Howard Journal of Crime and Justice最新文献

{"title":"‘Mind your language’: What people in prison think about the language used to describe them","authors":"Lili Bidwell,&nbsp;Laura Polley","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hojo.12515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated how people in prison feel about the language used to describe them and how it affected them. Previous research shows that terminology used to describe people in prison affects their self-identity, namely through its shame-inducing effects. A thematic analysis of qualitative data gathered through interviews demonstrated that language impacts how an individual in prison engages with the community and how they view themselves. Positive and progressive language in prisons has the potential to remove the shame and stigma attached to the prisoner identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"62 3","pages":"313-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hojo.12515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44634951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of screening for speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) in police custody","authors":"Clare Holland,&nbsp;Patrick Hutchinson,&nbsp;Donna Peacock","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12514","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hojo.12514","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People who have speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) are more prevalent in criminal justice settings than in the wider population. Previous research focusing primarily on young people and the prison population has led to calls for early interventions and screening, particularly in youth justice settings. NHS Liaison and Diversion (L&amp;D) referrals in a single police force region in England were screened for SLCN over a period of three months. The results indicate a need for early identification of SLCN for all age groups, and for those with no previous SLCN-related diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"62 3","pages":"295-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hojo.12514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47689959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defund – not defend – the police: A response to Fleetwood and Lea","authors":"Megan McElhone, T. Kemp, S. Lamble, J. Moore","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62634397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defund – not defend – the police: A response to Fleetwood and Lea","authors":"Megan McElhone,&nbsp;Tom Kemp,&nbsp;Sarah Lamble,&nbsp;J.M. Moore","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12508","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We argue that defunding the police is necessary to address fundamental and systemic problems plaguing British policing. We do so in response to an article written by Fleetwood &amp; Lea (2022), published in this journal, claiming that ‘defunding the police does not translate well to the UK’ (p.172).</p>","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"62 2","pages":"277-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hojo.12508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50134561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not if – but how – to defund the police: Response to our critics","authors":"Jennifer Fleetwood,&nbsp;John Lea","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12509","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hojo.12509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our article (Fleetwood &amp; Lea, <span>2022</span>) advocated a strategy of ‘minimal policing’ oriented to dismantling institutional racism, sexism and class oppression in policing. Our approach aimed to do this by breaking down the institutional isolation and autonomy of the police as a state agency. This would involve, first redefining the police role essentially as backup to other (mainly welfare) agencies far better suited to intervention in the vast majority of local crime and conflicts than police and, second, placing police intervention under the direction of a ‘Controller’ – an expanded and democratised variant of the (Scottish) Procurator Fiscal. We further specified that a continued role for police in governance of public space would become an administrative role under the direct control of mayors. Rather than debating <i>whether</i> police should be defunded, our focus is on <i>how</i>.</p><p>There are two main points of difference between McElhone et al. (<span>2023</span>) and ourselves. The first is <i>how we understand ‘defunding’</i>. McElhone et al. say that defunding is ‘not a stand-alone policy demand’ and cannot be set apart from abolitionism. However, we found that many US cities <i>had</i> responded to the slogan by cutting budgets for police. In 2020, Austin City Council Texas voted unanimously to cut their police budget by a third, redirecting funding to state social services (ABC News, <span>2020</span>). There is no indication that Austin (or any of the other cities which have cut budgets) intend to abolish their police. So, as we stated in the article, we approach defunding as both a possible step on the road towards abolitionism, but also as a project in and of itself.</p><p>We wholeheartedly support the kinds of non-reformist reforms proposed by abolitionists – withdrawing lethal weapons, repealing police powers with racist outcomes (i.e., Prevent, stop and search) and scrapping ‘net widening’ legislation (Abolitionist Futures, <span>2019</span>). But, taking seriously the need to prioritise security over punishment, to re-imagine social problems as requiring social (and not criminal) solutions, also requires radical changes in policing. While abolitionists have devoted considerable attention to thinking through community alternatives to police, far less attention is devoted to what a reduced police force might look like, and how it might function with other – now better funded – agencies. This is the question we sought to address. If this is a ‘realist’ question, then so be it. But, we would resist attempts to characterise this as a debate between ‘abolitionists’ and ‘realists’, a debate in criminology that goes back several decades (see, e.g., Hulsman, <span>1986</span>; Lea, <span>1987</span>; Matthews, <span>2018</span>).</p><p>This leads us to our second point of difference – <i>the role of the state</i>. Our premise is that the state ought to play a primary role in protecting its citizens, ensuring basic saf","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"62 2","pages":"283-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hojo.12509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42310341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding deviance from the perspectives of youth labelled as children in conflict with law in Mumbai, India","authors":"Priyanka Korde,&nbsp;Vijay Raghavan","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12511","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hojo.12511","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents voices of youth labelled as ‘children in conflict with law’ on deviance, using the theoretical framework of labelling. Based on a narrative analysis of 24 in-depth interviews with youth and other stakeholders in Mumbai, three key themes emerged: defining deviance; self and the deviant others – the othering of deviance; and living with a deviant identity. We found that the youth explained deviance as good or bad contextually, continuously interpreting its meanings, different from adult viewpoints. The youth engaged in identity management strategies to move away from the labels and stigma. The youth, labelled as rule-breakers, balanced the power equations by ‘counter-labelling’, where they hold the rule-enforcers accountable for creating labels. The article locates the findings in Southern criminology and argues for the Indian juvenile justice system to acknowledge the local contexts of youth and their communities and address the larger pathways that lead to deviance and crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"62 2","pages":"242-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46887066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Howard League and liberal colonial penality in mid-20th-century Britain: The death penalty in Palestine and the Kenya Emergency","authors":"Lizzie Seal,&nbsp;Roger Ball","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12513","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hojo.12513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyses the Howard League's campaigning against the death penalty in mid-20th-century British colonies. It examines two case studies: the Howard League's campaign to limit the death penalty in the Palestine Mandate in the 1930s and their silence on mass executions during the Kenya Emergency in the 1950s. Drawing on Ben-Natan's (2021) concept of the dual penal regime, we argue the Howard League concentrated its intervention in ordinary penal regimes and demarcated emergency penal regimes as outside its sphere of interest and influence. Consequently, it was silent on the penal excess of colonial authorities during periods of counter-insurgency. Criminology as a discipline largely shares this demarcation of the penal measures associated with colonial wars, militarism and states of emergency as beyond its purview. Inclusion of these aspects of colonial penality into the criminological narrative highlights the significance of colonialism and colonial ways of thinking to penal liberalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"62 2","pages":"149-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hojo.12513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45874624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Command and persuade: crime, law, and the state across history P. Baldwin, Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press. 2021. 480pp. $34.95 (hbk); $24.95 (pbk) ISBN: 9780262045629; 9780262546027","authors":"Simon Devereaux","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12500","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hojo.12500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forty years ago, when Daniel Boorstin (<span>1983</span>) published his now classic volume of popular history, <i>The discoverers</i>, a sceptical reviewer in <i>Time</i> magazine said that the book read like the work of a man whose suitcase full of looseleaf notes had burst open while he was running to catch a bus. A not dissimilar feeling sometimes came over me while reading Peter Baldwin's extraordinarily ambitious new survey of crime, law, punishment and policing across recorded human history. There is much here both to enjoy and admire, not least the astonishing scale and range of the secondary referencing: nearly 1,800 notes covering the last 78 pages of the book. Baldwin has certainly consulted a lot of scholarship.</p><p>The broad assertions of this book will not strike any reasonably well-informed historian of criminal justice as overly surprising. Over several millennia, Baldwin tells us, sin and crime – once seen as essentially indistinguishable – have come to be defined, far more rigorously, as distinctive categories of human behaviour. Much of the reason for this involves the advent of state power. Where once human beings relied upon divine intervention for the enforcement of moral and social norms, increasingly that task has fallen to the state. Early regimes, which were authoritarian in character, relied upon occasional examples of extreme penal severity – breaking on the wheel, decapitation, hangings on a sometimes enormous scale, and so forth – to deter potential wrongdoers. As states grew more democratic and humane, so too did the formal character of their penal sanctions. The advent of non-lethal punishments, notably banishment, fines, and finally large-scale imprisonment, enabled the state to relinquish its early reliance upon execution and other modes of bodily torment. Indeed, since the early 19th century, professionalised policing – now critically abetted by the extraordinary surveillance capacities afforded by modern technologies, and by the substantial abandonment of paper currency and coin – has enabled states to pursue more and more rigorous and effective means of preventing crimes from occurring in the first place. In many parts of the developed world, a person can go their whole life without being robbed or burgled.</p><p>If the general trend of all this sounds broadly and reassuringly humane, however, there is also an authoritarian paradox at work. Even as the capacity of modern societies to inspire wider and deeper adherence to social norms has taken hold, so too has the sheer volume of criminal offences as the compulsory capacities of the state have reached unprecedented levels. The US federal penal code, only eight pages long in 1875, now runs to almost 900 (p.22). About 40% of the new enactments were made in only a quarter century after 1970 (p.348), a dismal testimony to the cultural shocks of the 1960s and the prevailing sense – especially in America – that society was on the brink of collapse, a conviction ","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"61 4","pages":"556-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hojo.12500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41705627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life without parole: worse than death? , R. Kleinstuber, J. Coldsmith, M. Leigey & S. JoyAbingdon: Routledge. 2022. 256pp. £120.00 (hbk); £34.99 (pbk) ISBN: 9780367752712; 9780367752699","authors":"Hannah Gilman","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hojo.12501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Internationally, whole life sentences are becoming an increasingly common sanction. They are supported by abolitionists of state executions and ‘tough on crime’ conservatives alike and, as a result, have flourished in recent years. The US has the highest number of persons serving whole life sentences anywhere in the world with an unprecedented 55,945 persons serving life without parole sentences in 2020 (p.94). Kleinstuber et al.’s <i>Life without parole: worse than death</i>? considers the purpose, development and impact of life without parole sentences in the US by focusing upon the increased use of life without parole sentences across the previous three decades. The authors examine the US's increasing dependency upon these sentences by considering arguments in support of their continued use and, in so doing, shine a light on the inhumane ‘pains’ suffered by those serving such sentences.</p><p>The book starts by considering the legitimacy of life without parole sentences, questioning whether life without parole sentences are humane and subsequently ‘just’ by considering the experiences of death row prisoners who – by most people's standards – are serving a significantly ‘worse’ sentence. The authors focus on ‘death penalty volunteers’ (p.21) (death row prisoners who purposely refuse to pursue any form of appeal so as to accelerate the execution process) in order to demonstrate the inhumane nature of life without parole sentences. The authors subsequently argue that the increasing number of ‘death penalty volunteers’ calls into question the notion that ‘life’ (without parole) is ‘better’ than death.</p><p>The second chapter continues to question the legitimacy of life without parole sentences by considering the experiences of life without parole prisoners. This chapter consolidates and builds upon existing literature on the pains of imprisonment (such as Sykes, <span>1958</span>) and life without parole (e.g., Hartman, <span>2016</span>; Johnson &amp; McGunigall-Smith, <span>2008</span>; Leigey, 2015; Zehr, <span>1996</span>) further emphasising the cruel and ‘inhuman’ (p.61) nature of life without parole sentences.</p><p>In the third chapter, the authors draw upon Van Zyl Smit and Appleton's (<span>2019</span>) <i>Life imprisonment: a global human rights analysis</i> to expose the ‘degrading’ (p.61) nature of life and whole life sentences and argue – in the words of Judge Power-Forde (see <i>Vinter and Others</i> v. <i>The UK</i> [2013] ECHR 645) – that prisoners ‘ought not to be deprived entirely of … hope’ (p.54).</p><p>These early chapters collectively present a persuasive argument against the increasing use of life without parole sentences. Nevertheless, many of these arguments have been made by various scholars within recent decades but – due to their predominantly theoretical nature – have failed to have any significant consequence; life without parole has continued to increase in popularity among legislators, judiciaries and society, ","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"61 4","pages":"558-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hojo.12501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41900938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can probation be rehabilitated?","authors":"Gwen Robinson","doi":"10.1111/hojo.12504","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hojo.12504","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is based on the 24th annual Bill McWilliams memorial lecture which was delivered at the Institute of Criminology in Cambridge on 9 June 2022. Coinciding with the first anniversary of the unification of probation services in England and Wales, the lecture considered the recent past, present and potential future of the service through the lens of a central concept in probation work: namely, rehabilitation. Three ways of understanding this concept are considered: rehabilitation as restoration; rehabilitation as a process of building back better; and looking-glass rehabilitation. It is argued that each perspective suggests a different orientation to, and a different set of issues and questions about, probation's future and the work that is needed to help the unified service move on from a traumatic recent past.</p>","PeriodicalId":37514,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Crime and Justice","volume":"62 2","pages":"264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hojo.12504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48821213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}