Arab Journal of Plant Protection最新文献

{"title":"First Record of the Parasitoid Buquetia musca (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) on Papilio machaon (Linnaeus, 1758) Larvae aAlong the Syrian Coast","authors":"Israa Ahmad, A. Ramadan, Louay Aslan, Nadia Khatib","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-39.3.224227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.3.224227","url":null,"abstract":"Larvae samples of Papilio machaon (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected along with its host plant Foeniculum from Tartous governorate (Baniyas and Al Qadmous), Syria during the autumn of 2019. Samples were examined at the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. The larvae were reared and observed at 25±1°C, 60±5% RH, and 16 hr light: 8 hr dark photoperiod, until the emergence of either the parasitoid, Buquetia musca (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) (Diptera: Tachinidae) or the host adults. The parasitoid larvae emerged from the 5 th instar larvae and/or pupal stage. The pupal developmental period was 11.7±1.32 days (n= 13) and adult longevity was 6.2±2.3 days (n= 13). Keywords: Tachinid flies, Buquetia musca, Papilio machaon, Syrian coast","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47187247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Variegated Caper Bug (Stenozygum coloratum Klug, 1845) on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Syria","authors":"A. Ali","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-39.3.228230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.3.228230","url":null,"abstract":"The caper plant is the main host for the variegated caper bug Stenozygum coloratum (Klug, 1845) along the Syrian coast. The plants loose most of their leaves due to high infestation with this bug. The different stages of this bug were observed to feed on the vegetative parts of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., in high numbers (75 to 120 bugs/plant). The symptoms of infestation were white spots on the leaf surface. This report includes information on morphological characteristics of the bug, as well as plant hosts, and reporting sunflower as a new plant host for this insect. Keywords: Stenozygum coloratum, Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, New host plant. Syria","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Integrated Effect Between Low Doses of Herbicide Glyphosate and Plant Extracts in Management of Carrot Crop Daucus carota L. var. sativa Weeds","authors":"Amjad Al Youssef, G. Ibrahim, Anwar Al Mouemar","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-39.3.181188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.3.181188","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out at Abu Jarash Farm and Weed Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, during 2017 winter to investigate the integrated effect of the non-selective herbicide Glyphosate (360 g/l) (Lancer®) and plant extracts of some weeds: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) by using one third and one fourth of the recommended doses of the herbicide mixed with plant extracts for weed management of plots planted with carrot. The integration between herbicide and plant extracts led to 100% weed control when the herbicide was used at 25% of the recommended dose, and was equally effective to that of the recommended dose. The benefits are cost reduction and decrease of harmful effects of synthetic herbicides to the environment. On the other hand, Sorghum bicolor extract was significantly effective in controlling all tested weed species (82.1% effectiveness on Chenopodium album (most sensitive), plant height of wild barley Hordeum murinum L. was 3.8 cm, dry matter content of 4.96% for purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. and 6.58% for hairy amaranth, Amaranthus retroflexus L. Keywords: Integration, herbicides, plant extracts, reduced doses, weeds","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42624476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Mango Sudden Decline Due to Ceratocystis fimbriata Under a Changing Climate","authors":"Amna Al-Ruheili, A. Boluwade, A. Al-Subhi","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-039.3.215223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-039.3.215223","url":null,"abstract":"Mango fruit trees are an important fruit crop due to their high value. Mango sudden decline (MSD) is a major disease that threatens mango trees in Oman and worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify those areas in northern Oman in which Ceratocystis fimbriata (a plant fungal pathogen causing MSD) may establish itself under various climate change scenarios. The MaxEnt model used in this study was based on data for the period 1970-2000 and then projected to future climate periods. This study modeled the future distribution of C. fimbriata for 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100 climatic scenarios. Fifteen affected locations and seven bioclimatic variables were investigated in this study. The model showed values between 0.896 and 0.913 (habitat suitability) which represented a good model outcome. The jackknife test showed that the mean diurnal range in temperature, precipitation of the driest month, and elevation contributed to C. fimbriata distribution. From 2021 through 2040, a total area of 1,889 km2 was found to be highly suitable for C. fimbriata in Northern Oman. Compared with the 2021–2040 period, the poorly suitable area would increase in both 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 periods. The moderately suitable regions for C. fimbriata would decrease under all scenarios investigated. However, the total area of the suitable areas, with all scenarios, would increase, except during the 2041-2060 period. This research offers a tool to better manage and prevent the possible Ceratocystis blight (C. fimbriata) and bark beetle (Hypocryphalus mangiferae) invasions under future projected climatic scenarios. Keywords: Mango sudden decline (MSD), “Ceratocystis fimbriata”, bioclimatic variables, climate change, Sultanate of Oman, Maxent.","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44907330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Genetic Diversity of the Aphid Predator Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) in Different Areas of Syria Using SRAP markers","authors":"Alaa S. Mohamad, A. Basheer, S. Lawand","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-39.3.189196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.3.189196","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in 2020 at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agronomy Department and Research Center for Biological Control Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the variegated ladybug aphid predator Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) collected from different regions in Syria using the SRAP technique (Sequence-related Amplified polymorphism). The number of amplified fragments was 101 bands, 99 of which were polymorphic with a polymorphism rate of 97.99%. The number of polymorphic fragments ranged between two bands by using the primers pair SRAP-12 and 13 bands by using the primers pair SRAP-1, with an average of 6.6 bands for each primers pair. The lowest polymorphism rate was 83.33% for primers pairs SRAP-4 and SRAP-9, whereas the highest polymorphism rate was 100% for the rest of the primers pairs. The results obtained on the degree of genetic diversity of the predator's individuals H. variegata showed that the highest value for percent disagreement values was 0.904 between samples from Damascus and Latakia (Fedio) and Homs and Latakia (Fedio), whereas the lowest value for percent disagreement values was 0.271 between samples from Damascus and Sweida. The phylogenetic tree showed that the studied populations were divided according to their geographical distribution into two main groups; the first group included samples collected from the regions of Damascus, Sweida, and Homs with a genetic distance of 15.51, whereas the second group included samples collected from the regions of Tartous, Jabla (Beit Yashout), and Lattakia (Fedio) with a genetic distance of 11.08. This is the first study to determine genetic diversity of H. variegata in Syria. Keywords: Genetic diversity, predator, Hippodamia variegata, SRAP, Syria","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of Systemic Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) Against Damping-off Disease by Using a Mixture of Mycorrhizae","authors":"Mohamad Imad Khrieba, M. F. Azmeh, Wafaa Chouman, I. Ghazal, Ahmad Ali","doi":"10.22268/AJPP-39.1.061068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.1.061068","url":null,"abstract":"Khrieba, M.I., M.F. Azmeh, W. Chouman, I. Ghazal, and A.K. Ali. 2021. Induction of Systemic Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) Against Damping-off Disease by Using a Mixture of Mycorrhizae. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 61-68. The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in improving the activity of the enzyme peroxidase and its role in controlling tomato damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in a pot experiment during the 2013 growing season. Five treatments were compared with a non-treated control (C): in treatment 1, soil was infested only with Pythium (Py), in treatment 2, soil was infested with mycorrhiza only (My), in treatment 3 soil was infested with Pythium and mycorrhiza at sowing (My+Py), in treatment 4, soil was infested with Pythium and two weeks after sowing with Mycorrhiza (Py-My) and in treatment 5, soil was infested with mycorrhiza and two weeks after sowing with Pythium (My-Py). The results showed that peroxidase concentration in plant tissues 14 days after seed germination in the My treatment (361.91 μmole/mg) significantly exceeded the other treatments. In the treatment where mycorrhiza was added before the pathogen 67 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 39, No. 1 (2021) peroxidase activity reached 183.73 μmole/mg, which was 41% significantly higher than the My+Py treatment in which the pathogen and mycorrhizal inoculant were added together at sowing (108.27 μmole/mg). The peroxidase concentration increased significantly 28 days after seed germination in the My treatment (687.52 μmole/mg) as compared with the Py treatment (10.52 μmole/mg). Results also showed that in the treatment My-Py, where the mycorrhyzal inoculum was added before the pathogen, peroxidase activity (458.27 μmole/mg) was significantly higher than in the treatment Py+My, when the pathogen was added simultaneously with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum (98.67 μmole/mg). Furthermore, results showed that 35 days after seed germination, the enzyme concentration was significantly higher in the My-Py treatment (763.39 μmole/mg) as compared with My+Py treatment (143.5 μmole/mg). Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, VAM, Pythium ultimum, peroxidase, tomato, Syrian coast, induced resistance.","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48630768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Wheat Genotypes to Newly Introduced Selective Herbicides","authors":"Mohamed Ramadan Ahmed El-Taif","doi":"10.22268/AJPP-39.1.055060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.1.055060","url":null,"abstract":"El-Taif, M.R.A. 2021. Sensitivity of Wheat Genotypes to Newly Introduced Selective Herbicides. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 55-60. Field experiments were conducted during the 2017-2018 growing season at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University. The main aim of the study was to assess the sensitivity of six wheat genotypes to the newly introduced herbicides. The wheat genotypes evaluated were: Aba 95, Abu Ghraib-3, Research 22, Para 99, Sham 6 and Rasheed. The three herbicides applied according to the dosage recommended by the manufacturer as follows: (1) Konicor 80EC 750 ml/ha + Spotlight 75WD 20 ml/ha; (2) Plus 4.5% 500 ml/ha; and (3) Chevalier WG 15 300 g/ha, in addition to an untreated control. The experimental design followed was three replications. The herbicide treatments were randomly distributed. The Chevalier herbicide treatment showed the best results with lowest density of weeds 30 days after applying the pesticide (0.4 weeds/m2 ), highest number of wheat tillers (464.7/m2 ) and spikes (453.5/m2 ), the number of grains/spike (26.3) and the 1000 kernels weight (39.6 g), with a total yield of 4.7 tons/ha. Keywords: Sensitivity of wheat varieties, herbicides.","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43500600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Molecular Characterization of Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV) Spread Along the Syrian Coast","authors":"A. Mouhanna, Oos Ali Hasan, Hind Naaman Harhoush Al Obaidi","doi":"10.22268/AJPP-39.1.047054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.1.047054","url":null,"abstract":"Mouhanna, A.M., A.A. Ali Hasan and H.N.H. Alobaidi. 2021. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV) Spread Along the Syrian Coast. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 47-54. Identification of local isolates of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) was investigated using serological and molecular methods. A total of 293 leaf samples from watermelon, zucchini, pumpkin, cucumber, pepper, beans and potato, with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, were collected from fields in two Syrian governorates (Latakia, Tartus) along the Syrian coast. DAS-ELISA tests revealed the presence of WMV in watermelon, zucchini, pumpkin and cucumber samples, with an average relative incidence of 36.95, 26.31, 29.27 and 37.70%, respectively. The infection of pepper with Watermelon mosaic virus was reported for the first time in Syria, with an average relative incidence of 2.94%. WMV was not detected in potato and beans, and these results were confirmed by RT-PCR. The local WMV isolate Cu4 was grouped with an Iranian isolate [EU660584.1] with 98.9% sequence identity. A Turkish isolate [EU660579] was grouped with local WMV isolate Wa2 with 98.3% sequence identity. Furthermore, two local isolates Zu6 and Cu8 represented one sub-group with 99.3% sequence identity. Keywords: Watermelon mosaic virus, DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, CI, Phylogenetic Tree.","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Races Identification of Wheat Rusts in Syria during the 2019 Growing Season","authors":"Shoula Kharouf, Shadi Hamzeh, Mohamad Fawaehz Azmeh","doi":"10.22268/AJPP-39.1.001013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.1.001013","url":null,"abstract":"Kharouf, Sh., Sh. Hamzeh and M.F. Azmeh. 2021. Races Identification of Wheat Rusts in Syria during the 2019 Growing Season. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 1-13. Wheat rust diseases, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (stripe or yellow rust), P. triticina f. sp. tritici (leaf or brown rust) and P. graminis f. sp. tritici (stem or black rust) are important factors affecting both durum and bread wheat production in Syria. Considerable losses were caused by these diseases, especially stripe rust, estimated at more than one million metric tons, in the 2010 season, out of 5 million anticipated production. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and follow the movement of these three rust physiological races. In the 2019 growing season, 165 wheat fields were surveyed, and 312 samples were collected and characterized. Ten races of stripe rust were identified in ten locations, of which, four represent new record in Syria, namely the races 16E154, 69E150, 264E46 and 258E64. In addition, four races of leaf rust were identified in four locations, one of which (BKLP) is a new record in Syria. In addition, three previously recorded stem rust races were identified from three different locations. It should be mentioned that the newly recorded races of stripe rust are able to overcome resistance genes Yr1 and Yr5, on which the resistance of durum wheat cultivars such as \"Cham3\" depended, with a disease severity of 40S recorded in the same locations. It is also worth noting that the stripe rust race 462E128 (warrior) was not detected in the isolates studied. Likewise, the stem rust race Ug99 was also not identified, and because of the aggressiveness of this race, continuous inspection through field surveys accompanied with pathogenicity tests is essential during the coming seasons. Keywords: Stripe (yellow) rust, Leaf (brown) rust, stem (black) rust, race identification, wheat, Syria","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41654378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus on Growth and Yield Parameters of Tomato Crop","authors":"Y. Iftikhar, M. Mubeen, Ashara Sajid, Mohamed Ahmad Zeshan, Q. Shakeel, A. Abbas, Sonum Bashir, Muhammad Kamaran, H. Anwaar","doi":"10.22268/AJPP-039.1.079083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-039.1.079083","url":null,"abstract":"Iftikhar, Y., M. Mubeen, A. Sajid, M.A. Zeshan, Q. Shakeel, A. Abbas, S. Bashir, M. Kamran and H. Anwaar. 2021. Effects of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus on Growth and Yield Parameters of Tomato Crop. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 79-83. Tomato is an important vegetable crop, belongs to the family Solanaceae and is the second most consumed vegetable following potatoes. The tomato crop is grown all over the world in both summer and winter seasons, and plant viruses are a major threat to tomato production. Among these viruses, tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) causes considerable yield loss to tomato crop. This virus is transmitted by a whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) vector. In this study, the effect of TLCV infection, on the following tomato growth and yield parameters, was evaluated: plant leaf number and area, plant biomass, plant height, root length, and plant stem diameter and yield. Tomato plants were transplanted in wellprepared plots with 4 replications. The control group was covered with polyethene bag to avoid whitefly infestation. Plants were scored on the 15th and 30th day after inoculation and TLCV disease severity was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the significant differences between the healthy and infected tomato plants. Moreover, growth and yield parameters were reduced with the increase in disease incidence, disease severity and whitefly infestation. Disease severity was increased with the increase in temperature during the growing season. It can be concluded from this study that TLCV significantly affects growth and yield of the tomato crop. Keywords: Tomato, Tomato leaf curl virus, TLCV, disease incidence, disease severity.","PeriodicalId":37670,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}