2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)最新文献

{"title":"Viticulture and Cultural Landscapes: remote sensing and Earth surface processes modelling to promote sustainable agricultural practices","authors":"Eugenio Straffelini, P. Tarolli","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964716","url":null,"abstract":"Viticulture, when practised in its traditional form, can contribute to creating unique cultural landscapes. Several examples exist worldwide, often included in specific protection lists that aim to protect and promote them (such as UNESCO and GIAHS). The complex morphological characteristics of these territories, resulting from centuries of human-nature interaction, make them fragile and susceptible to external disturbances. Among the responsible for serious impacts are the surface processes triggered by heavy rainfall. It causes direct effects on the landscape, from soil erosion to collapses of rural structures to vast areas of land degradation. This phenomenon is accelerated by two factors. The first is climate change, with an increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall events; the second is unsustainable human development, which is reflected in agricultural practices. Of considerable interest is the issue of soil compaction caused by the transit of agricultural machinery. In addition to purely agronomic problems, this is associated with increased surface runoff and resulting issues. Therefore, it is necessary to promote lighter machinery, at least for small agricultural duties. Although innovation is making great strides in the mechanical sector, there is still much to be done in understanding what the benefits in terms of surface processes of using light machinery in viticulture might be. This investigation encourages research in this direction, proposing a remote sensing and modelling approach based on data collected in the field and surveyed using U A V -SfM. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the advantages of using a lightweight prototype for vineyard cultivation compared to a traditional competitor. Firstly, the work attempts to assess the critical precipitation thresholds that activate surface runoff for two rows of an experimental vineyard, one operated with a light prototype and the other with a traditional tractor. In addition, the work simulates a recent critical rainfall event that occurred in the vineyard and diagnostically compares the two study rows. Research outcomes aim to stimulate technological innovation toward more sustainable light mechanisation, as well as to raise farmers' awareness of their primary role in preserving cultural agricultural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126334009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-constellation Network RTK for Automatic Guidance in Precision Agriculture","authors":"F. Radicioni, A. Stoppini, G. Tosi, L. Marconi","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965046","url":null,"abstract":"GNSS navigation methods have acquired an increasing role in precision agriculture, especially for machine control and guidance, allowing to obtain high accuracy position data thanks to the RTK/NRTK technique. The aim of this work is to test the correct functioning of automatic driving systems with differential correction obtained from a regional GNSS network (GPS Umbria), evaluating the advantages of multi-constellation corrections with respect to the GPS + GLONASS configuration, more usual for agricultural applications. For testing purposes an independent geodetic receiver was installed on NRTK controlled vehicles performing a contemporary data acquisition. The experimental campaign was carried out during different agricultural processes in test areas in Umbria (central Italy) with variable environmental conditions. The results obtained with the geodetic receiver were used as a reference solution to validate the measurements performed by the systems on board the vehicles, and comparisons were made between the accuracies obtained with GPS-GLONASS only versus a full multi-constellation navigation, demonstrating the advantages obtainable with the latter.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133245068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood pellet bulk density determination by machine vision deep learning technique","authors":"G. Toscano, R. Pierdicca, Thomas Gasperini, Andrea Felicetti, G. Rossini, M. Balestra","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965100","url":null,"abstract":"Bulk density is one of the physical parameters required by ISO 17225–2 to evaluate the quality of wood pellets. A change in this pellet characteristic leads to considerable variations in combustion efficiency. Pellet bulk density calculation is a time-consuming operation which can be carried out since the pellet production phase. Our research aims to develop an alternative method potentially applicable also on-board heating systems. This work has the task of testing and verifying the efficiency of a system that uses a deep neural network, to determine the pellet bulk density. Our implemented system detects, segments, and determines the volume of wood pellets in a bunch. This problem is not trivial, due to the irregular lighting conditions that affect the quality of the images and the overlapping of the wood pellets. However, the differences between estimated and measured bulk density appear to be non-negligible but this approach provides promising results, especially because it is one of the first approaches in the energy sector.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116099796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of using production factors in assessing farm risk: a simulation on the role of irrigation data","authors":"L. Biagini, C. Zinnanti, S. Severini","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965071","url":null,"abstract":"Risk assessment at the farm level is pivotal to developing appropriate managerial choices. This is specifically needed to identify and use the appropriate mix of available risk management tools. Among these is the appropriate choice of the level of use of inputs such as irrigation water and chemicals. Several pieces of information and methods are used for this scope. However, the type and amount of data available often represent a constraint to improving the analyses. In economic research, the input use is generally not measured in terms of quantity but in terms of costs farmers pay for these categories of inputs due to the heterogeneous nature of the inputs. The inputs generally considered are irrigation water, fertilizers, chemicals, labour and other inputs. The purpose of the analysis is to assess whether shifting from using the costs of water only to also using the physical amount of water changes the assessment of farm risk and, finally, whether this can improve the quality of the assessment. This paper resorts to an econometric approach that allows assessing the role of variable inputs, as well as other farm characteristics, on the risk profile of farms. The latter is described according to the moments of the deviation of observed income from predicted incomes. However, because data on the amount of irrigation water is provided, the model is estimated two times: one using the cost of water only and another using data in quantity (m3). The preliminary results of the analysis suggest that including data on the physical amount of water used for irrigation does indeed change the outcome of the risk assessment generating some improvements, at least in the case study. These results, even if referred to only irrigation water, suggest that the availability of quantitative data could improve risk assessment. Therefore, it is possible to argue that the application of new technologies that allow measuring input use at the individual farm level, such as those related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and, more in general, to Agriculture 4.0, could indeed ameliorate the results of similar analyses.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"10 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115186436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV in Precision Agriculture: a Preliminary Assessment of Uncertainty for Vegetation Health Index","authors":"Fatemeh Khalesi, P. Daponte, L. De Vito, F. Picariello, IOAN TUDOSA","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964645","url":null,"abstract":"Success in Precision Agriculture (PA) for improving crop performance and environmental quality is related to how well and accurately vegetation, soil, and environment parameters are measured. This paper proposes a preliminary assessment of the measurement uncertainty related to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by considering wavelength as uncertainty source. Furthermore, it reports an overview of the main sensors embedded in UAVs for PA applications. In particular, the physical principles of multispectral cameras and the impact of the atmospheric absorption and scattering on the spectral measurements are discussed. Also, three figures of merit widely used in PA (i.e., NDVI, Normalized Difference Moisture Index, and Crop Water Stress Index) are presented.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120937006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficiency of digestate as inoculum for in vitro digestibility of feeds","authors":"Sara Glorio Patrucco, R. Fortina, Flavia Dela Pierre, E. Dinuccio, S. Tassone","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964627","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen fluid is the most widely used inoculum for in vitro feed digestibility trials. The digestate from animal manure is widely studied but there are no data on its use as an alternative inoculum; its use would be greatly beneficial thanks to its availability, easiness in sampling and possibility to store it for long times. In this study we perform a preliminary test on the potential efficacy of the digestate as inoculum for in vitro digestibility of feeds using rumen fluid as control. The parameter used to assess the efficacy of the digestate was the Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility of nine Total Mixed Rations for dairy cows classed into three groups according to their Neutral Detergent Fiber amount (low; medium; high). Four incubation times (48 h, 60 h, 72 h and 96 h) were tested; the data were compared with those measured with the rumen fluid after 48 h of incubation. The results showed that no significant differences were observed among the four incubation times. The digestibility using digestate as inoculum was lower than rumen fluid with low fiber diets at 48 h of incubation. For medium fiber diets, the digestibility values were similar with only one exception; for high fiber diets no differences were observed between rumen fluid and digestate at all incubation times. According to these results, digestate proved to be an efficient substitute of the rumen fluid with high or medium fiber diets, with low fiber diets incubation time need to be of 60h to have similar values to rumen fluid. Further trials with digestates of different origin and chemical and microbiological composition are needed to confirm its efficacy to determine the in vitro digestibility of a wider range of feeds.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114211289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cell size on mechanics of strawberry fruit tissue","authors":"Xuejiao An, Zhiguo Li, M. Zude-Sasse","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964536","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry fruit are high value products because of their unique flavor appreciated by consumers. However, the soft texture of strawberries makes them sus-ceptible to mechanical damage during post-harvest han-dling, which accelerates the fruit decay. Better insight in the varying mechanical properties of strawberry is needed. Strawberry fruit cells were suspended by 0.3 M mannitol solution and microwave heating. Cell size was measured with particle size analyser based on laser scat-tering technology. Average diameter of cells wasn't re-lated to ripeness stage with 263, 270, and 259 $mu m$ at light, medium and dark red stages, respectively. The absorption coefficients measured in the anthocyanine and chloro-phyll absorption ranges were correlated with the colour appearance as expected. The average absorption coeffi-cient at 655 nm was 3.70, 3.23, and 2.14 cm−1 at dark, me-dium and light red ripening stages, respectively. The average of absorption coefficient at 405 nm was 0.39, 0.31, and 0.13 cm−1 at dark, medium and light red appearing fruit, respectively. The dark red fruit showed enhanced elastic modulus and failure stress, while failure strain was reduced. The cell size, grouped with means of 225, 250, and 275 $mu m$, affected the failure stress in all size groups. Failure strain was different in fruit with small, 225 $mu m$, cell size, whereas the elastic modulus appeared unaffected from cell size.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"399 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124740812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of dairy cattle slurry for biogas production and nitrogen recovery","authors":"Ester Scotto di Perta, R. Grieco, S. Papirio, G. Esposito, E. Cervelli, S. Pindozzi","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964534","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely distributed within livestock farms, although not providing any reduction of excessive nutrients. This paper investigates AD coupled with ammonia stripping as an integrated management strategy for manure deriving from intensive livestock breeding. Biomethane potential tests were performed considering three different mixtures of feedstock, representative of a seasonal feeding of a real-scale AD plant in Southern Italy. Results show that the specific cumulative methane production obtained under the three conditions investigated ranged between 133 and 155 NmL CH4/g VS. Ammonia stripping allows considerably reducing the $mathbf{N}$ content of the digestate. Specifically, N ranged from 1531.46 to 563.19 mg N-NH4+/L and from 1189.71 to 425.24 mg N-NH4+/L, for dairy slurry digestate and winter digestate, respectively.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114146578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between a rigid and flexible border irrigation scheduling: a pilot case study in Northern Italy","authors":"F. Gangi, C. Gandolfi, D. Masseroni","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964835","url":null,"abstract":"Border irrigation is one of the most common methods for watering row crops worldwide. Traditionally, this method requires large quantities of fresh water to be poured onto the fields following a rigid rotation planned by the irrigation consortia. Consequently, border irrigation practice is often affected by inefficiency due to over-irrigation in respect to the seasonal crop water need. In this work, the results of an experimental campaign aimed to compare the effects of a rigid and a flexible irrigation scheduling on the seasonal water consumptions and crop production were discussed. The results show that a water saving of at least 10% could be reached (without loss in crop yield) if on-demand irrigation is implemented. This finding provides useful information for improving the management of border irrigation in practice, and, more specifically, to understand what margin of improvement can be obtained in terms of water saving, both under current conditions and in view of future increasing freshwater scarcity.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerial-RGB imagery based 3D canopy reconstruction and mapping of grapevines for precision management","authors":"Giacomo Tolomelli, Gajanan S. Kothawade, A. Chandel, L. Manfrini, P. Jacoby, L. Khot","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965062","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at exploring suitability of aerial-RGB imagery to map canopy vigor variability for precision vineyard management decision support. Unmanned aerial system with RGB imaging capability was used to image modern vertical shoot position trained vineyard multiple times in 2020 and 2021 field season. The vineyard had surface as well as deep root zone irrigation treatments of different levels (i.e., 100, 80, 60, 40% of evapotranspiration, ET). A custom algorithm was developed to 3D reconstruct the individual vine canopy and extract volume using convex hull method. The algorithm was successful in estimating canopy volumes with pertinent data being highly correlated ($r = 0.64$) with ground reference volume measurements. The resulting spatial volume maps also successfully quantified variation in irrigation treatments. Overall, the proposed high throughput canopy mapping approach can help growers to better understand vine canopy vigor variability throughout the production season and aid in vineyard management.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133280219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}