{"title":"What is the Role of Caffeine in the Management of Preterm Infants?","authors":"David M Rub, Eric C Eichenwald","doi":"10.1007/s40746-025-00329-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40746-025-00329-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To describe how clinical practice around caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity has shifted in response to emerging data, with particular emphasis on changes in initiation timing, dosing strategies, and treatment duration.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Several new studies have begun to explore alternative approaches to caffeine therapy, including trials of caffeine initiation in the delivery room, increased loading and maintenance dosing, and extended use through later postmenstrual ages. Notably, the MOCHA and ICAF trials offer new insights into the potential risks and benefits of prolonging therapy beyond traditional discontinuation thresholds. These studies reflect growing interest in tailoring caffeine treatment to the evolving physiology of preterm infants, though long-term outcomes remain under investigation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Clinical use of caffeine has evolved far beyond the original CAP protocol, driven by physiologic rationale and early trial signals, but often outpaces the strength of the evidence. Future multicenter, randomized trials are essential to confirm safety and efficacy of earlier initiation, higher dosing, and extended duration and to ensure that practice refinements translate into durable improvements in preterm infant outcomes worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":37445,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics","volume":"11 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ihtisham Ahmad, A. Khondker, J. Kwong, L. Erdman, J. Kim, J. Dos Santos, M. Chua, A. Lorenzo, M. Rickard
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Tools in Pediatric Urology: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Landscape and Current Utilization","authors":"Ihtisham Ahmad, A. Khondker, J. Kwong, L. Erdman, J. Kim, J. Dos Santos, M. Chua, A. Lorenzo, M. Rickard","doi":"10.1007/s40746-024-00301-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-024-00301-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37445,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Marian Colarelli, Md, Maria E Barbian, P. Denning
{"title":"Prevention Strategies and Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis","authors":"Andrea Marian Colarelli, Md, Maria E Barbian, P. Denning","doi":"10.1007/s40746-024-00297-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-024-00297-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37445,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John T. Wren, Patrick J. McNamara, Maria Gillam-Krakauer
{"title":"Contemporary Perspectives on the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates: A Hemodynamics-Driven Approach","authors":"John T. Wren, Patrick J. McNamara, Maria Gillam-Krakauer","doi":"10.1007/s40746-024-00296-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-024-00296-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37445,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fontan-Associated Liver Disease and the Double Organ Transplant: Addressing the Heart of the Argument","authors":"Naseem Ravanbakhsh, Juliet Emamaullee","doi":"10.1007/s40746-024-00295-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-024-00295-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37445,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter R. Farrell, Leslie Farrell, Michael K. Farrell
{"title":"The Approach to the Management of a Child with Chronic Abdominal Pain","authors":"Peter R. Farrell, Leslie Farrell, Michael K. Farrell","doi":"10.1007/s40746-023-00288-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-023-00288-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37445,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics","volume":"203 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical Management Considerations of Premature Infants with Congenital Heart Disease","authors":"Pavika Varma, John S. Kim","doi":"10.1007/s40746-024-00294-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-024-00294-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37445,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics","volume":" 791","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Management of Nocturnal Enuresis","authors":"Angelina Dixon, Brian Miller","doi":"10.1007/s40746-023-00291-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-023-00291-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37445,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics","volume":"302 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}