Clean Air Journal最新文献

{"title":"NACA conference 2023 – Collaborating for clean air: Confronting climate change and air quality together","authors":"Danitza Klopper, R. Burger","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.17004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"48 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of ambient particulate matter loading at Henties Bay, Namibia","authors":"Monray D Belelie, Henno Havenga, Danitza Klopper, Rebecca M Garland, Brigitte Language, Paola Formenti, Andreas Namwoonde, Roelof P Burger, Stuart J Piketh","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.16670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.16670","url":null,"abstract":"The Namibian coast is one of the areas of international interest for aerosol studies. This is due to the region’s importance for the global radiation budget because of the presence of a semi-permanent stratocumulus cloud along the coast. Aerosol particles may scatter/absorb radiation and directly influence how long clouds last by modifying their properties. This is all dependent on the particles’ chemical and physical properties because of the sources they were emitted from. In this study, we identified and investigated episodes of high (HAE) and low (LAE) PM concentrations and the meteorology that may favour their occurrence. Here, we investigated PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less) and PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less) at Henties Bay, Namibia. Daily aerosol measurements were taken with E-samplers between 15 and 29 July 2019. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was used to investigate the long-range atmospheric transport of air masses that reached Henties Bay. The study found that during HAEs, the average PM2.5 concentration was 28.40 ± 18.10 µg/m3 and the average PM10 concentration was 68.20 ± 44.3 µg/m3. In contrast, during LAEs, the average PM2.5 concentration was 13.3 ± 9.52 µg/m3 and the average PM10 concentration was 30.00 ± 23.00 µg/m3. In both fractions, there was an observed dominant contribution from marine sources.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"168 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of air quality issues and air quality management status in five major African cities","authors":"Rafael Borge, Sebastian Lange, Robert Kehew","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/2.15605","url":null,"abstract":"Poor air quality is one of the main dysfunctions of the rapid urbanisation process in Africa. Although the information is fragmented, the limited evidence available points out that air quality is a leading health risk in Africa, especially affecting the poorest, most vulnerable communities. In this study, we look into five cities in Africa to understand the nature of urban air quality issues and to delve into the initial responses. We report on the status of the main air quality management dimensions, including air quality standards and monitoring strategy/capabilities, emission inventories and air quality modelling, health impact assessment studies, communication practices, development and implementation of clean air action plans (in connection with other relevant strategies, i.e. climate change policies) and governance issues. We find that all cities have limited monitoring capabilities although communication strategies may differ substantially. While indoor pollution sources are declining in more developed economies, traffic is a growing concern in all five cities. In most cases, air quality issues are mostly related to PM2.5 and natural contributions worsen air pollution from road transport, biomass and open waste burning. While nationally-driven strategies, often based on large-scale engineering projects and financial schemes, may report substantial gains in early stages, multi-level governance and planning is likely to maximize benefits and provide a useful framework for the complex problem of air quality management in the long run. The integration of air quality plans in overarching strategies to tackle persistent poverty and social inequity is urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"397 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution in Johannesburg, South Africa: Exceedances, diurnal cycles, seasonality, Ox chemistry and O3 production rates","authors":"Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, M. Naidoo, B. Zhu, J. Geddes, R. Garland","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.15367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.15367","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-level ozone (O3) is an air pollutant of major health and environmental concern. The Johannesburg-Pretoria megacity in South Africa is the industrial and economical capital of the country with more than 10 million inhabitants experiencing poor air quality. In 2004, the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) began monitoring trace gases to assess ground-level O3 pollution. Here, we use CoJ’s publicly available air quality data, and present the first long-term data analysis of O3, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), NOx and carbon monoxide (CO) in the City from 2004 to 2011 at three air quality monitoring sites: Buccleuch, Delta Park and Newtown. We quantified CoJ’s South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) exceedances for O3 and NO2, and demonstrate the City’s substantial O3 and NO2 air pollution problem. O3 mixing ratios peak in the early afternoon as expected due to photochemical production. To estimate O3 production rates, we summed O3 and NO2 diurnal profiles to obtain Ox mixing ratios at each site. This analysis provided insight into missing volatile organic compound (VOC) reactivity as well as primary NO2 emissions information necessary for developing tropospheric O3 pollution mitigation strategies. Furthermore, CoJ experiences high O3 mixing ratios on weekends due to lower NOx traffic emissions titrating the O3, thereby providing evidence of a VOC-limited regime for O3 production. Seasonal peak O3 occurs in the austral spring, a maximum that we link to increases in water (H2O) concentrations which in turn increases radical chemistry leading to O3. In addition, wintertime VOC and aerosol emissions from biomass burning over the winter add important precursors for O3 formation once radical chemistry is initiated during the first rain events in early spring. In all, this study will help inform air quality modelling and policy work on air pollutants in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43291399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air quality risks pertaining to tailings storage facilities within the Witwatersrand goldfields","authors":"M. Liefferink","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.16206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.16206","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution related to Witwatersrand TSFs poses a number of hazards to surrounding communities. The major primary pathways by which contamination can enter the environment from TSFs are: • the airborne pathway, where radon gas and windblown dust disperse outwards from mine sites, • the waterborne pathway, either via ground or surface water or due to direct access, where people are contaminated, • or externally irradiated after unauthorized entry to a mine site, • by living in settlements directly adjacent to TSFs or in some cases, living in settlements on the contaminated footprints of abandoned mines (Sutton, 2007).","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41453120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiating activities to tackle the health impacts from air pollution in East Africa: bringing together research, policy and practice","authors":"C. Wright, V. Nthusi, Pallavi Pant","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.16000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.16000","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a global threat to human health, especially in lowand middle-income countries such as those on the African continent. In more than half of the countries across Africa, annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are over 35 μg/m3, the least stringent interim target set by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2021) (Figure 1). This indicates the drastic problem facing human health across Africa in relation to air pollution exposure and subsequent adverse health impacts.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46407933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies into the reduction of domestic fuel burning emissions by means of facile catalytic abatement technology","authors":"M. Steyn, Nicolaas Claassen, Patricia Forbes","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.14951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.14951","url":null,"abstract":"The negative health and socio-economic impacts of emissions associated with domestic fuel burning are widely recognized. Although there has been much progress in the provision of electricity to households in South Africa, many still rely on solid fuel sources such as wood and coal. While various investigations have been done on reducing household emissions by reducing the use of polluting fuels and improvements in combustion efficiency, comparatively fewer studies have been conducted on the reduction of emissions through emission reduction using abatement technology. Catalytic oxidation could be utilized to oxidize particulate matter precursors such as volatile organic compounds and soot particles to reduce secondary particulate formation. Although catalytic methods have not been effectively utilized in practical domestic applications, studies have shown effective soot reduction during laboratory testing. This study investigated the synthesis and use of a manganese oxide based catalyst to reduce particulate matter from domestic fuel burning stoves. During field testing, the presence of the catalyst increased the mass of particulate matter collected, with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showing spherical particles in the pores of the catalyst run filters. The baseline runs had very few of these particle clusters. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis of the catalyst run filters did not detect manganese, revealing that increased particulate concentrations were not as a result of macroscopic particles of the catalyst being dislodged from the support. Dislodgement of very small metal particles from the catalyst could, however serve as nucleation nodes for particle growth which would have a non-metal coating leading to the non-detection of manganese. The increase in particulate matter could also be caused by the impingement of particulate matter precursors on the catalyst followed by particle growth and dislodgement into the flue gas. The testwork showed that an active catalyst can be synthesized onto a mesh catalyst support in a facile and cost effective manner, which can be utilized in domestic fuel burning devices. It is recommended that a range of optimized, potentially active catalysts be tested to improve the oxidation of particulate matter precursors to carbon dioxide.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44824426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a baseline of published air pollution and health research studies in the Waterberg-Bojanala Priority Area","authors":"B. Wernecke, Natasha Pillay Naidoo, C. Wright","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.14887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.14887","url":null,"abstract":"An umbrella review study was conducted to establish a baseline of published air pollution and health research studies in the Waterberg-Bojanala Priority Area (WBPA). Forty peer-reviewed research studies were included based on the systematic search criteria. Less than ten studies considered air quality and health in the WBPA (as opposed to only air quality) and of these studies, only a few collected human health data in relation to air pollution exposure. Identified studies together showed that air quality is a problem in the WBPA, with ambient air quality levels often exceeding national ambient air quality standards. Based on the findings, we recommend that more focused health studies be conducted in the WBPA to better understand the air pollution-related health burden at the population and the individual level. Such studies will help bolster the baseline evidence of the impacts of air pollution on human health and wellbeing in the WBPA and support decision-making in the future.","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49061502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South Africa’s electricity disaster is an air quality disaster, too","authors":"Kristy E. Langerman, Rebecca M. Garland, G. Feig, M. Mpanza, B. Wernecke","doi":"10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.15799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2023/33/1.15799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48828156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientists discuss the state of air quality research in Africa during the First International Conference on Air Quality in Africa – ICAQ’AFRICA2022","authors":"Bertrand Tchanche Fankam, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, W. Mellouki, D. Westervelt, M. Giordano","doi":"10.17159/caj/2022/32/2.15243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2022/32/2.15243","url":null,"abstract":"technical sessions, keynote talks, special sessions","PeriodicalId":37511,"journal":{"name":"Clean Air Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49151726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}