritical CO2 as a solvent. As a final result of this study, base oils meeting the viscosity requirements and having high biodegradability were obtained. The Raman spectra of the modified vegetable oils were evaluated and they were used for the initial assessment of the composition and the evaluation of the presence of harmful chemical compounds.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48618505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparison of financial and external costs related to the use of selected electric and conventional passenger cars – the example of Poland 与使用选定的电动和传统乘用车有关的财务和外部成本的比较-以波兰为例

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2019-0017

M. Trela

{"title":"Comparison of financial and external costs related to the use of selected electric and conventional passenger cars – the example of Poland","authors":"M. Trela","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2019-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2019-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the early 1990s, more and more restrictive car emission standards have been successively introduced, and since 2015, targets of CO2 emission have also been in force. Even though these measures are effective in decreasing the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and also CO2 in recent years in the European Union (EU), the European Commission more and more emphatically stresses the necessity of evolution of the conventional road transport towards electromobility. The paper presents the financial and environmental aspects related to the use of selected passenger cars in Poland. External effects were calculated taking into account emission from the wear and tear of tyres and braking systems (conventional and electric cars), fuel combustion (conventional cars) and emission related to the production of the energy needed for propelling vehicles in the Polish energy sector (electric cars). The external costs were calculated in terms of emission for all the vehicles in the analysis. On this basis, conclusions were drawn with regard to the economic justification for the purchase and use of vehicles in Poland.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47408687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The electricity production in Poland compared to selected European countries 与选定的欧洲国家相比，波兰的电力生产

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2019-0018

I. Kargulewicz, D. Zasina

引用次数: 0

Floristic diversity in selected city parks in southern Poland 波兰南部选定城市公园的植物多样性

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2019-0020

O. Rahmonov, Katarzyna Pukowiec-Kurda, Jarosław Banaszek, K. Brom

{"title":"Floristic diversity in selected city parks in southern Poland","authors":"O. Rahmonov, Katarzyna Pukowiec-Kurda, Jarosław Banaszek, K. Brom","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2019-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2019-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ecosystems of city parks are one of the most important refuges of biodiversity in urbanized areas. Recently, naturalists have had an increased interest in floristic diversity in regions that have been drastically modified by human activity, particularly in urban spaces. Investigations were conducted at various levels of the biological organization, to protect the environment and to promote floristic diversity. The aim of this study is to present floristic diversity in urban parks in southern Poland. The research was conducted in 10 parks located in 3 cities (Dąbrowa Górnicza, Sosnowiec and Będzin). These parks have been formed at different times, on various parent rocks. They are both natural and anthropogenic in origin and have different sizes (the smallest being 6 ha and the largest 67 ha). Their common features are way of use and management. The results of this investigation have confirmed 426 vascular plants belonging to 83 families and 247 genera. The highest number of species belongs to Asteraceae and Poaceae. Grabek Park is the most species rich (288) in comparison to the other parks investigated. Research on urban parks shows important links between floral diversity and biodiversity within highly urbanized areas in city centres and in urban spaces in general. This variety includes both native species and alien species, which are often called ‘park species’ with a decorative origin.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49530307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Regulation of the food waste measuring in the EU in the light of the need of counteracting the food wastage 根据应对食物浪费的需要，对欧盟的食物浪费计量进行监管

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2019-0015

Sylwia Łaba, Mikołaj Niedek, K. Szczepański, Robert Łaba, Anna Kamińska‐Dwórznicka

{"title":"Regulation of the food waste measuring in the EU in the light of the need of counteracting the food wastage","authors":"Sylwia Łaba, Mikołaj Niedek, K. Szczepański, Robert Łaba, Anna Kamińska‐Dwórznicka","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents the analysis of the guidelines of the European Union, adopted in May, 2019, on the common methodology and quality requirements for the uniform system of measuring the food waste levels in the EU Member States. The Waste Framework Directive obliges the Member States to monitor the generation of food waste and to take measures to limit their production; however, a lack of uniform, reliable method for measuring the food waste levels in the EU causes that it is difficult to evaluate the scale of the problem, its sources and the related tendencies in time. The food waste is generated across the whole food supply chain; so, it is especially troublesome to determine the level of the discussed waste. The food waste with different characteristics, different source and different reasons for its generation is produced in each stage of the chain. The current data on the food wastes do not specify their quantities. In connection with this fact, a separate legal act was developed, that is, the Commission Delegated Decision (EU) dated 3 May 2019, focusing on the measuring of food waste, which is harmonized with the existing systems of data collection and provides a framework for further measures of the Member States in respect of the quantitative determination of the food waste that is generated.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42893438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5