Clean Air Journal最新文献_第8页

Some observations about air quality in dense, low-income settlements 对人口密集、低收入定居点空气质量的观察

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8405

C. Pauw

引用次数: 1

Kerosene-based lighting: an overlooked source of exposure to household air pollution? 煤油照明：暴露在家庭空气污染中的一个被忽视的来源？

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-07 DOI: 10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8420

A. Curto, C. Tonne

引用次数: 0

Public perceptions of air quality status and suggestions for improvement: The case of Richards Bay and its surroundings, uMhlathuze Local Municipality, South Africa 公众对空气质量状况的看法和改善建议：以理查兹湾及其周边地区为例，南非uMhlathuze地方市政当局

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8001

Nick O. Okello, Tom W. Okello, M. Zunckel

{"title":"Public perceptions of air quality status and suggestions for improvement: The case of Richards Bay and its surroundings, uMhlathuze Local Municipality, South Africa","authors":"Nick O. Okello, Tom W. Okello, M. Zunckel","doi":"10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8001","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas industrial growth is instrumental in unlocking poverty and advancing development, often, the effect of pollution on the environment, particularly air quality, is seldom accurately predicted. The effects, which include mortality, morbidity, and loss of productive time, are demonstrated later after the damage is done. The views of the pollution-exposed public in industrialised centres is important to ascertain if policy intervention is enhancing environmental protection for all and justice by extension. Through an online survey, 215 residents of the rapidly industrialising Richards Bay and surrounding areas in South Africa responded to the questions about their perceptions of air quality and recommendations to improve air quality management. Results indicate a concern over air quality with most residents perceiving the air quality as fair or poor. Industrial emission was cited as the leading cause of pollution followed by sugar cane and agrarian burning. Irritation of the ear, nose and throat, as well as sneezing and coughing, were the health effects experienced by residents for which air pollution can be partly attributed. The public recommends an improvement in air quality monitoring, consequence management, technology and public transport system. In addition, they recommended the introduction of air quality offsets, incentives schemes, more public involvement, coordinated planning and better collaboration as a recipe for success in air quality management.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Perceptions of external costs of dust fallout from gold mine tailings: West Wits Basin 对金矿尾矿粉尘沉降物的外部成本的认识:西威特沃特斯盆地

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.7566

M. Mpanza, Elhadi Adam, Raeesa Moolla

{"title":"Perceptions of external costs of dust fallout from gold mine tailings: West Wits Basin","authors":"M. Mpanza, Elhadi Adam, Raeesa Moolla","doi":"10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.7566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.7566","url":null,"abstract":"Mining is important for the South African economy, as it is for many developing African nations. In 2017, mining was reported to contribute 6.8 % to the South African GDP and provided more than 460, 000 jobs. Though mining adds an enormous amount of value to the country, it has significant impacts on the environment and the socio-economic factors of society. The well-documented environmental impact of mining operations on surface and groundwater systems, known as Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), is just one of these environmental impacts. There are also other impacts such as the pollution of agricultural soils, the creation of sinkholes and air pollution. For example, airborne dust remains a persistent problem in South African urban areas due to the climatic conditions, extensive surface mining, unrehabilitated tailings storage facilities and mineral processing. However, very little is reported on the socio-economic costs that are due to poor environmental management. Some scholars assert that despite the Mine Health and Safety Act, deposition monitoring guidelines and national dust regulations, South Africa still experiences persistent dust problems, especially in coal and gold mining districts. This paper investigates the effect of gold mining dust pollution in and around a Gold Mining Village, in South Africa. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used, where a questionnaire and interviews were conducted to examine the Gold Mine Village perceptions on dust pollution and their socio-economic environment. This paper further examines how poor and premature mine closure by liquidation results in unrehabilitated mine tailings and how this has significant impacts on the socio-economic status of individuals and surrounding businesses. The community being investigated in this study, perceives the dust fallout impact to be a socio-economic threat. The paper finds that the community believes it incurs medical financial expenditures due to treating respiratory-related diseases triggered by dust fallout.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47588179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Using Microsoft© Power BI© to visualise Rustenburg Local Municipality’s Air Quality Data 使用微软©Power BI©可视化勒斯滕堡当地市政空气质量数据

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2020-05-18 DOI: 10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.7512

C. Wright, B. Wernecke

{"title":"Using Microsoft© Power BI© to visualise Rustenburg Local Municipality’s Air Quality Data","authors":"C. Wright, B. Wernecke","doi":"10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.7512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.7512","url":null,"abstract":"Microsoft© Power BI© is a business analytics tool that visualises data in an accessible manner. It creates visual data reports quickly in a series of panels to give an overview of data while still offering access to more sophisticated visualisation methods too. Here, we explored the use of Power BI Desktop© to visualise and interpret air quality data for the Rustenburg Local Municipality. Rustenburg is located in the Waterberg-Bojanala Priority Area – the third air pollution priority area for air quality management. Ambient PM10 data for three cities, namely, Thlabane, Marikana and Boiketlong, were obtained for six years (2013-2018). Data underwent quality control before being imported into Power BI©. A four-panel dashboard was generated to show (in) compliance with the daily and annual average South African National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM10, annual and average concentrations, frequency of exceedances and a summary of data availability by site. Generally, PM10 data quantity and quality were poor and where data were available, concentrations were high. This type of data visualisation tool can be applied with relative ease by Air Quality Officers and Environmental Health Practitioners for a snapshot overview of the air quality in their area of jurisdiction. The interactive dashboard is also useful for making graphics for policy documents and reports.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43021788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Quantifying the effect of air quality offsets on household air pollution and thermal comfort on the South Africa Highveld 量化空气质量补偿对南非高原家庭空气污染和热舒适度的影响

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8282

J. A. Adesina, S. Piketh, M. Qhekwana, R. Burger, B. Language, G. Mkhatshwa

引用次数: 2

Air Pollution in Africa in the time of COVID-19: the air we breathe indoors and outdoors 2019冠状病毒病期间非洲的空气污染:我们在室内和室外呼吸的空气

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2020-05-04 DOI: 10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8227

A. Mbandi

引用次数: 16

Characterisation of semi-volatile hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines 柴油发动机半挥发性碳氢化合物排放特征

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.17159/CAJ/2020/30/1.7672

A. Mahlangu, P. Schaberg, Mark Wattrus, P. Forbes

{"title":"Characterisation of semi-volatile hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines","authors":"A. Mahlangu, P. Schaberg, Mark Wattrus, P. Forbes","doi":"10.17159/CAJ/2020/30/1.7672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/CAJ/2020/30/1.7672","url":null,"abstract":"Exhaust emissions from diesel vehicles have recently been receiving global attention, due to potential human health effects associated with exposure to emitted pollutants. In addition, a link has recently been established between unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from diesel engines and photochemical smog. Despite being present at very low concentrations in the exhaust, these HCs may act as precursors in the formation of photochemical smog pollution. While short-chain HCs are easier to characterise and have been successfully reduced in many developed cities, longer chain HCs, most likely arising from diesel exhaust emissions, have been poorly quantified and to date, a limited range of HCs from this source has been studied. In this study, transient cycle tests were conducted to collect exhaust emissions from a Euro 3 compliant, 1.6 L test engine fuelled with three diesel fuels (SAM10, PAR10, and EUR10), using portable denuder samplers which were analysed by thermal desorption-comprehensive 2D gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC x GC-TofMS). The SAM10 diesel had the greatest n-alkane emissions with greater emissions observed in the earlier phases (low and medium phase) of the WLTC test cycle. PAR10 diesel had the second highest n-alkane emissions and EUR10 had the lowest n-alkane emissions amongst the three fuels. Substituted alkyl-benzenes were also detected in the gas phase emissions from each fuel. The results showed that long-chain HCs were present at easily detectable concentrations in diesel engine exhaust emissions, which is critical in understanding their contribution to photochemical ozone and informing appropriate mitigation and management strategies.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45031706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An Environmental Justice Perspective on Air Quality Offsets 空气质量补偿的环境正义视角

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2019-12-17 DOI: 10.17159/CAJ/2019/29/2.7499

Kristy E. Langerman

{"title":"An Environmental Justice Perspective on Air Quality Offsets","authors":"Kristy E. Langerman","doi":"10.17159/CAJ/2019/29/2.7499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/CAJ/2019/29/2.7499","url":null,"abstract":"Air quality offsets in South Africa are intended to counterbalance the harm caused by atmospheric emissions and deliver a net ambient air quality benefit in the affected airshed. In practice, they are implemented as a condition of leniency from compliance with the Minimum Emission Standards, and they focus on converting solid fuel burning households in low-income communities to cleaner forms of energy. Air quality offsets are not supported by all stakeholders, with non-governmental organisations in particular voicing vociferous objections. To date, there have only been very limited analyses of the ethical dimensions of air quality offsets. In this paper, air quality offsets and the Minimum Emission Standards are examined and compared from the perspective of three notions of environmental justice: distributive justice, which focuses on the distribution of environmental burdens and benefits; procedural justice, which considers inclusion and exclusion in decision- and policy-making processes; and justice as recognition, which focuses on the cultural and institutional processes that determine recognition, misrecognition and non-recognition of various groups. It is found that air quality offsets should guide action which promotes distributive justice because they are focussed on reducing polluting emissions in vulnerable, low-income communities that are exposed to the highest levels of ambient pollution. From a procedural justice perspective, South Africa’s legislative processes provide for involving most stakeholders in decision-making processes. Air quality offset initiatives should be evaluated once they have been implemented at scale to determine whether they have indeed aided in redressing injustices. Assessment criteria could include whether the air quality-related health risk of vulnerable communities has been reduced, whether community members have participated in the design and implementation of interventions, and whether marginalised members of the community have benefitted from the interventions.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42740820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The use of long-term datasets for informing and evaluating air quality policy initiatives 使用长期数据集为空气质量政策举措提供信息和评估

Clean Air Journal Pub Date : 2019-12-17 DOI: 10.17159/CAJ/2019/29/2.7723

Kristy E. Langerman

引用次数: 0