TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices on the Nutritional Status of Children in Northern Bangladesh","authors":"M. Ali, M. K. Das, L. Sharmin, Md. Manirul Islam, Md Rezaul Karim, Md Sanaul Haque Mia, Md. Belal Uddin","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63756","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proper feeding practices are essential for attaining and maintaining optimum nutrition, health, and development of infants and children. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life and continued breastfeeding for two years, together with age-appropriate, nutritionally adequate complementary feeding initiated after six months of age, are optimum Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. However, often many aspects of infant and young child feeding practices are not optimum, with serious consequences for the child. \u0000Objective: To determine the impact of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices on the nutritional status of children.  Materials and Method: This Cross-sectional descriptive type of study was conducted among 314 children from 6 months to 24 months of age at the Pediatric Outpatient Department and EPI center of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2017 to December 2018. Collected data were analyzed by using 'SPSS version 16. \u0000Result: Among 314 children exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate was 68.2% for the first six months, and timely started complementary feeding was 58.5% of cases. In 214 exclusive breastfed infants, only 4.7% and 1.4% of children were moderate to severely wasted and stunted, respectively. On the other hand, among 97 infants who were not exclusively breastfed, the percentage of moderate to severe wasting and stunting was 11.4% and 13.4%, respectively. Among the 175 timely started complementary feeding children, only 12% and 6% were moderate to severely underweight and wasted, respectively, no one was stunted, but among the inappropriately started complementary children, 20.2%, 12.5%, and 12.8% were moderately to severely underweight, wasted and stunted respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Most of the children who were given exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months and started complementary food at an appropriate time after six months had normal nutritional status. Both moderate to severe stunting and wasting were common in those children who were non-exclusively breastfed and started complementary feeding either early or late. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 83-91","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"13 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115711280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Type 2 DM in Rural and Urban Areas in Bangladesh","authors":"A. Jamil, Rahnuma Shirin, Md Azizul Haque, K. Rahman, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman Khan, Mostafizur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63764","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver condition that affects up to one-third of adults in developed nations. NAFLD refers to a group of non-alcoholic diseases that are histologically and clinically distinct. Fatty liver (NAFL, steatosis hepatitis) and steatohepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and rare cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. \u0000Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the medicine department, Rajshahi medical college, Rajshahi, among ninety-one T2DM patients. The study population included outdoor patients as well as hospitalized consecutive 91 patients (50 Urban and 41 Rural) in the medicine department with type 2 DM diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2011 criteria. NAFLD was detected and graded using abdominal ultrasonography and blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, lipid profile, and liver function tests. All data were analyzed by SPSS 16, and p-value <0.05 was assumed as statistically significant in this study. \u0000Results: A total of 91 patients were enrolled during the study. NAFLD prevalence was higher in urban patients (54.54%) than in rural patients (45.45%). Males were affected more than female patients in both groups. Patients in the urban population had higher weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and BMI and were diagnosed with NAFLD at a younger age than those in the rural group. Metabolic syndrome was shown to be prevalent in both groups. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of NAFLD was shown to be greater in the urban population compared to the rural population, with male patients being more impacted than female patients. Although the risk factors for NAFLD were similar in both the study groups, better anthropometric parameters (lower weight), waist circumference, hip circumference, and BMI had a role in reduced prevalence of NAFLD in rural as compared to urban population patients. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 151-158","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116762116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Statistical Overview of Death due to Alcohol Poisoning in the Rajshahi Region","authors":"Md. Kafil Uddin, Zaman Nishat Royhan, Shirin Sumaiya, Md Alvi Sadat, Nibedita Chatterjee","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63760","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The prevalence of death due to alcohol poisoning is increasing at an alarming rate in Bangladesh. However, there is a lack of actual statistics regarding death cases due to alcohol poisoning in the Rajshahi region. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the recent statistical report of death cases due to alcohol poisoning in the Rajshahi region. \u0000Methods: The Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, conducted this statistical study, reporting 29 deaths between January 2019 and September 2021. The data was collected from the documents stored in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. \u0000Results: This study elucidates that the incidence of death due to alcohol poisoning is increasing over time. Ninety-three percent of victims were male. The maximum number of deaths (34.5%) due to alcohol poisoning was found in people between 21 and 30 years old. The maximum number of victims (27.59%) in the profession were students. Around two-thirds of the deceased were married. Only 24% of victims were other than Islam religion. \u0000Conclusion: As the rate of death due to alcohol poisoning increases over time, it might indicate an increasing number of alcohol consumers. Besides, the lack of consciousness is associated with unwanted death. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 119-124","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123299883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Uropathogens and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern by VITEK2 Automated System in the Intensive Care Unit","authors":"F. Zohora, Khandaker Md Faisal Alam, Md. Shahidul Alam, A. Kamal, Md. Ahsanul Haque, Md Mizanur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63719","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indwelling urinary catheters are frequently used in critically ill patients. Approximately 66% of patients in intensive care have a urinary catheter in place. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting all ages. Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest public health challenges of our time. Infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an increasingly complex problem in ICU.  Objective: To identify catheter-associated uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern by VITEK2 automated system in intensive care unit patients in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Material and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Microbiology department of Rajshahi Medical College, the Intensive Care Unit of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, and a commercial laboratory in Rajshahi during the period of January 2021 to December 2021. The specimen (urine) was inoculated in blood agar, nutrient agar, and MacConkey's agar media and incubated aerobically at 37˚C for 24 hours. Bacterial isolations and susceptibility tests were done by VITEK2 automated system. Result: Out of the total 96 samples, culture yielded growth was 36 (37.50%), and culture-negative cases were 60(62.50%). In all age groups, males were predominant, totaling 63 (66.20%). A maximum of 33 cases were found in the age group of 18-30 years where males 23(69.70%) and females 10(30.30%). Among the culture-positive isolates, gram-negative organisms were higher (87.17%) than gram-positive (12.82%). Among 39 isolates, Escherichia coli was the predominant organism of 12(30.76%). Other isolates were Klebsiella spp. 10(25.64%), Pseudomonas spp. 5(12.82%), Acinetobacter spp. 4(10.25%), Enterobacter spp. 2(05.12%), CoNS 3(07.69%) respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility test, gram-negative organisms were highly susceptible to Colistin, followed by Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, and Amikacin. The most effective drugs for Gram-positive were Linezolid. Other susceptible drugs against Gram-positive bacteria were Vancomycin and Tigecycline. Conclusion: Most of the isolated bacteria are multidrug resistant. Determining antimicrobial susceptibility by VITEK2 will aid the physician in choosing appropriate antibiotics and treating multidrug-resistant cases. TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 43-49","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124418690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Lower Uterine Compressive Suture for the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage Due to Placenta Previa During Cesarean Section","authors":"Suravi Sarker, M. K. Das, Al Mirajun Hoque, Sunandita Sarkar, S. Sultana, S. Jesmin, Rokeya Khatun","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63718","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lower uterine compression suture (Cervical-Isthmic apposition suture technique) is a new but effective method to arrest postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The effectiveness of the suture is not only due to local compression of the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus but also related to the indirect compression of the intramyometrial vessels running from the lateral edge of the lower uterine segment to its media part.  Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of uterine compression sutures for the management of PPH due to placenta previa during cesarean section. \u0000Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 45 women who developed severe postpartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa during cesarean section were selected peroperatively or postoperatively as the study case. A lower uterine compression suture was given to all the patients. If the bleeding was not well controlled, then other adjunctive procedures were performed. Patients with a bleeding disorder, type I placenta previa, cases other than placenta previa, and morbid adherents of placenta were excluded from the study. The patients were examined postoperatively and again in 2nd week and 6th week after hospital discharge for evaluation of any complications. Data regarding history, physical findings, and investigation were collected from the patient and the patient's record. \u0000Result: Among the total of 45 cases, PPH was controlled in 88.9%(40) cases with compression sutures in the lower uterine segment, and only 11.1% (5) cases required additional procedures. It was observed that higher age groups, multiparous women, patients with <37 weeks of pregnancy, and previous history of cesarean section were significantly associated with a higher amount of bleeding. \u0000Conclusion: Lower uterine compressive compression suture is an effective and safe method to control PPH due to placenta previa during cesarean section and can preserve the uterus for further pregnancy and menstruation. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 35-41","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"602 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116334353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose and Calcium Profile in Infants of Diabetic and Nondiabetic mothers- A Comparative Study","authors":"Md. Manirul Islam, B. Ahmmad, Md. Rezaul Karim, M. Islam, Md. Belal Uddin, Md Sanaul Hoque","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63757","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is one of the commonest and most important metabolic disorders that affect the health of pregnant women and infants. Diabetic mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders complicating pregnancy. The neonatal mortality rate is over five times that of nondiabetic mothers and is higher irrespective of birth weight and gestational age. There has been significant improvement in the outcome of diabetic pregnancies largely due to better metabolic control before and during pregnancy and vigorous neonatal care in developed countries. The management in our country still poses a major challenge. \u0000Methods: This case-control study was designed to find out the association between an infant's hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia with maternal diabetes. For the research, a total of 300 neonates were selected, where cases were selected from infants of diabetic mothers, and the control group was selected from infants of nondiabetic mothers. The mothers were interviewed by specific questionnaire, selected neonates were examined, and some biochemical tests were done to find out the outcome. \u0000Results: The study included 300 neonates of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. The mean age of the Mothers of these neonates was 25.36 (SD±5.50) years. Among diabetic mothers 115(76%) had GDM and 36(23.8%) had PGDM. It is revealed that 83 (55%) of 150 mothers took insulin as the treatment. Hypoglycemia in neonates of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers right after birth at their first ½ hour of age 111 (37%). Hypoglycemia was found in 94 (62.3%) of infants of the diabetic mother than only 17(11.4%) in infants of the nondiabetic mother. Where the p-value is <0.001, which explains developing hypoglycemia in the infant of a diabetic mother is higher than nondiabetic mother. The number of hypocalcemic infants of the diabetic mother was 34 (22.5%), while hypocalcemic infants of the nondiabetic mother were only 8 (5.4%), which is significantly (p-value <0.001) lower. \u0000Conclusions: Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia in infants were directly associated with the presence of diabetes during pregnancy. In spite of intensive management of maternal diabetes, the infants of diabetic mothers continue to be a high-risk population. Among the pregnancies complicated by diabetes, GDM continues to have a major contribution. Hypoglycemia remains the most common biochemical abnormality, followed by hypocalcemia. Therefore, this pregnancy complication will require increased re- sources to manage appropriate glycemic control during pregnancy and reduce adverse perinatal outcomes. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 93-102","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117287309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glomerulonephritis Following Russell’s Viper Bite – 1st Case Report in Bangladesh","authors":"A. S. M. M. Rahman, M. Rahman, Md. Zahirul Haque, M. Rahman, M. Amin, M. Faiz","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63766","url":null,"abstract":"Russell’s viper bite causing coagulopathy, hypotension, DIC, rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. Nephropathy usually is caused by RV having hemotoxic or myotoxic venom components. Multiple mechanism causes renal pathologic changes including tubular necrosis, cortical necrosis, interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis. But above all glomerulonephritis is very rare. We report a case of Russell’s viper bite who died of renal failure due to focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis admitted int the Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 169-172","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125111702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncompliance to Antihypertensive Medication in Patients with Essential Hypertension attending Dhaka Medical College Hospital","authors":"M. Rashid, M. Haque, Md Shafiqul Islam, M. Parvin, A. Kahhar","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63758","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medication noncompliance is a necessary but neglected factor for the negative cardiovascular outcome. Despite various studies on the issue, the factors behind noncompliance still need to be explored properly. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the magnitude and factors associated with noncompliance with antihypertensive Medication. \u0000Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 200 hypertensive patients in Dhaka Medical College Hospital for six months. Patients were included by purposive sampling, aged 18-70 years, and the duration of diagnosis of at least three months. In addition, demographic data, hypertension diagnosis, antihypertensive drugs, factors related to noncompliance, knowledge of hypertension, perception, and family support were included in the questionnaire. \u0000Result: About 85% of the patients were non-compliant with treatment in their course of illness, and the main reason behind it was forgetfulness (48.2%). Other factors were inability to buy, side effects, busy schedule, intentionally, bored, and traveling. The highest prescribed drug was beta blockers (41%). Eighty percent of the patients knew that uncontrolled hypertension could lead to stroke, and 54% knew it could lead to heart disease. The majority (87.5%) of the participant went for follow-up only when they felt hypertensive.  Regarding perception, 63% of patients felt hypertension is not a curable disease. Furthermore, though all patients were asked for follow-up by their physician, 94% missed their follow-up. \u0000Conclusion: Despite the availability of various types of effective antihypertensive drugs, many patients experience difficulty controlling hypertension due to noncompliance. Patient and family member education efficiently prevented many factors behind the disobedience. However, further studies with large sample sizes in multiple centers could explain this more precisely. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 103-110","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121883436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill on Serum Bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase","authors":"Shamima Nazneen Rupa, Bedowra Begum, Sayeeda Sultana Jolly, F. Kabir, Shahnaz Akhter, Z. Khan, Manik Chandra Nath","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i2.63762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i2.63762","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Combined oral contraceptive is the most known and popular method of contraception. The combined oral contraceptive pill was the first oral contraceptive method and was commercially marketed in 1960. Earlier investigators reported that early oral contraceptive pills had many side effects. Despite the modifications on early OCPs in terms of content and dosage to lessen their side effects, newer contraceptives still have some hepatotoxic effects.  Aim and Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low-dose OCP on S. bilirubin and ALP- one of the most important liver enzymes. \u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 184 healthy women aged 20-45. Among them, 92 women were OCP users, and 92 were nonusers. BMI-matched non-OCP users women were recruited in the study for comparison of S. bilirubin and ALP. A systematic sampling technique was applied to select each respondent. Data collection was commenced after obtaining ethical clearance from the Ethical Committee and informed consent from the respondents. \u0000Results: The Results showed a significant decrease in serum Alkaline phosphatase among OCP users (p=0.001), but the ALP level was progressively increased with increased duration of OCP use. Serum bilirubin level was within the normal range, but the levels were slightly higher in OCP users but in. OCP users' serum bilirubin levels did not significantly increase with the duration of OCP use (P > 0.05). In summary, OCP users' women are associated with a decreased level of serum Alkaline phosphatase and a slightly increased level of serum bilirubin. \u0000Conclusion: So regular monitoring of S. bilirubin and ALP should be done among OCP users women to avoid many unwanted complications. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 133-141","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121705273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase-producing WHO-declared Deadliest Drug-resistant Bacteria in the Rajshahi Region","authors":"Md. Ahsanul Haque, Md. Shahidul Alam, F. Kabir, Rozina Aktar Zahan, Md Mottalib Hossain Khan, M. Parvez","doi":"10.3329/taj.v35i1.61161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i1.61161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carbapenem resistance is a major and ongoing public health problem globally and locally. It occurs mainly among Gram-negative pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Most of the carbapenemase-producing bacteria are multidrug resistant, including 3rd generation of cephalosporin and carbapenems. It may be intrinsic or mediated by transferable carbapenemase-encoding genes. This type of resistance gene is already widespread in certain parts of the world, mainly Europe, Asia, and South America.  Objective: To isolate and identify WHO-declared carbapenemase-producing deadliest drug resistance bacteria with their antibiogram in the Rajshahi region. \u0000Materials Method: Cross sectional descriptive study was done from July 2017 to June 2018. Wound swab was collected in different surgical and burn units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. The specimens were inoculated in blood agar, nutrient agar, and MacConkey's agar media and incubated aerobically at 370 C for 24 hours. Susceptibility tests of the bacterial isolates were done by using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar media. Carbapenemase-producing bacteria were identified by using the modified Hodge test. \u0000Results: Out of the total 250 samples, culture yielded growth in 213(85.2%) cases, and 37(14.8%) yielded no increase. Females were predominant 146(58.4%) in comparison to males 104(41.6%), with a male-female ratio of 1: 1.4. A maximum of 47.2% of cases were between 19-30 years old. Among the culture-positive isolates, gram-negative organisms were higher (58.8%) than gram-positive (41.2%). S. aureus was the predominant organism 71(30.8%), followed by P. aeruginosa 47(20.3%), E.coli 43(18.7%), and Acinetobacter baumannii 07 (3%). Among seven isolated Acinetobacter baumannii, 47 isolated P. aeruginosa, and 82 isolated Enterobacteriaceae: 6(85.7%), 33(70.2%), and 53(64.6%) were MDR; and 4(57.1%), 12(25.5%) and 14(17%) were carbapenemase-producers respectively. \u0000Conclusion:  Most of the isolated carbapenemase-producing bacteria are multidrug resistant, and they tend to cause complicated infections. In addition, the expression of specific virulent factors, difficulty in diagnosis, and the non-availability of newer generation antibiotics make them one of the deadliest bacteria. \u0000TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 91-98","PeriodicalId":373921,"journal":{"name":"TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124873891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}