IF 3.7

Climate Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.3390/cli11120239

Reneilwe Maake, Johan Malherbe, T. Masupha, G. Chirima, Philip Beukes, S. Roffe, Mark Thompson, M. Moeletsi

{"title":"The Umlindi Newsletter: Disseminating Climate-Related Information on the Management of Natural Disaster and Agricultural Production in South Africa","authors":"Reneilwe Maake, Johan Malherbe, T. Masupha, G. Chirima, Philip Beukes, S. Roffe, Mark Thompson, M. Moeletsi","doi":"10.3390/cli11120239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11120239","url":null,"abstract":"The Umlindi newsletter was developed to provide information towards climate advisories, considering, for instance, drought conditions, presented in a relevant manner for the agricultural and disaster sectors in South Africa. This newsletter, which is disseminated on a monthly basis, provides information derived from climate-related monitoring products obtained from an integration of remote sensing and in situ data from weather stations. It contains useful indicators, such as rainfall, vegetation, and fire conditions, that provide an overview of conditions across the country. The present study demonstrates how these natural resource indices are integrated and consolidated for utilization by farmers, policy-makers, private organizations, and the general public to make day-to-day decisions on the management and mitigation of natural disasters. However, there is a need to expand these baseline observation initiatives, including the following: (1) forecasting future conditions to strengthen coping mechanisms of government, farmers, and communities at large; and (2) incorporating information on other natural disasters such as floods and extreme heat. In the context of South Africa, this information is important to improve disaster preparedness and management for agricultural productivity. In a global context, the Umlindi newsletter can be insightful for developing and disseminating natural resources information on adaptation to and mitigation of climate change and variability impacts to other regions facing similar risks. Furthermore, while international organizations also provide natural resource information, the Umlindi newsletter may be distinguished by its regional focus and linkages to individual communities. It bridges the gap between global environmental data and local decision-making by illustrating how global scientific knowledge may be applied locally.","PeriodicalId":37615,"journal":{"name":"Climate","volume":"110 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate Change and Extreme Events in Northeast Atlantic and Azores Islands Region 东北大西洋和亚速尔群岛地区的气候变化与极端事件

IF 3.7

Climate Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/cli11120238

Fernanda Silva Carvalho, Maria Gabriela Meirelles, Diamantino Henriques, João Porteiro, Patrícia Navarro, H. Vasconcelos

{"title":"Climate Change and Extreme Events in Northeast Atlantic and Azores Islands Region","authors":"Fernanda Silva Carvalho, Maria Gabriela Meirelles, Diamantino Henriques, João Porteiro, Patrícia Navarro, H. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.3390/cli11120238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11120238","url":null,"abstract":"In small island regions, the influence of climate change assumes particular relevance. In the Azores archipelago, made up of nine islands, the geographical circumstances, oceanic condition, territorial dispersion, land use model and other physiographic constraints reinforce and enhance the vulnerability of the islands to changes in current weather patterns. Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6) projections are used for the northeast Atlantic region to evaluate daily extreme climate events in large scale for the Azores region. Results shows changes in the annual maximum number of consecutive dry days, the annual number of wet days, and especially in the annual number of tropical nights. Despite limitations due to the lack of spatial detail, the large-scale framework suggests changes that may be enhanced by topography, particularly with respect to precipitation. The conclusions point to the need to establish standard rules in the processes of design, reviewing and/or amending territorial management instruments at the municipal scale in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, with the goal of adapting to a different climate from the recent past.","PeriodicalId":37615,"journal":{"name":"Climate","volume":"72 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Residential Wind Loss Mitigation Case Study: An Analysis of Insurance Claim Data for Hurricane Michael 住宅风灾损失缓解案例研究：迈克尔飓风保险理赔数据分析

IF 3.7

Climate Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/cli11120237

Aneurin Grant, Christopher L. Atkinson

引用次数: 0

Minimal Mechanisms Responsible for the Dispersive Behavior of the Madden–Julian Oscillation 导致马登-朱利安振荡分散行为的最基本机制

IF 3.7

Climate Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.3390/cli11120236

Kartheek Mamidi, Vincent Mathew

{"title":"Minimal Mechanisms Responsible for the Dispersive Behavior of the Madden–Julian Oscillation","authors":"Kartheek Mamidi, Vincent Mathew","doi":"10.3390/cli11120236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11120236","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt has been made to explore the relative contributions of moisture feedback processes on tropical intraseasonal oscillation or Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). We focused on moisture feedback processes, including evaporation wind feedback (EWF) and moisture convergence feedback (MCF), which integrate the mechanisms of convective interactions into the tropical atmosphere. The dynamical framework considered here is a moisture-coupled, single-layer linear shallow-water model on an equatorial beta-plane with zonal momentum damping. With this approach, we aimed to recognize the minimal physical mechanisms responsible for the existence of the essential dispersive characteristics of the MJO, including its eastward propagation (k>0), the planetary-scale (small zonal wavenumbers) instability, and the slow phase speed of about ≈5 m/s. Furthermore, we extended our study to determine each feedback mechanism’s influence on the simulated eastward dispersive mode. Our model emphasized that the MJO-like eastward mode is a possible outcome of the combined effect of moisture feedback processes without requiring additional complex mechanisms such as cloud radiative feedback and boundary layer dynamics. The results substantiate the importance of EWF as a primary energy source for developing an eastward moisture mode with a planter-scale instability. The eastward moisture mode exhibits the highest growth rate at the largest wavelengths and is also sensitive to the strength of the EWF, showing a significant increase in the growth rate with the increasing strength of the EWF; however, the eastward moisture mode remains unstable at planetary-scale wavelengths. Moreover, our model endorses that the MCF alone could not produce instability without surface fluxes, although it has a significant role in developing deep convection. It was found that the MCF exhibits a damping mechanism by regulating the frequency and growth rate of the eastward moisture mode at shorter wavelengths.","PeriodicalId":37615,"journal":{"name":"Climate","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Tropical Cyclone Risk in Australia Using Community Exposure–Vulnerability Indices 利用社区暴露-脆弱性指数评估澳大利亚的热带气旋风险

IF 3.7

Climate Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.3390/cli11120235

Kade Berman, Yuriy Kuleshov

{"title":"Assessing Tropical Cyclone Risk in Australia Using Community Exposure–Vulnerability Indices","authors":"Kade Berman, Yuriy Kuleshov","doi":"10.3390/cli11120235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11120235","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most destructive natural hazards to impact on Australia’s population, infrastructure, and the environment. To examine potential TC impacts, it is important to understand which assets are exposed to the hazard and of these, which are vulnerable to damage. The aim of this study is to improve TC risk assessments through developing an exposure–vulnerability index, utilising a case study for the six Local Government Areas (LGAs) impacted by the landfall of TC Debbie in 2017: Burdekin Shire, Charters Towers Region, Isaac Region, Mackay Region, City of Townsville, and Whitsunday Region. This study utilised a natural hazard risk assessment methodology, linking exposure and vulnerability indicators related to social factors, infrastructure, and the environment. The two LGAs with the most extreme exposure–vulnerability values were the coastal regions of Mackay Region and the City of Townsville. This is consistent with urbanisation and city development trends, with these LGAs having more people (social) and infrastructure exposed, while the environmental domain was more exposed and vulnerable to TC impacts in rural LGAs. Therefore, further resilience protocols and mitigation strategies are required, particularly for Mackay Region and the City of Townsville, to reduce the damage and ultimate loss of lives and livelihoods from TC impacts. This study serves as a framework for developing a TC risk index based on hazard, exposure, and vulnerability indices, and insight into the improved mitigation strategies for communities to implement in order to build resilience to the impacts of future TCs.","PeriodicalId":37615,"journal":{"name":"Climate","volume":"123 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Shift to Synergies in China’s Climate Planning: Aligning Goals with Policies and Institutions 中国气候规划向协同效应转变：将目标与政策和制度结合起来

IF 3.7

Climate Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.3390/cli11120234

Qianyi Cai, Eric Zusman, Guobi Meng

引用次数: 0

The Contribution of Low-Carbon Energy Technologies to Climate Resilience 低碳能源技术对气候复原力的贡献

IF 3.7

Climate Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.3390/cli11120231

L. Proskuryakova

{"title":"The Contribution of Low-Carbon Energy Technologies to Climate Resilience","authors":"L. Proskuryakova","doi":"10.3390/cli11120231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11120231","url":null,"abstract":"The UN vision of climate resilience contains three independent outcomes: resilient people and livelihoods, resilient business and economies, and resilient environmental systems. This article analyzes the positive contributions of low-carbon energy technologies to climate resilience by reviewing and critically assessing the existing pool of studies published by researchers and international organizations that offer comparable data (quantitative indicators). Compilation, critical analysis, and literature review methods are used to develop a methodological framework that is in line with the UN vision of climate resilience and makes it possible to compare the input of low-carbon energy technologies climate resilience by unit of output or during their lifecycle. The framework is supported by the three relevant concepts—energy trilemma, sharing economy/material footprint, and Planetary Pressures-Adjusted Human Development Index. The study identifies indicators that fit the suggested framework and for which the data are available: total material requirement (TMR), present and future levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) without subsidies, CO2 emissions by fuel or industry, lifecycle CO2-equivalent emissions, and mortality rates from accidents and air pollution. They are discussed in the paper with a focus on multi-country and global studies that allow comparisons across different geographies. The findings may be used by decision-makers when prioritizing the support of low-carbon technologies and planning the designs of energy systems.","PeriodicalId":37615,"journal":{"name":"Climate","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal Changes in Tourists’ Climate-Based Comfort in the Southeastern Coastal Region of Spain 西班牙东南沿海地区游客基于气候舒适度的时间变化

IF 3.7

Climate Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.3390/cli11110230

David Espín-Sánchez, Jorge Olcina-Cantos, C. Conesa-García

{"title":"Temporal Changes in Tourists’ Climate-Based Comfort in the Southeastern Coastal Region of Spain","authors":"David Espín-Sánchez, Jorge Olcina-Cantos, C. Conesa-García","doi":"10.3390/cli11110230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11110230","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of climate change, where the average temperature has risen in recent decades on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, bioclimatic indicators show an increase in thermal discomfort. This is especially relevant in regions with a clear focus on mass and seasonal sun and beach tourism, with a large number of tourists experiencing discomfort in hot and humid summer environments. The research analyses the temporal evolution (1967–2022) of the coasts of the provinces of Alicante and Murcia (Spain) using the Climate Comfort Index (CCI), divided into four different regions. Used are 14 coastal meteorological observatories divided into four regions. Trend analysis was performed using the Mann–Kendall (MKT) and Theil–Sen (TSE) tests. The results revealed a loss of climate comfort during the summer season (−0.3 to −0.4/decade), as well as an expansion of the warm period toward June and early September, with an increase of 38.7 days in “hot” thermal comfort. The increase in thermal discomfort in the summer is influenced by an increase in average temperature (0.5 to 0.7 °C/decade) and a reduction in the average relative humidity (−1.0 to −2.1%/decade) and wind speed (−0.2 to −0.9 km/h/decade). In the last 22 years (2000–2022), decreases (p ≤ 0.05) have been recorded in July and September (−0.2 to −0.4/decade), reaching “excessive heat” climatic comfort thresholds for the first time. Finally, there has been an increase in thermal comfort in winter, especially during December in recent years (2000–2022).","PeriodicalId":37615,"journal":{"name":"Climate","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flood Hazard Assessment in Australian Tropical Cyclone-Prone Regions 澳大利亚热带气旋易发地区的洪水灾害评估

Climate Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.3390/cli11110229

Michael Kaspi, Yuriy Kuleshov

{"title":"Flood Hazard Assessment in Australian Tropical Cyclone-Prone Regions","authors":"Michael Kaspi, Yuriy Kuleshov","doi":"10.3390/cli11110229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11110229","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated tropical cyclone (TC)-induced flooding in coastal regions of Australia due to the impact of TC Debbie in 2017 utilising a differential evolution-optimised random forest to model flood susceptibility in the region of Bowen, Airlie Beach, and Mackay in North Queensland. Model performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve, which showed an area under the curve of 0.925 and an overall accuracy score of 80%. The important flood-influencing factors (FIFs) were investigated using both feature importance scores and the SHapely Additive exPlanations method (SHAP), creating a flood hazard map of the region and a map of SHAP contributions. It was found that the elevation, slope, and normalised difference vegetation index were the most important FIFs overall. However, in some regions, the distance to the river and the stream power index dominated for a similar flood hazard susceptibility outcome. Validation using SHAP to test the physical reasoning of the model confirmed the reliability of the flood hazard map. This study shows that explainable artificial intelligence allows for improved interpretation of model predictions, assisting decision-makers in better understanding machine learning-based flood hazard assessments and ultimately aiding in mitigating adverse impacts of flooding in coastal regions affected by TCs.","PeriodicalId":37615,"journal":{"name":"Climate","volume":"9 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing Extreme Rainfall and Flooding Events: A Case Study of the 20 July 2021 Zhengzhou Flood in China 极端降雨和洪水事件的管理:以2021年7月20日中国郑州洪水为例

Climate Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.3390/cli11110228

Xiaofan Zhao, Huimin Li, Qin Cai, Ye Pan, Ye Qi

{"title":"Managing Extreme Rainfall and Flooding Events: A Case Study of the 20 July 2021 Zhengzhou Flood in China","authors":"Xiaofan Zhao, Huimin Li, Qin Cai, Ye Pan, Ye Qi","doi":"10.3390/cli11110228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11110228","url":null,"abstract":"On 20 July 2021, an extreme rainstorm battered Zhengzhou in China’s Henan Province, killing 302 people, including 14 individuals who drowned in a subway tunnel and 6 who drowned in a road tunnel. As the global climate warms, extreme weather events similar to the Zhengzhou flood will become more frequent, with increasingly catastrophic consequences for society. Taking a case study-based approach by focusing on the record-breaking Zhengzhou flood, this paper examines the governance capacity of inland cities in North China for managing extreme precipitation and flooding events from the perspective of the flood risk management process. Based on in-depth case analysis, our paper hypothesizes that inland cities in North China still have low risk perceptions of extreme weather events, which was manifested in insufficient pre-disaster preparation and prevention, poor risk communication, and slow emergency response. Accordingly, it is recommended that inland cities update their risk perceptions of extreme rainfall and flooding events, which are no longer low-probability, high-impact “black swans”, but turning into high-probability, high-impact “gray rhinos.” In particular, cities must make sufficient preparation for extreme weather events by revising contingency plans and strengthening their implementation, improving risk communication of meteorological warnings, and synchronizing emergency response with meteorological warnings.","PeriodicalId":37615,"journal":{"name":"Climate","volume":"21 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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