AFIPS National Computer Conference最新文献

{"title":"Global networks for information, communications and computers","authors":"K. Samuelson","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499650","url":null,"abstract":"When working with the concept of worldwide or global networks a clear distinction should be made between at least three different aspects. First of all, information networks based on globally distributed knowledge has a long time bearing on accumulated information and data. Secondly, computer networks that are gradually coming into existence provide various means of processing new or already existing information. For some years to come, computer networks will only to a limited extent provide adequate information and knowledge support. Thirdly, communication networks have existed for decades and are gradually improved by advancements in technology. The combined blend of all three kinds of international networks will have a considerable impact on global socioeconomical and geo-cultural trends. If bidirectional broadband telesatellites and universal, multipoint person-to-person communications are promoted, there is hope for \"free flow\" of information. It appears recommendable that resources should be allocated to this trend rather than an over-emphasis on \"massaged\" and filtered data in computer networks.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121158867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The home reckoner: a scenario on the home use of computers","authors":"C. Kagan, Lawrence G. Schear","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499761","url":null,"abstract":"Certain similarities between the \"H.R.\" set and General Purpose computers currently marketed, would indicate that the community of people engaged in the various phases of that business might be interested in a technically oriented description of the appliance in question, and its potential role in the home.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123386425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of virtual machine architecture","authors":"J. Buzen, U. O. Gagliardi","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499667","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 1960's two major evolutionary steps were taken with regard to computing systems architecture. These were the emergence of I/O processors and the use of multiprogramming to improve resource utilization and overall performance. As a consequence of the first step computing systems became multiprocessor configurations where nonidentical processors could have access to the common main memory of the system. The second step resulted in several computational processes sharing a single processor on a time-multiplexed basis while vying for a common pool of resources.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123449024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACCNET: a corporate computer network","authors":"M. L. Coleman","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499633","url":null,"abstract":"The installation of a Digital Equipment Corporation DEC 10, in close proximity to an existing IBM 370/165, initiated an investigation into the techniques of supporting communication between the two machines. The method chosen, use a mini-computer as an interface, suggested the possibility of broadening the investigation into a study of computer networks---the linking of several large computer systems by means of interconnected mini-computers. This paper explains the concept of a network and gives examples of existing networks. It discusses the justifications for a corporate computer network, outlines a proposed stage by stage development, and analyzes and proposes solutions for several of the problems inherent in such a network. These include: software and hardware interfaces, movement of files between dissimilar machines, and file security.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127557934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A structural approach to computer performance analysis","authors":"P. H. Hughes, G. Moe","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499630","url":null,"abstract":"The performance analysis of computer systems is as yet a rather unstructured field in which particular aspects of systems or items of software are studied with the aid of various forms of models and empirical measurements. Kimbleton develops a more general approach to this problem using three primary measures of system performance. The approach to be described here represents a similar philosophy but deals only with throughput as the measure of system performance. This restriction results in a model which is convenient and practical for many purposes, particularly in batch-processing environments. It is hoped that this approach will contribute to the development of a common perspective relating the performance of different aspects of the system to the performance of the whole.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128547014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's different about tactical military languages and compilers","authors":"R. J. Rubey","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499769","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, the programming for tactical military computer applications relied on assembly or machine-oriented languages in contrast to the widespread use of higher-order languages in commercial applications. In the past, the tactical military software development process was plagued with many problems, including the relatively high cost on a per-instruction basis, the long development time required, the necessity for highly-trained engineer-programmers, the non-transferability of the resultant programs, and the considerable difficulty of effective program maintenance. The military customer who had to pay the penalties resulting from these problems became convinced that at least part of the reason for the problem was the reliance on MOLs. As a consequence, the military customer provided the impetus and funding to apply HOL concepts and technology to the unique problems of the tactical military software environment. At the same time, NASA, which encountered the same problems in developing real-time software for space applications, took the same approach. The conclusions reached from the resulting HOL studies and developments has led the customer, in many cases, to insist on the use of a HOL unless it could be conclusively demonstrated that such usage was infeasible.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126446568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A homophonic cipher for computational cryptography","authors":"F. Stahl","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499729","url":null,"abstract":"Computational cryptography deals with the storage and processing of sensitive information in computer systems by enciphering. Sensitive information is information that for one reason or another must be protected from being disclosed to individuals without proper authorization. The need for systems to be secure from unauthorized access to sensitive information has been well documented. Cyrptographic techniques appear to be one of the most simple and secure methods of providing this much needed protection.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"76 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130803756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Another attempt to define computer science","authors":"M. Melkanoff","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499726","url":null,"abstract":"There are equally important scientific and engineering aspects to computer science; they may be described as follows:\u0000 SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE\u0000 The unique aim of the inductive sciences is to predict the future. This has been accomplished in the physical sciences by means of mathematico-symbolic models; the method has been much less successful in the behavioral and life sciences due to the difficulties of constructing soluble models which are valid over a sufficiently large domain. The advent of the computer has made it possible to construct and resolve models sufficiently complex to be interesting although their domain of validity is still limited: The program is here the model. To a large extent, the utility of the mathematical models (or theories) developed in the physical sciences is predicated on the possibility of developing mathematically generalized analytic solutions which permit predictions of very general types of events. This becomes proportionally more difficult as the model becomes more complicated. Thus even though the computer permits resolution of individual cases which otherwise would not be practically feasible, it cannot provide the power of an analytic solution. Thus the scientific aspects of computer science are similar to those of mathematics: they deal with all facets of the construction and especially the resolution of models embodied in this case by programs. The most fundamental problem is still to obtain (if at all possible) general analytic solutions to classes of algorithmic interactions described by programs and this may be considered as one of the most important long-range goals of computer science. In view of the enormous difficulties expected of such an endeavor, secondary goals must also be pursued; these include theoretical studies of program's schema, development and formal analysis of programming languages, development of more powerful computer systems, etc.\u0000 ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE\u0000 The engineering aspects of computer science are directly related to system design. Defining recursively a system as a collection of interacting objects or systems, we are particularly concerned with systems whose components interact through procedures embodied in computer programs. The aim of engineering is to design a system in such a fashion as to optimize a given criterion function subject to certain given constraints. Thus the design of complex systems where the computer plays a major part requires both extensive knowledge of computer science and of the discipline where the system is utilized. Since a computer system is itself a system of hardware and/or software, computer science design is doubly related to computer science: as the discipline wherein the system is utilized and as the discipline necessary to carry out the design.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122126676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method of evaluating mass storage effects on system performance","authors":"M. Diethelm","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499624","url":null,"abstract":"A significant proportion of the cost and usefulness of a computing system lies in its configuration of direct access mass storage. A frequent problem for computing installation management is evaluating the desirability of a change in the mass storage configuration. This problem often manifests itself in the need for quantitative decision criteria for adding a fast(er) direct access device such as a drum, disk or bulk core to a configuration which already includes direct access disk devices. The decision criteria are hopefully some reasonably accurate cost versus performance functions. This paper discusses a technique for quantifying the system performance gains which could be reasonably expected due to the addition of a proposed fast access device to the system configuration. It should be noted that the measurement and analysis techniques are not restricted to the specific question of an addition to the configuration. That particular question has been chosen in the hope that it will serve as an understandable illustration for the reader and in the knowledge that it has been a useful application for the author.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126722952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specifications for the development of a generalized data base planning system","authors":"J. Nunamaker, D. E. Swenson, Andrew Whinston","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499660","url":null,"abstract":"Societal problems and industrial problems, if they are to be studied analytically, will require two broad components: first, a structure or model to analyze the interaction of the variables; and second, a large scale data base. The data base may be used in various ways, such as validation of the model's parameters, input data for actual runs of the model, and simply providing the data itself for other interests. While the ability to devise meaningful models with appropriate supporting data is of primary importance for the advancement of our capacity to serve societal and industrial needs, the possibility of integrating the data base handling techniques with techniques of simulation and optimization will greatly facilitate this work.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115817411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}