Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne最新文献_第7页

Finances of the Nation: Is There Tax Convergence Among OECD Countries? 国家财政:经合组织国家之间存在税收趋同吗?

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.2.fon

L. Godbout, Michael Robert-Angers

引用次数: 2

Current Tax Reading 当前税务阅读

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.2.ctr

Jinyan Li, M. Veall

引用次数: 0

Policy Forum: Editors' Introduction—Cross-Border Issues in Carbon Pricing 政策论坛:编辑介绍-碳定价的跨境问题

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.editors

Frances R. Woolley, A. Macnaughton, Kevin Milligan, Daniel Sandler

{"title":"Policy Forum: Editors' Introduction—Cross-Border Issues in Carbon Pricing","authors":"Frances R. Woolley, A. Macnaughton, Kevin Milligan, Daniel Sandler","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.editors","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.editors","url":null,"abstract":"Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, Canada is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 40 to 45 percent from 2005 levels by 2030.1 As of 2019, a full 4 years after the agreement was signed, Canada had achieved emission reductions of only 1 percent. [...]meeting our Paris commitments will require a 39 to 44 percent reduction in GHG emissions in just 11 years.2 To put into perspective the structural economic change required by a 39 to 44 percent cut in emissions, the changes that took place in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic-working from home, eliminating most business and personal air travel, and so on-reduced Canada's carbon (CO2) emissions by 8 percent from 2019 levels.3 Meeting the Paris commitments would require Canadians to not only preserve 2020-level emissions, but also achieve three or four times that level of reductions by the end of the following decade. [...]the need for equalization is also reduced. Yet, because of the equalization program's \"fixed-growth rule,\" the size of the program would not decline, even with a diminished need for equalization. [...]Snoddon concludes, \"Overequalization often results, with Quebec and sometimes Ontario as the main beneficiaries. Christians suggests that to the extent that economists can estimate the amount of externalized environmental costs with increasing detail and precision, the income tax base could be legislatively reformed to deem such externalized costs to constitute additional taxable income to all of the relevant parties throughout the fossil fuel production and consumption cycle.16 Christians acknowledges that there are practical difficulties in estimating the environmental costs created by individual firms, especially given Canada's selfassessment-based income tax system.","PeriodicalId":375948,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114309687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planification fiscale personnelle : La propriété d'actifs de luxe à l'étranger — Considérations fiscales 个人税务筹划:海外豪华资产所有权-税务考虑

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pfp

Lynn Wu, Maria Snelgrove, Chris Watt Bickley

引用次数: 0

Policy Forum: Border Carbon Adjustments—Four Practical Challenges 政策论坛:边境碳调整-四个实际挑战

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.boessenkool

Kenneth J. Boessenkool, Michael P Moffatt, A. Cosbey, M. Bernstein

{"title":"Policy Forum: Border Carbon Adjustments—Four Practical Challenges","authors":"Kenneth J. Boessenkool, Michael P Moffatt, A. Cosbey, M. Bernstein","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.boessenkool","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.boessenkool","url":null,"abstract":"For Canadian policy makers, the relatively straightforward economics of a border carbon adjustment (BCA) is complicated in practice by four challenges. First, Canadian carbon-pricing regimes have been developed from the bottom up, being primarily designed at the provincial rather than the federal level. Second, a Canadian BCA must comply with international trade law. Third, while carbon taxes are applied on the carbon emitted at each stage of every industrial process, applying a BCA on each process and at each level of a value chain is extremely difficult. Fourth, there is the question of what to do with any revenues that a BCA generates. The key conclusion that emerges from the discussion in this article is that the federal nature of Canada will be an early and significant challenge for policy makers. Given that Canadian provinces have led the development of carbon-pricing schemes, it seems likely that most will continue to want to do so. Any BCA regime (which will necessarily be implemented at the federal level) will have to find ways to accommodate or account for the differences in provincial carbon-pricing regimes. That accommodation may not be impossible, but it will not be easy.","PeriodicalId":375948,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115421120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Policy Forum: Cross-Border and Multijurisdictional Issues in Carbon Taxation—Carbon Pricing and the Income Tax 政策论坛:碳税的跨境和多司法管辖区问题-碳定价和所得税

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.christians

Allison Christians

引用次数: 1

Designing an Equitable Border Carbon Adjustment Mechanism 设计公平的边境碳调整机制

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.ozai

Ivan Ozai

{"title":"Designing an Equitable Border Carbon Adjustment Mechanism","authors":"Ivan Ozai","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.ozai","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.ozai","url":null,"abstract":"Policy makers worldwide have increasingly considered the adoption of a carbon adjustment at the border to equalize carbon pricing on foreign goods with carbon policies imposed on domestic production. The implementation of a border carbon adjustment (BCA) in the European Union has been recently proposed by the European Commission, followed by similar plans in the United States and Canada, as an instrument designed to address concerns about competitiveness and emissions leakage resulting from the absence of a global price on carbon or an internationally coordinated carbon-pricing system. Despite its potential to address these issues, the implementation of a BCA raises concerns with respect to its impact on developing countries. A BCA will likely impose a disproportionate burden on developing countries with limited capacity to cut back emissions and thus violate the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR) established in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The main goal of this article is to examine CBDR's normative requirements and determine its legal implications for BCA design. The article further offers policy guidelines for implementing a CBDR-compliant BCA that addresses its ultimate purpose of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions while also supporting the development needs of less affluent countries.","PeriodicalId":375948,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126838729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policy Forum: Carbon Taxes and Fiscal Federalism in Canada—A New Wrinkle to an Old Problem 政策论坛:加拿大的碳税和财政联邦制——一个老问题的新皱纹

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.snoddon

Tracy R. Snoddon

{"title":"Policy Forum: Carbon Taxes and Fiscal Federalism in Canada—A New Wrinkle to an Old Problem","authors":"Tracy R. Snoddon","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.snoddon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.pf.snoddon","url":null,"abstract":"The federal government intends to increase its minimum carbon tax from $40 per tonne of carbon emissions to $170 per tonne by 2030. The carbon tax increase will have uneven and potentially large impacts on provincial emissions and carbon tax revenue, but little is known about how decisions to recycle these revenues will affect equalization payments to provinces. This article compares baseline equalization payments with simulated payments under various revenue-recycling scenarios given a $170 minimum carbon tax. The simulations demonstrate that recycling carbon tax revenues with offsetting reductions in provincial personal or business income taxes, for example, lowers overall disparities in provincial governments' revenue-raising abilities and reduces the size of the equalization program needed to address these disparities. The article draws attention to an already controversial design feature of the program, the fixed-growth rule. The simulations show that the fixed-growth rule limits the impact of higher carbon tax revenues on equalization, by adjusting payments to ensure that the overall size of the program grows roughly in line with the economy. As a result, any potential savings in aggregate equalization payments from revenue recycling are not realized. The distribution of payments is also affected by the fixed-growth rule. Overequalization often results, with Quebec and sometimes Ontario as the main beneficiaries.","PeriodicalId":375948,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127952444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corporate Tax Planning: Choosing a Vehicle for Resource Business Ventures 企业税务筹划:选择资源企业投资的载体

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.ctp

Nicholas J. McIsaac

引用次数: 0

Personal Tax Planning: Ownership of Foreign Luxury Assets—Tax Considerations 个人税务规划:外国奢侈资产的所有权-税务考虑

Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.32721/ctj.2022.70.1.ptp

Lynn Wu, Maria Snelgrove, Chris Watt Bickley

引用次数: 0