{"title":"The Impacts of Cognitive and Affective Risk Perception of COVID-19 on Life Well-Being","authors":"A. Dalgıç, Mahmut Demir, F. D. Ergen","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch032","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of cognitive and affective risk perceptions that the employees perceive due to COVID-19 on their well-being. Another purpose is to reveal the mediating role of understanding of COVID-19 in the impact of the risk perceptions perceived by the employees due to COVID-19 on their well-being. The data of the study were collected between December 15, 2020 and February 15, 2021. It was found that cognitive and affective risk perceptions caused by COVID-19 significantly and negatively affected the well-being of the employees.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122589140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of COVID-19 on Health Tourism and Tourist Health","authors":"Mehtap Ataseven Bulun, O. Yarar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch036","url":null,"abstract":"The high epidemic rate of COVID-19, its impact on the shrinkage in the world economy, and changes in the daily routines of people show that it is not only a problem that concerns public health, but also a major concern which coerces people (and countries) all over the world to rethink in the name of sustainability of contemporary lifestyles and to work on systemic changes. Undoubtedly, health tourism is one of these subjects. In this chapter, the authors present an overview of COVID-19's effects on health tourism and tourist health.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121244350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on the Tourism Global Value Chain","authors":"Maha Elhini, Dina Kafafy","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this chapter is to examine the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism global value chain (GVC). Theoretical analysis revealed that being triggered by health factors, the coronavirus pandemic exerted an unprecedented shock on both the supply and demand sides of the tourism sector and the global economy. This resulted in implications that are more severe and less predictable than earlier crises that the world had witnessed. Analysis of the economic impact on various components of the tourism GVC revealed that measures adopted by world governments to protect their citizens resulted in massive damage to tourism related industries and to the global economy. The chapter concludes by predicting that the consequences of the current pandemic will inevitably give rise to new, more innovate tourism models, responding to the changing global economic and tourism landscape and to the change in consumers' characteristics and expectations.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125906848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rise of Digitalization in the Tourism Industry During COVID-19","authors":"Ö. İlhan","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch041","url":null,"abstract":"Undoubtedly, tourism is one of the sectors most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, it is one of the most important issues in tourism research. The strategies implemented in combating the pandemic caused a significant increase in the use of digital technologies in tourism. In this context, in this chapter, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism on digitalization are examined in the context of transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, and tourist experience. Research findings indicate that the traditional concept of space in tourism geography is in a transformation towards cyberspace. The pandemic has proven our need for digital strategies and planning tools in tourism. The future will be a time when smart and cyber tourism is increasingly discussed.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125912987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling Attitudes to Nature, Tourism, and Sustainable Development in National Parks","authors":"Ilaria Marotta, F. Corbisiero, Luigi delle Cave","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch037","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter, part of the broader debate about the concept of sustainable tourism, pays particular attention to the characteristics and environmental, social, and economic effects of tourist flows in protected natural areas. The concept of sustainable tourism includes all those forms of tourism that are neither invasive nor destructive in relation to natural and cultural resources. The combination of tourism, protected areas, and sustainability is, in fact, a central lever in the analysis of local development processes. Based on the results of the survey, they identify several aspects that make up the profile of users, develop a sustainability index, assess the local impact of tourist flows, and reflect on socio-economic development processes in light of the consequences of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123729670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Practices in the Tourism Sector During COVID-19","authors":"Meral Büyükkuru, N. Yilmaz","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch031","url":null,"abstract":"The tourism sector is one of the main economic sectors of both developed and developing countries. It is one of the sectors that feels the most destructive effects of COVID-19 in terms of generating income, providing employment, and covering many sub-sectors. A number of practices, recommendations, and decisions have been put forward to minimize the devastating effects of the pandemic by the international bodies. Although the COVID-19 epidemic has been brought under control in some countries with various vaccination practices and a new normalization process has been entered into, the traces of its destructive effects are still visible in the tourism industry. Therefore, this chapter draws the attention of the reader to comprehensive and up to the present unconventional practices in the industry due to the impacts of COVID-19 on the tourism and hospitality industry.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131742872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic and Social Impacts of COVID-19 on European Tourism","authors":"Gorkemli Kazar, Altug Kazar, T. Akpınar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"European tourism has been largely disrupted by the pandemic throughout 2020. In this study, the economic and social effects of COVID-19 on the tourism sector of European countries were examined. To understand the extent of the pandemic on European tourism, policies followed by countries, physical tourism flows of the accommodation sector, tourism employment, and turnover rates were considered. The study showed that the European tourism sector, especially after the second half of 2020, was hit socially and economically by the devastating effects of the pandemic. In addition, the study revealed the necessity for radical regulations within the sector in the post-pandemic period.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131232530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19 and Alternative Tourism","authors":"Buket Buluk Eşitti","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch038","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), tourism is expected to lose between $900 billion and $1.2 trillion in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also estimated that the decrease in the total number of tourists due to the COVID-19 pandemic will occur between 58% and 78%. It can be said that competition in the tourism sector will be experienced intensely among countries with alternative tourism diversity when evaluated in terms of outbreaks that may occur in COVID-19 process and after. In this context, it is seen that natural habitats, physical spaces isolated from society, digitalization, and smart tourism applications will gain more importance in terms of tourism activities and will come to the fore in the destination preferences of tourists. Based on this, this chapter aims to examine the subject of COVID-19 and alternative tourism in the context of new destinations and new tourism products.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132388254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Vaithinathan, N. Anwar, A. Sulieman, Fadheela AlAlawi, Mohammed Yousif Mohammed, Sharique Ahmed
{"title":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Food Safety","authors":"A. Vaithinathan, N. Anwar, A. Sulieman, Fadheela AlAlawi, Mohammed Yousif Mohammed, Sharique Ahmed","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch029","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to impact our daily chores of work, education, travel, and food. In this chapter, historical anecdote of SARS pandemic of 2003 is compared with the current COVID-19 with the timeline. The emergence and the primary mode of airborne transmission of the SARS CoV2 that has been incriminated in the outbreaks of meat processing plants is discussed. Considering the WHO report on the likelihood of four possible pathways in the introduction of SARS CoV2 that included the introduction through cold food chain products, advisories for owners, employees, and guests in the hospitality, food, and beverage industry are provided that emphasize on food safety through HACCP food management systems. The approaches of pretravel consultation, vaccination, and adhering to good behaviors of physical distancing, hand hygiene, and face masking are detailed to anticipate early bounce back of the tourism, hospitality, food, and beverage industries.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114513042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecasting Hotel Occupancy Rates With Artificial Neural Networks in the COVID-19 Process","authors":"Arzu Organ, Cansu Tosun Gavcar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch028","url":null,"abstract":"In the tourism sector, accommodation business demand forecasting provides a great benefit for tourism professionals, especially hotel managers, in the strategic decision-making process. For demand estimation, the artificial neural networks (ANN) method, which works similar to a human brain cell and makes realistic predictions, has been preferred. The aim of this study was to develop an eight input and output variable of the feedforward radiated back an ANN is in a specially certified hotel room occupancy rate in Turkey to investigate the applicability of the method to predict. Four different alternative network structures were created from the data set with the K-fold cross validation method. As a result of the test simulation, it was determined that the estimated and actual occupancy rates of the network with the lowest error were close to each other. According to this designed model, the monthly occupancy rate for the years 2019 and 2020 has been estimated. As a result, the effect of COVID-19 was revealed by comparing the hotel occupancy rate with the actual rates.","PeriodicalId":374862,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122191287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}