International Research in Economics and Finance最新文献

{"title":"AI-based Compliance Automation in Commercial Bank: How the Silicon Valley Bank Provided a Cautionary Tale for Future Integration","authors":"Bingbo Hu, Yi Wu","doi":"10.20849/iref.v7i1.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v7i1.1356","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon Valley Bank's failure serves as a poignant reminder of the criticality of regulatory compliance and the potential risks that arise from non-compliance. The incident underscores the importance of financial institutions regularly reviewing and adjusting their investment strategies to align with evolving market conditions and risk tolerance levels. In this context, the adoption of advanced technologies such as Financial Enterprise Control Intelligence (FECI) systems becomes imperative. FECI systems are specifically designed to assist financial institutions in effectively managing regulatory compliance and risk management processes. By incorporating advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and data analytics, these systems automate and streamline various aspects of compliance and risk analysis.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134440397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threshold Effect in the Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission and the Role of Bank Portfolio Deterioration: A PSTR Specification in the WAEMU Zone","authors":"Y. Prao, Brou Emmanuel Aka, N’guessan Ferdinand Nicaise Dja","doi":"10.20849/iref.v7i1.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v7i1.1355","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to analyse the influence of monetary policy on credit supply in the WAEMU zone over the period 1996-2017. The study focuses on the WAEMU countries, except for Guinea-Bissau, due to the unavailability of sufficient data. We apply the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model of Gonzalez et al. (2005). The results reveal the non-linearity of the link between monetary policy and credit supply. There is a threshold of credit risk exposure of 8.726% above which monetary policy loses its effectiveness. Indeed, monetary policy has a positive effect on the supply of credit when the value of the gross bank portfolio deterioration rate is less than or equal to the threshold of 8.726% and an insignificant effect above this threshold. Above this threshold, the link between monetary policy and bank credit supply is distended. In this case, it is the level of economic activity that stimulates the supply of bank credit in this area. These results indicate that the effectiveness of the monetary policy conducted by the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), through the bank credit channel, should take into account the level of credit risk attained by banks. Thus, the study recommends that the authorities further strengthen prudential supervision within the WAEMU.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131349079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Supplier Base Consolidation on Procurement, Delivery, and Production Costs: Supply Chain Operations Optimization and Vendor Consolidation","authors":"Kenechukwu Nwuka Ochonogor, G. Osho, C. Anoka, O. J. Dieli","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i4.1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i4.1304","url":null,"abstract":"With all these mergers and acquisitions, it is particularly important to consolidate and manage the number of vendors inherited or absorbed via these acquisitions. This is also an avenue to build strong relationships with their selected suppliers because working with fewer vendors helps to optimize their entire supply chain and improves efficiency across procurement, delivery, production, assets management, and customer satisfaction. Another benefit will come from increased discounts due to preferential, scale, and volume pricing not to mention cost reduction in the areas of their supply chain management. Some companies have production plants in Texas, Tennessee, Florida, Ohio, Indiana, China, Canada, Mexico, and India, and the main aim is to identify suppliers close to those plants and streamline their logistics and distribution cost. There is also a high level of l risk associated with this exercise, If the supply is interrupted for any re-organization will face lots of difficulties meeting up demand, the absence of healthy competition will diminish the ability to negotiate SLAs (Service Level Agreements), and pricing against a supplier competitor but the business goal is to: Invest in Innovations, research and develop new products to be able to remain competitive, this cannot be achieved without the optimization of Procurement, Sourcing and Vendor Management. Be able to automate Procurement and Sourcing operations to increase business dynamism. This consolidation will reduce costs and free up funds to achieve their broader business goal and a bloated suppliers portfolio scattered all over the world conceals a lot of opportunities to get more with less. There were lots of political issues uncovered and encountered during this project which was anticipated but was carefully managed. Companies should think ahead and move from strong market position, growth, and reaching critical customers to accelerating profitable growth. Push the organization from a push/OEM channels a to pull strategy a with focus on end users. Ensure their product offering moves from a specific specialized brand to global recognition. Strong technological know-how to become a true and trusted innovative leader. Move from presence in new markets to leader in all markets. It is also advisable for companies to consider Vertical Integration which is a different alternative to Supplier Consolidation, and conduct financial and regression analyses for better decision-making and recommendations that will give a very big boast to their bottom line. This integration will avoid any supply disruption and organizations will have full control of their supply chain. Since Suppliers are known to dictate terms, pricing, and availability of materials, with this Integration, costs will be reduced, and production slowdowns caused by negotiations and other internal tussles will be prevented. This does not go without some risks because there is always a huge capital investment to set this up, to b","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122633392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Sovereign Credit Rating: Is Kuwait Overrated?","authors":"M. AlAli","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i4.1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i4.1306","url":null,"abstract":"Despite all the criticism surrounding the reliability of credit rating agencies’ rating systems, these agencies' ratings still play an essential role in determining the cost of funding for government bonds. These agencies are also accused of not applying the same standards for all countries resulting in mis-rating causing a disturbance in these countries economic and financial systems. Countries try their best to obtain the highest rating possible to reduce their cost of borrowing and increase the demand for their bonds in the global financial market. This research is set to examine whether or not Kuwait is getting a favorable sovereign credit rating from the three largest credit rating agencies. Using a panel data regression for 40 countries for the year 2017, results revealed that Kuwait enjoyed a favorable treatment from the three major credit rating agencies where it was rated by an average of 3.18 notches higher than what it should be. The results also indicates that Kuwait did not take advantage of its inflated credit rating and the policy makers did not address the factors that would improve their credit rating and as a result Kuwait sovereign credit rating was downgraded by all three credit rating agencies in 2022.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128237607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytic Review of Brick’s “Political Economy of Customary Organizations in Rural Afghanistan”","authors":"Yifan Wei","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i3.1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i3.1274","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses The Political Economy of Customary Organizations in Rural Afghanistan by Jennifer Brick (2008) (hereafter, “the work”), which tries to ascertain whether public goods can be provided in a failed state and proposes a mechanism that provides social order as a public good. Brick achieves this by studying customary and non-customary organisations in rural Afghanistan and develops a theory to explain when a rural local authority might fulfil the purpose of public provision and governance. This paper demonstrates and analyses Brick’s findings, and proposes one main criticism to Brick’s quantitative research method.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121274459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Literature Review of CSR Disclosure Quality: Evidence From Restatements","authors":"Taizhe Yuan","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i3.1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i3.1275","url":null,"abstract":"In the preceding 20 years, CSR reporting has made significant strides. This study examines the quality of CSR disclosure from the perspective of CSR restatements after reviewing prior literature. Long-term improvement in enterprises’ quality of CSR disclosure is believed to be made possible by more advanced reporting requirements, improved services from skilled auditors, and continuously evolving CSR reporting systems.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121909320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Neighborhood Features Associated With Premature Mortality in Toronto Neighborhoods?","authors":"Zhehui Zhao, Jingxin Yuan","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i3.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i3.1252","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The relationship between neighborhood social and economic features and the residents’ premature mortality rate is a controversial topic that has brought concerns from many local governments. The purpose of this paper was to determine the impacts of three indicators, including numbers of health providers, numbers of drug arrests, and neighborhood equity scores on premature mortality in the 140 neighborhoods in the City of Toronto.Methods: Conducting regression analysis by using the data from January 2018 to December 2018 obtained from OpenData Toronto. The number of health providers, which shows how many medical service sectors the local community has is generated into a dummy variable (<1.5 or ≥1.5 health providers per 1000 people), and all datasets are cleaned into the same unit, which is per thousand people. Both single regressions and multiple regression are used to compare the change in premature mortality rate, which means the deaths occurred before 70 years old.Results: Taking all indicators into weighted consideration, the empirical evidence shows that the premature mortality rate increased by 4% on average with every one additional drug arrest incident occurring per thousand people while with every additional health provider per one thousand citizens, the premature mortality rate will decrease by 10% on average; In terms of neighborhood equity score, one point increase is associated with a roughly 1% decrease in premature mortality rate on average.Conclusion: Social and economic factors are closely associated with the local premature mortality rate and actively improving the local living conditions can decrease the premature mortality rate while preventing serious issues before it actually occurs.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126196504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Current and Future Trends","authors":"Jiaxing (Dux) Du, Lijun Miao","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i3.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i3.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a widely popular way that companies are conducting business all around the world. Employing such techniques can have a dramatic effect on your bottom line, but also open you up to many more advantages that ultimately help your business function more efficiently. The purpose of this report is to critically review past literature on the topic to gain a better understanding of why businesses will choose to outsource processes. This report will also seek to provide greater insights into the effects outsourcing has on the company and also the host country being outsourced. We found that there is an overwhelming trend to outsource processes from Australia and that brings other benefits such as getting closer to new market opportunities. The main body of this report outlines when and why a company should choose to outsource and the decision-making rationale around such concepts. Research also indicated that there is a booming industry for companies that assist in aiding the outsourcing process and connecting you with partners in various host nations. This report discovered that there are also some ethical and moral obligations that need to be carefully considered as recent criticisms have damaged the reputations of some businesses. Overall, the implications of our research hovered around a few key findings, the cost benefits associated with outsourcing and the greater efficiencies and quality in tasks that can be utilized in partnering with the right host company.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121782931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fund-level Investor Sentiment and Mean-variance Relation: Evidence From Singapore-listed ETFs","authors":"Feiyuan Hu","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i3.1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i3.1273","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tests the influences of fund-level sentiment on the mean-variance relation in ETF market. We find that in low (high)-sentiment periods, the expected excess return is positively (negatively) related to the conditional variances. Sentiment traders undermine the otherwise positive risk-return tradeoff and even twist it into a negative one in high-sentiment periods. The impact of sentiment is stronger during the global pandemic.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126878650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation on the Operation Efficiency of Medical Device Enterprises Under the Background of Digital Transformation —Empirical Analysis Based on DEA-Malmquist","authors":"Tiantian Yang","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i2.1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i2.1186","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the panel data of 15 listed medical device companies in the Yangtze River Delta region of China from 2015 to 2020, this paper uses the DEA-BCC model and the Malmquist index to measure their operating efficiency. The results show that from a static point of view, the average comprehensive efficiency, the average technical efficiency, and the average scale efficiency of the listed medical device companies in the Yangtze River Delta region are 0.916, 0.947 and 0.965 respectively. The operating efficiency is affected by both the pure technical efficiency and the scale efficiency. From the dynamic point of view, the operating efficiency of listed medical devices companies in the Yangtze River Delta region is fluctuating; The digital transformation of medical device enterprises is still in the initial stage. Based on the above research, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as strengthening the independent innovation ability of Chinese medical device enterprises, accelerating the process of digital transformation, and increasing the government's support.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129401417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}