Critical Military Studies最新文献

{"title":"Change in practice: a framework for analysing the transformation of post-conflict masculinities","authors":"Maike Messerschmidt, Hendrik Quest","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2023.2188757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2023.2188757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43906611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shelter news: affordance, place and proximity in news media representations of civil defence artefacts","authors":"Peter Bennesved","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2023.2188004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2023.2188004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43403966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The metadata-driven killing apparatus: big data analytics, the target selection process, and the threat to international humanitarian law","authors":"Vasja Badalič","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2023.2170539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2023.2170539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the role of metadata analytics in the target selection process to show how such analytics undermines the fundamental principle of international humanitarian law, that is, the principle of distinction between combatants and civilians. The central part of the article is divided into three sections. The first section provides a brief overview of how international humanitarian law draws the line between civilians and legitimate military targets (e.g. members of armed forces, paramilitary groups, organized armed groups, and civilians directly participating in hostilities) in both international and non-international armed conflicts. The second section explores the use of metadata analytics in the target selection process by focusing on two programs, the Real Time – Real Gateway (RT-RG) and SKYNET, developed by the United States to detect deviant ‘terrorist’ behaviour. The third section provides new insights into how metadata analytics creates the circumstances for violations of the principle of distinction. This section focuses on four characteristics of metadata analysis that undermine the principle of distinction (e.g. the inability to make qualitative distinctions between potential targets, the uncertainty of results, the incorporated margin of error, and the unpredictability of target determinations).","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45432322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heights of madness: diagnosis, suspicion & military discipline on the Siachen glacier","authors":"S. Khan","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2023.2170529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2023.2170529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Siachen Glacier was occupied by the Indian Army in 1984 and became the highest battlefield in the world. The Pakistan Army has been deployed in the surrounding regions and the continuation of the low intensity warfare between the two countries has led to many thousands of casualties on both sides. The Pakistan Army has developed an elaborate medical infrastructure for the management of casualties and high-altitude sicknesses including oedemas and mental health issues. The article explores how military discipline becomes entangled with medical surveillance in monitoring illnesses suffered by soldiers serving on the glacier. By drawing upon interviews with soldiers and officers from various cohorts, the article explores how soldiers learn to take care of each other’s unusual bodily experiences and report unusual changes to the medical staff. This entails that soldiers cultivate relations to attend to each other’s injuries but also relay judgements about the soldier-patient’s loyalty to serve for the Pakistan Army to military superiors. By showing how social networks through which diagnosis is formulated consists of an entanglement of professional evaluation, medical opinion and the hearsay of the soldier-patient’s comrades, the article considers the disciplinary networks which detect and suppress symptoms where self-expression of symptoms is treated as malingering.","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42258035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting defections through non-violent resistance tactics - the case of the Syrian uprising","authors":"Adi Levy","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2023.2170528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2023.2170528","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the contribution of military defections to the success of non-violent struggles has received significant attention in Non-violent Resistance (NVR) literature, little has been said about the ethical challenges involved in promoting defection through non-violent tactics. Looking into the incidents of the Syrian uprising, this article examines the practical and ethical aspects of the tactics that NVR activists adopt to promote defections and argues that some of these tactics might raise challenges that undermine their contribution to NVR. The costs for defectors might undercut protesters’ ability to encourage defections, and the probability that defectors will resort to an armed revolt undermines the chances of success of NVR campaigns. This article suggests that promoting defections is more likely to be effective when NVR actionists mitigate the costs for defectors by protecting them and their families after they defect. In doing so, activists could reduce the chances of defectors turning to violence and improve NVR’s chances of success.","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48245849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voices of veteran researchers","authors":"Sophy Antrobus, Sarah Bulmer, N. Caddick, Hannah West","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2023.2172530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2023.2172530","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘voice of the veteran’ is simultaneously over and under-represented in our society and our scholarship alike (Bulmer and Jackson 2015). Veterans’ voices are both privileged and marginalized, their stories glorified and vilified, their subjectivity either militarized or demilitarized, and their experiences both banal and extraordinary (Kelly 2013; Tidy 2015; Bulmer and Eichler 2017; Wool 2015). The figure of the veteran suffers from an ‘over-determination’ of meaning and an impoverished language to explore it, such that negotiating a veteran identity can become overwhelmingly complicated (Macleish 2013; Caddick Forthcoming). Veterans’ voices are a site of contestation related to their authenticity, and mediated or performative nature (Tidy 2015; Woodward and Jenkings 2011). Within scholarship, military experience either bestows legitimacy upon the author (e.g. traditional war studies, see Antrobus and West 2022), or invites suspicion (e.g. some anti-militarist feminist scholars, see Duncanson 2013). In this special issue we move away from attempting to determine the meaning of the veteran’s voice in research, and instead reflect on the contingent and contextual emergence of voices, how stories are made, and what reflective labour is undertaken, when veterans critically engage with their experience in their academic research. We foreground the ‘disruptive potential’ (Basham and Bulmer 2017, 62) of veterans’ voices by bringing their unique and complex positionality to ‘throw light onto the dark recesses of the military interior’ (Ware 2016, 240). We bring together an interdisciplinary collection of contributors with different military experiences to think about their voices and contribution in new ways. This special issue emerged from a series of workshops and panels held over the last eighteen months by both the European International Studies Association and the Defence Research Network, funded by the Volkswagen Stiftung (Cooperation Agreement 2134–002) and the Defence Studies Department, King’s College London. These workshops and panels provided a space for dialogue between our authors, their past selves, and their academic expertise, using conversation as ‘an alternative mode of research praxis’ (Bulmer and Jackson 2015).","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48244252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistency of military spending and fiscal policy responses to Covid-19","authors":"Kerem Cantekin, C. Elgin, A. Elveren","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2022.2158771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2022.2158771","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using a relatively large time-varying cross-country panel dataset of fiscal policy responses to the Covid-19 pandemic, this paper examines the relationship between military spending persistency and the size of the fiscal stimulus packages. The results suggest that countries with more persistent military spending have had smaller fiscal-stimulus packages during the Covid-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47684191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Irish defence forces and the silencing of a feminist researcher","authors":"Shirley Graham","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2022.2156840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2022.2156840","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As a feminist researcher undertaking my PhD field research from 2006 to 2009 with officers in the Irish Defence Forces, I experienced the gender discrimination I was endeavouring to make visible. My PhD study, borne out of UNSCR 1325 and the Women, Peace and Security agenda, was testing claims by the United Nations that the inclusion of women peacekeepers brings important benefits to civilian women populations in mission contexts. The study adopted discourse analysis and included equal numbers of interviews with women and men peacekeepers and observation of Irish troops during the UNMIK/KFOR mission in Kosovo. At each stage of my research journey into the Irish Defence Forces I encountered barriers to continuing my study which had negative impacts on me personally and professionally. The culmination of which was them attempting to publicly discredit my research findings. This paper explores the process by which institutions attempt to silence feminist researchers and what we can learn about gender, knowledge and power from these affective experiences and how collective storytelling is key to breaking the silence.","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48376729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female combat commanders of the YPJ and political agency – framing the fight on their own terms","authors":"Wilhelm Jaresand, Marco Nilsson","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2022.2156843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2022.2156843","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Women have taken part in several insurgencies. Research shows that women resort to violence not only for private reasons but also as a means to achieve political goals. The aim of this study is to explore how high-ranking YPJ commanders’ frame their decision to first joint the PKK and their use of violence as founding members of the YPJ. This is done with the help of a thematic analysis of life history interviews with three YPJ commanders in the midst of the civil war in Syria. The focus is on how the interviewees frame the themes. When highlighting some aspect of reality over other aspects, for example, in the context of a conflict, frames act to define problems, diagnose causes, make moral judgements, and suggest remedies. The study argues that the respondents’ framing connected their personal experiences with broader ideology. Thus, personal experiences can lead to embracing a broader ideology such that they motivate women to join the violent struggle. Three themes emerged from the analysis: Patriarchy; inspiring examples; and global liberation and democracy. These explorative results suggest a corresponding three-stage analytical framework for analysing how women join militant movements during civil wars: Personal experiences that define the problem and prepare the ground for action; other women’s roles as pathbreakers making the previously seemingly impossible action appear possible; and finally, the formulation of a political goal to guide action. This framework focuses on agency as inherently relational.","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necropolitical branding: building communities of pre-emptive violence","authors":"T. Beaumont","doi":"10.1080/23337486.2022.2156838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2022.2156838","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When we talk about the use of military force, the wars we fight, and the justifications we have for fighting them, we reproduce affective structures that inform the communities we build. Discursive practices surrounding the use of military force, like those identifying the protagonists and antagonists constructed by foreign policy, which deaths are deemed worthy of mourning, among others, reinforce frameworks that delineate the meaning of violence and its proper application. In the United States, these discourses typically weave through narratives of redemption that portray the use of military force as necessary, justified, and for the cause of good. In this paper, I argue that the pre-emptive use of military force advocated for in national security discourse is legitimized as acts of justifiable violence by being ‘on brand’ for necropolitical structures that ascribe a redemptive quality to any future uses of military force. Nuancing analyses of war legitimation discourse, this study is an interrogation of the ways in which a necropolitical branding markets the pre-emptive use of military force as a means of achieving peace and security. Ultimately, such an interrogation is an investigation into a source of influence and authority for security discourses to construct the future. Interrogating militarized violence as a consumer brand is valuable for critical analysis because it allows us to engage discourses that inform the communities we build, illuminating the ways in which such violence is reproduced and, in this way, facilitates understandings of how to disrupt and challenge its reproduction.","PeriodicalId":37527,"journal":{"name":"Critical Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}