{"title":"How Your Company’s Credit Rating Will Affect Your Electricity Costs","authors":"Kevin D. Fraser","doi":"10.1092/76NV-FF7V-XU7V-UCJN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1092/76NV-FF7V-XU7V-UCJN","url":null,"abstract":"If you are ready to pass this article by because financial issues are not part of your energy-related property operations concern—please don’t! Every facilities professional with properties taking delivery of electricity in deregulated, or to be deregulated, territories has a direct need to understand and become involved with this issue. Soon, if not already, your company credit rating will have a direct effect on the cost of your electric commodity. And soon, I submit, you will be placed in a position of being forced to deal with this. \u0000In concept the issue is very simple. Without competition there was only one provider possible, and no opportunity existed for a consumer to leave the provider with energy costs in arrears. A property might go many months without paying the bill, but the provider was reasonably safe in that there was no way for the consumer to escape ultimately paying or being cut off. And so, the provider utility was not particularly concerned with the creditworthiness of its consumers (in fact they were, but only behind the scenes). \u0000Now, with open access and alternative providers, it is possible to incur past due charges and switch to a new provider leaving the old provider holding uncollected dollars. The old provider no longer has the option to shut off the power because the property has already switched to a new provider. This old provider was operating in a position of credit risk left over from the ‘old days’ of monopolistic guarantees.","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126624473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are you Throwing Money Away By Following the “2-Year Payback” Rule?: Close the Efficiency Gap: Use Profits to Drive the Capture of Value","authors":"J. Wells, J. S. Hoffman","doi":"10.1080/10668680009508894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10668680009508894","url":null,"abstract":"This article suggests that profitable energy efficiency measures are often foregone due to the internal structure of most American corporations, in which energy functions are managed by cost centers rather than profit centers. This limits access to capital and fosters use of financial decision rules such as the “2-year payback” criterion that lead to suboptimal investment. The authors propose that corporations restructure their operations so that energy functions are managed by profit centers that can implement energy efficiency measures in other business units, realize a profit, and return it to their parent company.","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116986742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study about Profit Maximization: 10 MWe Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Cogen Plant","authors":"P. and","doi":"10.1092/U2HU-PVAW-BR9Y-J1CL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1092/U2HU-PVAW-BR9Y-J1CL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123650253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed Generation/Fuel Cells: DOE Helps Expand Both Technologies and Markets","authors":"M. Williams","doi":"10.1092/DHN4-ML64-B7UG-MWEF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1092/DHN4-ML64-B7UG-MWEF","url":null,"abstract":"The early entry market penetration by ONSI and its phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) technology has proven that fuel cells are reliable and suitable for premium power and other opportunity fuel niche applications. Now, new fuel cell technologies—solid oxide fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells—are being developed for early market entry shortly after 2003. Some of the evolving fuel cell systems are incorporating gas turbines in hybrid configurations. The combination of the gas turbine with the fuel cell promises to lower system costs and increase efficiency to enhance market penetration. Significant early entry markets exist to sustain the initially high cost of some distributed generation technologies. However, distributed generation technologies must have low introductory first cost, low installation cost, and high system reliability to be viable options in competitive commercial and industrial markets. In the long-term, solid state fuel cell technology with stack co...","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117184539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combined cycle/TES plant can save $1,244,474 per year. Proposed cogen system for a 1,100,000-ft{sup 2} medical complex has a payback period of 2.6 years","authors":"M. Meckler","doi":"10.1080/10668683.1997.10530256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10668683.1997.10530256","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a comparative analysis between an innovative proposed, combined heating/cooling cogeneration power plant and a base plant for an approximately 1.1 million ft{sup 2} hospital/office complex to be located in Toledo, Ohio. The complex consists of three buildings: a six-story hospital and two identical 12-story office towers. The comparative analysis between the two plants has shown substantial cost savings for the proposed plant because of reduction in utility and maintenance costs and, therefore, the total annual operating costs of the overall plant. This reduction in operating costs is mainly due to the fact that approximately 95% of the total required annual electrical power is produced on-site by cogeneration, and therefore only 5% of its annual estimated power needs are needed to be purchased from a utility. Reduction in the number of plant operators for the proposed plant has also made sizable contribution to the annual operating cost savings. Although the installed first cost of the proposed plant was higher in comparison, the total operating cost savings of $1,244,474 per year has resulted in a cost-effective simple payback period of 2.6 years for the proposed plant. Additionally, the design of the proposed plant has resulted in a substantially compactmore » central plant (an approximately 29% decrease in physical size) in comparison to the base plant having three separate central plants. The fully dedicated proposed plant contributes to reduced demand charges associated with the time-of-use electrical rates, better operation and maintenance, efficient energy management, higher overall system efficiency, and reduced levels of emissions and noise. With the anticipated nationwide deregulation of the electric utility industry (already underway in 40 states), the proposed plant can offer viable solutions to electric, steam, heating and cooling generation needs for large multi-building complexes.« less","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114369172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Remarkable Project: Combined Cogen/Wastewater/Geothermal System","authors":"P. Kuenzi, Todd Vasey, M. Gowan","doi":"10.1092/AP4L-8LXW-G1J9-YMEU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1092/AP4L-8LXW-G1J9-YMEU","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What does a cogeneration plant, a wastewater treatment plant, a geothermal system and free compost have in common? The answer: the city of Klamath Falls, OR. This creative municipality has brought these elements together to develop one of the most innovative and aggressive environmental mitigation projects in the Northwest and in the nation. The $350 million, 500 megawatt cogen plant is owned by the city and is being built, operated and maintained by PacifiCorp. IMCO General Construction, of Bellingham, WA, is giving the city-owned wastewater plant a major upgrade to supply the critically needed cooling water for the cogen plant. In addition, the City currently runs a geothermal system which provides many government buildings and local businesses heat. Included in this upgrade is extending the geothermal loop to include the WWTP. And the sludge from the wastewater treatment plant is being mixed into compost and then given away to local gardeners and farmers. The City of Klamath has hired IMCO to ...","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132304022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Would PURPA Repeal Affect Cogenerators","authors":"J. Gottlieb","doi":"10.1092/NN6K-PCPR-FW9G-CCCL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1092/NN6K-PCPR-FW9G-CCCL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132494899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Over-the-phone Sales Pitch for a Discount Electric Service (It didnt work)","authors":"L. Hyman","doi":"10.1092/26RK-U7MR-C3CF-QNFX","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1092/26RK-U7MR-C3CF-QNFX","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133111649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cogeneration and Distributed Generation Are Missing! (From President Bushs New Energy Plan)","authors":"R. Gamble","doi":"10.1092/3YUN-UTJC-N9A5-9KDR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1092/3YUN-UTJC-N9A5-9KDR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132440337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Policies and Incentives for Biomass Power to Become a Real Player in the Competitive Electricity Market","authors":"Katherine H. Hamilton Cem","doi":"10.1080/10668680309508993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10668680309508993","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biomass has produced energy for hundreds of years, but only in the last 20 years has the production of electricity become viable. While biomass is plentiful and the benefits many, the industry has not grown at the rate of other, traditional generating sources. We will examine policy barriers renewable energy development has faced, and pose solutions that, in a new competitive market, could level the playing field with traditional generation. This paper reviews the federal policies in existence today, analyzes what several states have done, and discusses legislation that may be signed into law this fall.","PeriodicalId":374324,"journal":{"name":"Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126769278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}