Prehled Vyzkumu最新文献

Kamenné sekeromlaty v kontextu objektů ze starší doby bronzové na Moravě 摩拉维亚青铜时代物体背景下的石斧

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-09

J. Peška, Pavel Fojtík

{"title":"Kamenné sekeromlaty v kontextu objektů ze starší doby bronzové na Moravě","authors":"J. Peška, Pavel Fojtík","doi":"10.47382/pv0641-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47382/pv0641-09","url":null,"abstract":"Finds of stone hammer-axes are relatively uncommon in the context of the Early Bronze Age, not just in Moravia. They are more frequently encountered in the funeral environment while their occurrence in settlement contexts can be described as exceptional. The two newly presented boat-shaped doubleedged hammer-axes originate from both a settlement site (Držovice, ‘Díly odvrahoviční’) and a grave (Olomouc-Slavonín, ‘Horní lán’) of the Únětice culture in central Moravia. What had been a common and significant male attribute in graves of the Corded Ware culture (and partially in the EpiCorded complex) became a rarity during the Early Bronze Age. This was especially in the milieu of the Únětice culture, as the stone industry gradually gave way to the metal industry. Finding analogies to the custom of depositing a stone hammer axe in settlement pits or graves as an offering is not uncommon in Moravia, Bohemia and the neighbouring regions. This is usually the heritage of the Corded Ware culture and it remains speculative whether these were clearly secondarily used objects (archaics) or contemporary imitations of earlier models. Both of the recently found hammer-axes differ from those of the Corded Ware culture, raising questions about Únětice’s own production, as local materials (siltstone, sandstone) were used in their making. The\u0000archaeological assemblage from the Držovice settlement is dated to the earlier period and the inhumation grave from Olomouc-Slavonín to the classical period of the Únětice culture. The practical function and the symbolic role of these artefacts are not yet precisely understood. Their finds are not abundant, but they come from diverse archaeological contexts, ranging from common settlement pits to modestly equipped graves and even rich male burials.","PeriodicalId":37390,"journal":{"name":"Prehled Vyzkumu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48018552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The social meaning of multiple burials in the Corded Ware culture 绳器文化中多重墓葬的社会意义

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-08

J. Turek

{"title":"The social meaning of multiple burials in the Corded Ware culture","authors":"J. Turek","doi":"10.47382/pv0641-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47382/pv0641-08","url":null,"abstract":"Although multiple burial contexts are uncommon, they are a typical feature of Corded Ware funerary behaviour. This paper focuses on various aspects of Corded Ware multiple burials in Bohemia and the adjacent regions of Central Europe. Particular attention is given to the occurrence of burials in the antipode position and the age, gender and possible familial relationship of the individuals in such graves. A unique example of multiple burials is the biritual Grave 1/95 in Slaný (Kladno District) in Bohemia, which contained a minimum of seven individuals (men, women and children), four of which\u0000were cremated. Despite the exceptional use of the cremation method of burial, the Slaný grave fits the well-defined collective type of Corded Ware burials usually known from Bohemia, such as in Třebusice (Kladno District); Bylany (Kolín District); Chrášťany (Prague-west District). Similar, but not identical collective burials are known from Obrnice (Most District) and Určice (Prostějov District) in Moravia and Święte, site 20 (Grave 43) in\u0000Little Poland. Similar examples are also known from Saxony-Anhalt in the case of the Eulau collective burial. It appears these communal burials represent a particular variety of funerary practices (ritual) rather than evidence of a specific event. New archaeogenetic data may shed more light on the questions of whether these burials represent a nuclear family, what can we learn about the familial ties and the meaning of a collective funerary event. Some cases (Eulau) presume the multiple burials as a result of a violent occurrence (conflict or sacrifice) while others may be the result of disease or the special status of particular members of the community.","PeriodicalId":37390,"journal":{"name":"Prehled Vyzkumu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70826455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Senorady/Mohelno – „Boleniska“: Strategická poloha v krajině s palimpsestem pravěkého osídlení Senorady/Mohelno–“Boleniska”：史前定居点的战略位置

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-10

Klára Augustinová, Jaroslav Bartík, P. Škrdla, Peter Milo, Matěj Kmošek, A. Přichystal, J. Novák, Petr Knotek, Tereza Rychtaříková, Jiří Brenner

{"title":"Senorady/Mohelno – „Boleniska“: Strategická poloha v krajině s palimpsestem pravěkého osídlení","authors":"Klára Augustinová, Jaroslav Bartík, P. Škrdla, Peter Milo, Matěj Kmošek, A. Přichystal, J. Novák, Petr Knotek, Tereza Rychtaříková, Jiří Brenner","doi":"10.47382/pv0641-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47382/pv0641-10","url":null,"abstract":"The landscapes of the Mohelno settlement microregion are mostly gently undulating, but also dissected by two deeply incised river valleys – the Oslava River valley in the north and the Jihlava River valley in the south. The western boundary is formed by Zelený kopec (491 m above sea level, while the eastern boundary is marked by Biskoupský kopec (397.3 m above sea level) and Vodanský kopec (397.5 m above sea level). This microregion was settled at different intensities during the whole duration of prehistory. The ‘Boleniska’ elevation is located in the central part of the microregion and forms a strategic point – the entire microregion is visible from this elevation. This elevation comprise of an occupational palimpsest with intensive occupation during three different periods: at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic (probably more than one techno-complex), the Late Neolithic (Lengyel culture) and at the end of the Eneolithic period (Bell Beaker culture). There is a high density of sites in this microregion from all three periods of interest. A similar settlement pattern (similar topography and cultural sequences) is\u0000known from other Moravian microregions. A preliminary testing of the site’s spatial distribution and a visibility analysis support the hypothesis indicating Mohelno – ‘Boleniska’ as a central site within the entire microregion only in the Paleolithic. The number of similar palimpsests composed of Paleolithic, Neolithic and Eneolithic sites is low within the entire microregion and the interpretation of this phenomenon must also take into consideration climatic factors, subsistence strategies, and socio-economic conditions in future research.","PeriodicalId":37390,"journal":{"name":"Prehled Vyzkumu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70826551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Petroarchaeological investigation of three nephrite axes from Moravia and Czech Silesia 摩拉维亚和捷克西里西亚三个软玉轴的岩石考古研究

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-07

A. Přichystal, Petr Rataj, D. Všianský

引用次数: 0

Nová lokalita jevišovické kultury u Sedlešovic v kontextu mladoeneolitického osídlení Znojemska Sedlešovice附近的jevišoviche文化的新地点，在年轻的新石器时代Znojmo定居点的背景下

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-06

David Rožnovský, Tereza Pavelková

引用次数: 0

Miscellanea jordanovské štípané kamenné industrie z Čech 杂记来自捷克共和国的约旦劈石工业

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-05

Jan Eigner, Vladimír Slunečko

引用次数: 0

Child archer-warrior and his ‘toys’ from the Bell Beaker cemetery in Popůvky 儿童弓箭手和他的“玩具”从贝尔烧杯墓地Popůvky

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-04

Alžběta Bedáňová

{"title":"Child archer-warrior and his ‘toys’ from the Bell Beaker cemetery in Popůvky","authors":"Alžběta Bedáňová","doi":"10.47382/pv0641-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47382/pv0641-04","url":null,"abstract":"In Central Europe, the Bell Beaker phenomenon is inextricably linked to finds\u0000of archery tools equipment and with the first abundant occurrence of copper\u0000artefacts. Archery attributes and copper artefacts (mainly daggers and ornaments) are found in the wide area of Bell Beaker distribution, which enables a wide range of researchers to share and connect knowledge about these finds. These artefacts are mostly found in the graves of adult males (exceptionally females) and are referred to as symbols of belonging to archerwarriors, i.e. a group with special and significant status. Sometimes these artefacts also appear in children’s graves. However, children especially very young ones) could not perform the full role of archers and/or warriors, so we interpret the presence of archery equipment and daggers as a symbol of unspecified inheritance. One such child’s grave was also discovered during the recent excavation of the Bell Beaker burial ground in Popůvky near Brno, Czech Republic. In the presented paper, this grave is presented in connection with the hitherto rather neglected issue of the position of children at the end of the Moravian Eneolithic period. Also, potential relations with other deceased individuals at Popůvky cemetery will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":37390,"journal":{"name":"Prehled Vyzkumu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70826408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sídliště únětické kultury na katastru obce Rybníky na Znojemsku 在Znojmo Rybníky村的地籍上安置ÚnŞtice文化

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-02

Stanislav Stuchlík

引用次数: 0

Výrobky z tvrdých živočišných materiálů ve starší době bronzové na jižní Moravě 南摩拉维亚青铜时代早期硬质动物材料制成的产品

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-01

David Hons

{"title":"Výrobky z tvrdých živočišných materiálů ve starší době bronzové na jižní Moravě","authors":"David Hons","doi":"10.47382/pv0641-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47382/pv0641-01","url":null,"abstract":"The presented article focuses on Early Bronze Age artefacts made from hard\u0000animal materials found in the south Moravia region. This topic tends to be\u0000neglected in the literature, as these artefacts are not as numerous as ceramics\u0000or bronze objects. However, their study can bring important knowledge. Open\u0000rural settlements of the Early Bronze Age are compared. Two sites are dated\u0000to the Únětice culture, the third to the Věteřov group. Processed assemblages are the largest known collections of artefacts from the period in south Moravia. The main aim of the thesis is a detailed analysis of the assemblages, which consist mainly of objects assembled from bones and antlers; the use of other raw materials is rare. The article compares the production of artefacts between the earlier Únětice and later Věteřov phases. It briefly addresses the find circumstances and contexts of individual artefacts. The analytical part includes an osteological determination of raw materials used for the production of artefacts. It focuses on a morphological and typological description of\u0000objects based on new descriptive standards in an effort to revise previously used subjective terms such as awl. The third part of the analysis is devoted to a study of use-wear marks created in the production and use of individual artefacts or their archaeologisation. The discussion addresses the possibilities of interpreting and identifying the function of individual objects on the basis of the above analyses.","PeriodicalId":37390,"journal":{"name":"Prehled Vyzkumu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48253763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silicitový hrot šípu z Bystrého na východnom Slovensku 斯洛伐克东部Bystré的硅箭头帽

Prehled Vyzkumu Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.47382/pv0641-03

Ľ. Kaminská, J. Jusko

引用次数: 0