Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Scatter Correction in 128-slice Fan-Beam Computed Tomography Scan using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission Monte Carlo Simulation.","authors":"Iman Azinkhah,&nbsp;Mahdi Sadeghi,&nbsp;Peyman Sheikhzadeh,&nbsp;Malakeh Malekzadeh","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_71_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_71_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Simulation of tomographic imaging systems with fan-beam geometry, estimation of scattered beam profile using Monte Carlo techniques, and scatter correction using estimated data have always been new challenges in the field of medical imaging. The most important aspect is to ensure the results of the simulation and the accuracy of the scatter correction. This study aims to simulate 128-slice computed tomography (CT) scan using the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) program, to assess the validity of this simulation and estimate the scatter profile. Finally, a quantitative comparison of the results is made from scatter correction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 128-slice CT scan devices with fan-beam geometry along with two phantoms were simulated by GATE program. Two validation methods were performed to validate the simulation results. The data obtained from scatter estimation of the simulation was used in a projection-based scatter correction technique, and the post-correction results were analyzed using four quantities, such as: pixel intensity, CT number inaccuracy, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both validation methods have confirmed the appropriate accuracy of the simulation. In the quantitative analysis of the results before and after the scatter correction, it should be said that the pixel intensity patterns were close to each other, and the accuracy of the CT scan number reached <10%. Moreover, CNR and SNR have increased by more than 30%-65% respectively in all studied areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The comparison of the results before and after scatter correction shows an improvement in CNR and SNR while a reduction in cupping artifact according to pixel intensity pattern and enhanced CT number accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"13 4","pages":"280-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/30/JMSS-13-280.PMC10559296.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41104405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Field Recording of Six Biaxial Angles and Plantar Pressures in Weightlifting through a Wearable System.","authors":"Miguel Fernando Cárdenas-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Cristhian Geovanny Paute-Tigre,&nbsp;Freddy Leonardo Bueno-Palomeque","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_61_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_61_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monitoring and evaluation of the techniques used in weightlifting are based on the subjective observation of the coach, which can ignore important aspects of short duration. This study aimed to implement an embedded system to register the angular variation of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, and plantar pressure during training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four professional and four amateur athletes performed five snatch lifts. To evaluate the angular measurement, the tests were simultaneously videotaped and the results were contrasted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The angular data presented a correlation coefficient of 0.92 and a delay of 495 ± 200 ms. The characterization of the sensors was implemented in a microcontroller with a mean absolute percentage error of 18.8% in the measurements. When comparing the average results between the elite and amateur groups, the amateur group performed a delayed descent in the first three phases of the lift and an accelerated descent in the fourth phase. A not uniform plantar pressure was registered in the same group, causing a reduction in the final speed of recovery with the barbell.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed system has been developed for biaxial angular registration of hip, knee, ankle, and plantar pressure during weightlifting snatch. The option to contrast between signals presented by the system met the requirements requested by the coaching staff and is seen as a promising quantitative analysis tool to support the coach and the athlete.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"13 4","pages":"290-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/2f/JMSS-13-290.PMC10559295.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Manufacturing Process and Mechanical Evaluation of a Functionally Graded Biodegradable Composite Screw for Orthopedic Applications.","authors":"Anosheh Zargar Kharazi,&nbsp;Emad Hosseini,&nbsp;Amir Shafaat,&nbsp;Mohammad Hosein Fathi","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_5_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metal screws are commonly used for fracture fixations. However, the high modulus of elasticity relative to bones and releasing metallic ions by the metal screw needed a second surgery to remove the implant after the healing period. Furthermore, the removal of metal screws following the healing of the bone is a serious problem that can lead to refracture due to the presence of holes in the screw. Bioresorbable screws can overcome most of the problems associated with metallic screws which motivated research on manufacturing nonmetallic screws.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, three-layer poly L-lactic acid/bioactive glass composite screws were manufactured according to functionally graded material theory, by the forging process. All of the physical and chemical parameters in the manufacturing stages from making composite layers to the forging process were optimized to obtain suitable mechanical properties and durability off the screw in load-bearing positions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tri-layer composite screw with unidirectional, ±20° angled, and random fibers orientation from core to shell shows a flexural load of 661.5 ± 20.3 (N) with a decrease about 31% after 4-week degradation. Furthermore, its pull-out force was 1.8 ± 0.1 (N) which is considerably more than the degradable polymeric screws. Moreover, the integrity of the composite screws was maintained during the degradation process.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By optimizing the manufacturing process and composition of the composite and crystallinity, mechanical properties (flexural, torsion, and pull-out) were improved and making it a perfect candidate for load-bearing applications in orthopedic implants. Improving the fiber/matrix interface through the use of a coupling agent was also considered to preserve the initial mechanical properties. The manufactured screw is sufficiently robust enough to replace metals for orthopedic load-bearing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"13 4","pages":"300-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/a1/JMSS-13-300.PMC10559302.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41111955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Emotion Recognition Embedded System using a Lightweight Deep Learning Model.","authors":"Mehdi Bazargani,&nbsp;Amir Tahmasebi,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Yazdchi,&nbsp;Zahra Baharlouei","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_59_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_59_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosing emotional states would improve human-computer interaction (HCI) systems to be more effective in practice. Correlations between Electroencephalography (EEG) signals and emotions have been shown in various research; therefore, EEG signal-based methods are the most accurate and informative.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, three Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, EEGNet, ShallowConvNet and DeepConvNet, which are appropriate for processing EEG signals, are applied to diagnose emotions. We use baseline removal preprocessing to improve classification accuracy. Each network is assessed in two setting ways: subject-dependent and subject-independent. We improve the selected CNN model to be lightweight and implementable on a Raspberry Pi processor. The emotional states are recognized for every three-second epoch of received signals on the embedded system, which can be applied in real-time usage in practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average classification accuracies of 99.10% in the valence and 99.20% in the arousal for subject-dependent and 90.76% in the valence and 90.94% in the arousal for subject independent were achieved on the well-known DEAP dataset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comparison of the results with the related works shows that a highly accurate and implementable model has been achieved for practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"13 4","pages":"272-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/70/b9/JMSS-13-272.PMC10559299.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix-Based Texture Features of Magnetic Resonance Images for Glioblastoma Multiform Patients' Treatment Response Assessment.","authors":"Sanaz Alibabaei,&nbsp;Masoumeh Rahmani,&nbsp;Marziyeh Tahmasbi,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Tahmasebi Birgani,&nbsp;Sasan Razmjoo","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_50_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_50_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical images of cancer patients are usually evaluated qualitatively by clinical specialists which makes the accuracy of the diagnosis subjective and related to the skills of clinicians. Quantitative methods based on the textural feature analysis may be useful to facilitate such evaluations. This study aimed to analyze the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based texture features extracted from T1-axial magnetic resonance (MR) images of glioblastoma multiform (GBM) patients to determine the distinctive features specific to treatment response or disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>20 GLCM-based texture features, in addition to mean, standard deviation, entropy, RMS, kurtosis, and skewness were extracted from step I MR images (obtained 72 h after surgery) and step II MR images (obtained three months later). Responded and not responded patients to treatment were classified manually based on the radiological evaluation of step II images. Extracted texture features from Step I and Step II images were analyzed to determine the distinctive features for each group of responsive or progressive diseases. MATLAB 2020 was applied to feature extraction. SPSS version 26 was used for the statistical analysis. <i>P</i> value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite no statistically significant differences between Step I texture features for two considered groups, almost all step II extracted GLCM-based texture features in addition to entropy M and skewness were significantly different between responsive and progressive disease groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLCM-based texture features extracted from MR images of GBM patients can be used with automatic algorithms for the expeditious prediction or interpretation of response to the treatment quantitatively besides qualitative evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"13 4","pages":"261-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/07/JMSS-13-261.PMC10559301.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41104404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Apraxia Studies in Alzheimer's Disease: A Proof of Concept Experiment.","authors":"Kiarash Azimzadeh,&nbsp;Majid Barekatain,&nbsp;Farinaz Tabibian","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_40_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"obtained. A continuous‐wave OxyMon fNIRS system (Artinis Medical Systems, Netherlands) with 28 active channels and a 10 Hz sampling rate was used. Measured wavelengths were 762 and 845 nm. Based on previous findings, the middle and superior parts of the temporal lobe, inferior and superior parts of the parietal lobe, and superior, middle, and inferior parts of the frontal lobe were selected as regions of interest.[9‐11] Location of optodes was determined using fNIRS Optodes’ Location Decider[12] and the most similar template was selected [Figure 2]. Raw data were processed using Homer3 in MATLAB 2021a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).[13] After the conversion of light intensity signals to an optical density (OD), a bandpass filter of 0.01–0.1 Hz was applied and targeted principle component analysis was performed.[14] Changes in OD were then converted to concentration changes using modified Beer–Lambert Law.[15] Concentration changes within a period of‐2s before stimulus onset to 60s after stimulus onset (2s for baseline, 35s for five stimuli, and 23s for return to baseline) were averaged to obtain the hemodynamic response functions (HRF) during the task. Next, the HRF from channels within one region of interest (ROI) was averaged. Figures 3 and 4 demonstrate the HRF during the task. Overall, this experiment suggests that fNIRS can be used to study apraxia, especially in elderly patients with neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"13 4","pages":"319-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/29/JMSS-13-319.PMC10559297.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss-Modified Transformer-Based U-Net for Accurate Segmentation of Fluids in Optical Coherence Tomography Images of Retinal Diseases.","authors":"Reza Darooei,&nbsp;Milad Nazari,&nbsp;Rahle Kafieh,&nbsp;Hossein Rabbani","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_52_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_52_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging significantly contributes to ophthalmology in the diagnosis of retinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Both diseases involve the abnormal accumulation of fluids, location, and volume, which is vitally informative in detecting the severity of the diseases. Automated and accurate fluid segmentation in OCT images could potentially improve the current clinical diagnosis. This becomes more important by considering the limitations of manual fluid segmentation as a time-consuming and subjective to error method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Deep learning techniques have been applied to various image processing tasks, and their performance has already been explored in the segmentation of fluids in OCTs. This article suggests a novel automated deep learning method utilizing the U-Net structure as the basis. The modifications consist of the application of transformers in the encoder path of the U-Net with the purpose of more concentrated feature extraction. Furthermore, a custom loss function is empirically tailored to efficiently incorporate proper loss functions to deal with the imbalance and noisy images. A weighted combination of Dice loss, focal Tversky loss, and weighted binary cross-entropy is employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Different metrics are calculated. The results show high accuracy (Dice coefficient of 95.52) and robustness of the proposed method in comparison to different methods after adding extra noise to the images (Dice coefficient of 92.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The segmentation of fluid regions in retinal OCT images is critical because it assists clinicians in diagnosing macular edema and executing therapeutic operations more quickly. This study suggests a deep learning framework and novel loss function for automated fluid segmentation of retinal OCT images with excellent accuracy and rapid convergence result.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"13 4","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/d1/JMSS-13-253.PMC10559298.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41153169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Smart Wireless Controlled Visual Acuity Measurement System.","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Vafaie,&nbsp;Ebrahim Ahmadi Beni","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_38_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_38_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, a smart visual acuity measurement (VAM) system is designed and implemented. Hardware of the proposed VAM system consists of two parts: a wireless remote controller, and a high-resolution LCD controlled through a Raspberry-Pi mini-computer. In the remote controller, a 3.5\" graphical LCD with a touch screen is used as a human-machine interface. When a point is pressed on the touch screen, the unique identifier (ID) code of that point as well as its page number is transmitted to the Raspberry-Pi. In the Raspberry-Pi, data are received and processed by a smart application coded in visual studio software. Then, the commanded tasks are executed by the Raspberry-Pi's operating system. Numerous charts, characters, and pictures are stored in the proposed VAM system to provide various VAM options while the size of the optotypes is adjusted automatically based on the distance of the patient from the LCD. The performance of the proposed VAM system is examined practically under the supervision of an expert optometrist where the results indicate that visual acuity, astigmatism, and color blindness of patients can be examined precisely through the proposed VAM system in an easier and more comfortable manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"13 4","pages":"307-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/69/JMSS-13-307.PMC10559300.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric effective dose assessment for routine computed tomography examinations in Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Atefeh Tahmasebzadeh,&nbsp;Asghar Maziyar,&nbsp;Reza Reiazi,&nbsp;Mojtaba Soltani Kermanshahi,&nbsp;Seyyed Hossein Mousavie Anijdan,&nbsp;Reza Paydar","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_115_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmss.jmss_115_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effective dose (ED) for computed tomography (CT) examination in different age groups and medical exposure in pediatric imaging centers in Tehran, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Imaging data were collected from 532 pediatric patients from four age groups subjected to three prevalent procedures. National Cancer Institute CT (NCICT) software was used to calculate the ED value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ED values were 1.60, 4.16, and 10.56 mSv for patients' procedures of head, chest, and abdomen-pelvis, respectively. This study showed a significant difference of ED value among five pediatric medical imaging centers (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In head, chest, and abdomen-pelvis exams, a reduction in ED was evident with decreasing patients' age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As there were significant differences among ED values in five pediatric medical imaging centers, optimizing this value is necessary to decrease this variation. For head CT in infants and also abdomen-pelvis, further reduction in radiation exposure is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"12 3","pages":"227-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/61/JMSS-12-227.PMC9480506.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40369391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of ADHD From EOG Signals Using Approximate Entropy and Petrosain's Fractal Dimension.","authors":"Nasrin Sho'ouri","doi":"10.4103/jmss.jmss_119_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmss.jmss_119_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has shown that eye movements are different in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy people. As a result, electrooculogram (EOG) signals may also differ between the two groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the recorded EOG signals of 30 ADHD children and 30 healthy children (control group) while performing an attention-related task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two features of approximate entropy (ApEn) and Petrosian's fractal dimension (Pet's FD) of EOG signals were calculated for the two groups. Then, the two groups were classified using the vector derived from two features and two support vector machine (SVM) and neural gas (NG) classifiers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis showed that the values of both features were significantly lower in the ADHD group compared to the control group. Moreover, the SVM classifier (accuracy: 84.6% ± 4.4%, sensitivity: 85.2% ± 4.9%, specificity: 78.8% ± 6.5%) was more successful in separating the two groups than the NG (78.1% ± 1.1%, sensitivity: 80.1% ± 6.2%, specificity: 72.2% ± 9.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The decrease in ApEn and Pet's FD values in the EOG signals of the ADHD group showed that their eye movements were slower than the control group and this difference was due to their attention deficit. The results of this study can be used to design an EOG biofeedback training course to reduce the symptoms of ADHD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":37680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors","volume":"12 3","pages":"254-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/74/JMSS-12-254.PMC9480511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}