AFIPS National Computer Conference最新文献

{"title":"The augmented knowledge workshop","authors":"D. Engelbart, R. Watson, James C. Norton","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499593","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the theme of augmenting a knowledge workshop. The first part of the paper describes the concept and framework of the knowledge workshop. The second part describes aspects of a prototype knowledge workshop being developed within this framework.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127733893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computing at the junior/community college: programs and problems","authors":"H. Highland","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499680","url":null,"abstract":"This and the following papers contain different views of the same subject---\"Computing Education at the Junior/Community College.\" It is a topic that has been long neglected, swept under the rug so to speak, in computing circles. It is about time that this topic was fully aired and its vital importance recognized by all engaged in computer education, business, industry and government. There are probably more students and more teachers involved in computer education at the junior/community colleges than at any other level of education.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127916160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-level language for use with multi-computer networks","authors":"H. Kriloff","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499635","url":null,"abstract":"Two basic trends can be observed in the modern evolution of computer systems. They are the development of computer systems dedicated to a single task or user (minicomputers) where the sophistication of large computer systems is being applied to smaller units, and the trend of very large systems that locate the user remotely from the computer and share resources between more and more locations. It is to the latter case that this paper is directed. This trend reaches its culmination in the design of distributed computer systems, where many individual computer components are located remotely from each other, and they are used to jointly perform computer operations in the solution of a single problem. Systems such as these are being developed in increasing numbers, although they are yet only a small fraction of the total number of computer systems. Examples of such systems range from those that are National and International in scope (the United States' APRANET, Canada's CANUNET, the Soviet Union's ASUS system and the European Computer Network Project), the statewide systems (the North Carolina Educational Computer System and the MERIT Computer Network), to single site systems (The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Network and Data Ring Oriented Computer Networks). These systems and others have been designed to solve problems in the areas of research, education, governmental planning, airline reservations and commercial time-sharing. Taken together they demonstrate a capability for computer utilization that places more usable computer power in the user's control than he has ever had before. The challenge is to make effective use of this new tool.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132825500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPIDAC: specimen input to digital automatic computer","authors":"R. Ledley, H. K. Huang, T. Golab, Y. G. Kulkarni, Gerard Pence, L. Rotolo","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499711","url":null,"abstract":"The SPIDAC system is an automatic optical-microscope scanner for on-line input of pictorial data from a glass slide directly into the core memory of a digital computer. In this paper we describe both hardware and software systems and give a specific application. The major hardware subsystems include the optical microscope with highspeed automatic stage movers and an instantaneous continuous automatic-focusing scheme, high-resolution video reading circuitry, a video memory, and interfacing circuitry. The software system includes programs to automatically move the microscope stage with an accuracy of 1.25μ to any point on the slide, to scan and digitize pictorial data, to examine the scanned image for areas of interest, and then to determine if the pictorial data is amenable to analysis by the digital computer. After the slide is placed on the microscope stage, the system is fully automatic, ending when the entire slide area has been completely examined.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131855595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance determination: the selection of tools, if any","authors":"T. E. Bell","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499596","url":null,"abstract":"As interest in computer performance analysis has grown, the dedication of some analysts to a single tool and analysis approach appears to have become stronger. In most instances this affection probably comes from increased familiarity and success with an approach combined with a resulting lack of familiarity and success with other approaches.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121919289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the hardware via a high level language (ALGOL)","authors":"R. Brody","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499716","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss how the computer may be tailored to the problem it is solving while still programming the problem in a higher level language. The vehicle to illustrate the technique is the \"Stack machine,\" which is a virtual machine implemented in firmware on a Burroughs microprocessor. The \"Stack machine\" was designed to compile and execute programs written in Algol. Since, the microprogram memory of the microprocessor is read/write, the stack machine can be extended by special purpose firmware operators designed for a particular application program. This system permits jobs to be programmed and debugged in Algol, and then fine tuned to run at a much greater speed.\u0000 This paper describes the stack machine, the methods used to fine tune a program, and some sample results of fine tuning.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126223855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up, up and away","authors":"T. Naylor","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499612","url":null,"abstract":"In 1961, Jay Forrester introduced economists, management scientists and other social scientists to a new methodology for studying the behavior of dynamic systems, a methodology which he called Industrial Dynamics. Following closely on the heels of Industrial Dynamics was Urban Dynamics, which purported to analyze the nature of urban problems, their cases, and possible solution to these problems in terms of interactions among components of urban systems. More recently, Forrester has come forth with World Dynamics. We and the inhabitants of the other planets in our universe are now anxiously awaiting the publication of Universe Dynamics, a volume which is to be sponsored by the Club of Olympus, God, the Pope, Buddha, Mohammed, and the spiritual leaders of several other major religions of this world and the universe. Not unlike World Dynamics and other books by Jay Forrester, Universe Dynamics will be characterized by a number of distinct features. These features will be summarized in this paper.\u0000 In this presentation we shall comment on the methodology used by Forrester in World Dynamics as well as the methodology which is being set forth by his disciples who publish The Limits of Growth and the other people involved in the Club of Rome project. We shall address ourselves to the whole question of the feasibility of constructing models of the entire world and to model structures alternative to the one set forth by Forrester, et al.\u0000 It is first necessary to consider what possible objectives one might have in trying to prove programs correct, since different correctness criteria can be relevant to any particular program, especially when the program is to be used for numerical computation. Then it will be shown that careful structuring, along with the judicious use of assertions, can help one to organize proofs of correctness. Good language facilities are needed for the structuring, while assertions help make specific the details of the proof.\u0000 Examples from linear algebra, differential equations and other areas will be used to illustrate these ideas. The importance of language facilities will be emphasized, and implications for Computer Science curricula will be pointed out. A useful analogy with proofs of theorems in mathematics and the relevance of this analogy to certification procedures for computer programs will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129834521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training of teachers in computer usage","authors":"Duane E. Richardson","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499605","url":null,"abstract":"I plan to discuss the need in teacher education for training and experience in the selection of instructional materials for use on computers and the teacher's role in helping to identify criteria for developing additional instructional materials.\u0000 Specific discussion will be directed at describing a course which will guide teachers through the development of a set of criteria by which to judge the value of such instructional applications and will demonstrate how the criteria can be applied. The course will allow the teacher to practice application of the criteria to sample instructional uses from his particular interest.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128325424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphics and interactive systems: design considerations of a software system","authors":"R. Gammill, D. Robertson","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499746","url":null,"abstract":"The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) maintains a CDC 6600 and a CDC 7600 computer for doing numerical studies related to the atmosphere. These computers are operated in a batched multi-programming mode by a unique operating system implemented by the system's development staff (seven programmers). Hard copy output from the computers is handled either by the line printers or by the two Computer Output Microfilm Recorders (COM). A large library of graphic routines is frequently used by the applications programmers to produce outputs ranging from contour maps to movie titles. Around 600,000 frames of graphic output are produced each month, and nearly 80 percent of all jobs generate some graphic output.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129304562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in natural language understanding: an application to lunar geology","authors":"W. Woods","doi":"10.1145/1499586.1499695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499695","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of computer networks such as the ARPA net (see e.g., Ornstein et al.) has significantly increased the opportunity for access by a single researcher to a variety of different computer facilities and data bases, thus raising expectations of a day when it will be a common occurrence rather than an exception that a scientist will casually undertake to use a computer facility located 3000 miles away and whose languages, formats, and conventions are unknown to him. In this foreseeable future, learning and remembering the number of different languages and conventions that such a scientist would have to know will require significant effort---much greater than that now required to learn the conventions of his local computing center (where other users and knowledgeable assistance is readily available). The Lunar Sciences Natural Language Information System (which we will hereafter refer to as LUNAR) is a research prototype of a system to deal with this and other man-machine communication problems by adapting the machine to the conventions of ordinary natural English rather than requiring the man to adapt to the machine.","PeriodicalId":376661,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS National Computer Conference","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131327320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}