Clean Air Journal最新文献

{"title":"Imagining an air quality framework that works: How do we mainstream offsets?","authors":"Phaṱhutshedzo Mukwevho, R. Burger, S. Piketh, N.S. Jacobs, B. Language, Henno Havenga, Daniël Düring","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of carbon dioxide emission factors from power generation in Burkina Faso","authors":"Bernard Nana, Hamadi Zallé, Issoufou Ouarma, T. Daho, Arsène H. Yonli, Antoine Béré","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15701","url":null,"abstract":"Power generation is the second largest source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), in Burkina Faso's energy sector. When preparing the National Communications on Climate Change, Burkina Faso uses the default emission factors of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to estimate emissions from power generation. This study presents an assessment of CO2 emission factors from power generation for 2018 in Burkina Faso and an assessment of the contribution of renewable energy to the reduction of CO2 emissions. The national electricity company of Burkina Faso was chosen as the scope for this study. The estimation of emission factors for combustion is based on an analysis of fuels which are characterised in terms of molecular composition, density and water content. For CO2, the emission factor is 76 903 kg/TJ for the combustion of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and 73 525 kg/TJ for that of Distillate Diesel Oil (DDO). Using these emission factors, the CO2 emissions attributable to power generation in 2018 were estimated at almost 580 Gg. The CO2 emission factor for thermal power generation was estimated at 0.663 kg/kWh and that of the electricity generation mix at 0.569 kg/kWh. Finally, the use of 14.25% renewable energy in electricity generation avoided 16.7% of CO2 emissions in 2018. The emission factor of electricity production decreases with the increase in the share of renewable energy in the energy mix.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"69 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to special issue ICAQ'AFRICA2022 Conference: Trends and perspectives in air quality research in Africa","authors":"Bertrand Tchanche, K. Fomba, Wahid Mellouki","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative carbon-based fuels","authors":"H. Neomagus, John Bunt, Nthabiseng Leokaoke","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"28 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of vehicle parameters on road PM10 vehicle resuspended emissions: A case in South African low-income settlement","authors":"N. Nkosi, R. Burger, C. Pauw, Nisa Ayob, S. Piketh","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15497","url":null,"abstract":"About 70% of the roads in low-income settlements are unpaved and close (≤15m) to residents, thus a major source of ambientand indoor PM10 concentrations. International studies have suggested that decreasing vehicle speed and managing vehicle type onpaved or unpaved roads can reduce vehicle dust emissions. These mitigation strategies should be examined before being adoptedand gazetted into South African air quality management plans. This study aimed to characterise roads and traffic, emphasisingdetermining the impact of vehicle type on PM10 emissions. GIS was used to determine the proportion of paved and unpaved roads. Atraffic counter was used to monitor vehicles and to determine traffic composition, diurnal cycles, and average speed per road type.Field campaigns (summer; 6 days; 15 hrs per day) were carried out in Bokamoso to monitor PM10 concentration usinga TSI DustTrak DRX® real-time optical aerosol counter. The Box Model method quantifies vehicle PM10 emission factors for heavy-duty, medium-duty, and motor vehicles. About 0.88 km of road within Bokamoso is paved with a daily traffic volume of >2000, and 3.6 km is unpaved with >250 daily traffic volume. Paved road heavy-duty vehicle non-exhaust PM10 emissions reported a positive medium to strong coefficient of determination to vehicle speed increase with a coefficient of determination of 0.59. Even though there is a positive coefficient of determination between heavy-duty vehicle non-exhaust PM10 emission factors and speed on unpaved roads, it is weak (0.2) due to low and less variable vehicle speed. Motor vehicle paved and unpaved road non-exhaust emission factors showed no significant coefficient of determination with increased vehicle speed. Paved road non-exhaust emission factors were not significantly variable with vehicle type. They ranged between an average of 0.15-0.18 g/km/h, with motor vehicles reporting an average of 0.18 g/km/h while heavy-duty vehicles reported an average of 0.15 g/km/h. On the contrary, unpaved road non-exhaust traffic PM10 emissions ranged between 0.16-0.3 g/km/h. The emission factors presented may be used to model vehicle traffic emissions, improve on-road vehicle dust emissions impact assessment and as a guide when deciding on local applicable road dust mitigation strategies","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing anthropogenic contribution to PM2.5 from an urban residential area of Lagos, Nigeria using aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds as indicators","authors":"O. Faboya, K. Fomba, Godwin C. Ezeh, Hartmut Herrmann","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15790","url":null,"abstract":"Aliphatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 samples from a residential area of Lagos, Nigeria, were quantified using a Curie-point pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (CPPGC/MS). The total concentrations of ∑n-alkanes (C20-C34), hopanes (∑4Hopanes), and steranes (∑3Steranes) ranged from 1.8 to 146.6 ng m-3 (avg. 43.6 ± 35.1 ng m-3), 0.0 to 89.9 ng m-3 (avg. 18.7 ± 25.9 ng m-3), and 0.0 to 26.0 ng m-3 (avg. 3.3 ± 6.7 ng m-3), accounting for 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.01% of the total PM2.5 mass concentrations, respectively. They also accounted for, 1%, 0.4% and 0.1% of the organic matter content, respectively, making them non-negligible component of the organic matter in this region. An evaluation of the n-alkanes source diagnostic indices revealed that engines powered by gasoline and diesel were the main sources of particulate matter aliphatic hydrocarbons in this area of Lagos, consistent with the results obtained from steranes and hopanes profiles. Based on the air mass trajectories, both local and regional air mass transports showed a significant influence on the amounts of carbonaceous materials and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds arriving at the study site. The results from this study established the occurrence of anthropogenic air pollution in Lagos residential area with a major contribution from petrogenic sources.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let’s write in our African languages: Clean Air Journal’s inclusive language policy","authors":"M. Mpanza","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreasing trend in SO2 concentrations over Durban: 2004 - 2014","authors":"Barbara Duigan, S. K. Sangeetha, V. Sivakumar","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15451","url":null,"abstract":"The climatology of ambient SO2 air pollution was investigated in Durban, South Africa using data collected by seven air quality monitoring stations (Ferndale, Grosvenor, Jacobs, Wentworth, Settlers School, Southern Works and Prospecton) operated by eThekwini municipality (2004–2014, 2018-2019). These sites constitute a mix of urban and industrial locations. Yearly average trends indicated that no site exceeded the yearly average national guideline (19ppbv) 2004-2014, 2018-2019. Southern Works, Wentworth and Jacobs, recorded highest yearly averages, a consequence of situation within Durban South Industrial Basin (DSIB) while Ferndale recorded lowest yearly averages, a reflection of location in an urban environment. Results of linear fitting to yearly average data (2004-2014) indicated negative trends (all sites). The largest trend was recorded at Jacobs (-0.48ppbv yr-1) and smallest trends observed at Prospecton (-0.12ppbv yr-1), Ferndale (-0.084ppbv yr-1) and Grosvenor (-0.024ppbv yr-1). Using these linear trends, projected SO2 levels were calculated and compared to actual data where it existed (2019 - Wentworth, Settlers, Prospecton), (2018, 2019 Southern Works). Comparison of actual with projected data indicated that except for Prospecton, projected yearly averages are lower than actual yearly averages for these sites. The largest difference between projected and actual data occurred for Southern Works in 2019 (4.10 ppbv). Monthly averages displayed periodic behaviour with maxima recorded in winter and minima in summer. Highest monthly averages were consistently recorded at Wentworth, Jacobs or Southern Works. Maximum monthly average (2004- 2019) was reported at Jacobs, June 2009 (21.71± 2.82ppbv) while minimum monthly average (2004–2019) was reported at Ferndale, December 2012 (0.32±0.04ppbv).\u0000Previous Durban SO2 studies are considerably older or of shorter duration than the analysis presented here and are limited as they principally focus on yearly average trends. The determination of SO2 levels over additional averaging periods (monthly average, seasonal variation, seasonal average) coupled with a larger data set and the comparison across sites (industrial vs urban) provides a more detailed exposure profile as experienced by individuals living and working in the eThekwini municipality and thereby expands on previous investigations.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"42 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and chemical composition of deposited particulate matter from gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust emissions","authors":"Abdelkader Lemou, Nabila Ait Ouakli, Amina Djadi, Lyes Rabhi, N. Cherifi, R. Ladji, N. Yassaa","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15341","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of transport-emitted aerosols containing in vehicle exhaust emissions derived from the combustion of fuels such as diesel, premium gasoline, and unleaded gasoline was performed in this study by employing a range of analytical techniques (Laser granulometry, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetry). The X-ray diffractogram of diesel (D) derived aerosols showed an amorphous structure while those of unleaded gasoline (UG) and premium gasoline (PG), showed amorphous crystalline phases. The chemical composition of D, PG and UG derived particles was dominated by aliphatic C-H groups of alkanes with relatively low C=O groups of carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, lactones, and sulphate (SO4 2-) inorganic salts. The nitrogen-containing functionality (NO3-) was specific to particles of PG and UG. Laser particle size analysis showed fine particle sizes (Range) generated from diesel exhausts, thus making them dangerous when inhaled, as they can penetrate deeply into the human airways and become incorporated into the blood stream damaging other viscera.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"137 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remembering Gustav Marthinus Snyman","authors":"Gerhard Held, Kobus Pienaar","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"82 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}