{"title":"Wi-Fi QoS Enhancements for Downlink Operations in Industrial Automation Using TSN","authors":"E. Genc, F. D. Carpio","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757992","url":null,"abstract":"Communication technologies on the industrial automation domain are in constant evolution. Demanding industrial automation applications require real-time communication with high-reliability, determinism, redundancy, synchronization, and low-latency. A technology meeting these requirements is the Ethernet-based Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN).A wireless complement to TSN would enable mobility, ease of installation and quick deployment to industrial networks. This paper investigates Wi-Fi for this purpose. The study is focused on improving the Quality of Service of Wi-Fi for downlink with MAC layer modifications while analyzing the jitter and delay performance of the network. Simulation results show that a new access category for time-critical traffic improves the performance and creates an opportunity to use TSN and Wi-Fi technologies for several industrial automation use cases.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114759420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy-balancing routing algorithm for WirelessHART","authors":"Xiaoxiao Han, Xiangyu Ma, Deji Chen","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758030","url":null,"abstract":"Since its release in 2007 by the HART Communication Foundation, WirelessHART plays an important role in industrial process control and monitoring. Many industrial devices are battery-powered and it is hard to replace batteries in harsh environments, hence wireless networks that achieve long network lifetimes are demanded in many industrial settings. The lifetime of a WirelessHART network is negatively affected by the uneven premature energy depletion of individual nodes, so a good network manager should route packages in a way such that the nodes in the network depletes energy at an even pace. This paper presents an energy-balancing routing algorithm based on energy consumption (EBREC). Based on the BFS hierarchical algorithm, the EBREC algorithm first constructs the hierarchical network topology, then collects the energy consumption for each node and generates its primary path and redundant path. The simulation results show that the EBREC algorithm balances the energy consumption of nodes in a WirelessHART network and prolongs the lifetime of the network.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"709 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117112769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel MIMO-UWB based RTS/CTS Collaboration with Scalable Rate Prediction for Industrial WSNs","authors":"Williams-Paul Nwadiugwu, Dong-Seong Kim","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758032","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel real-timed request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) collaboration with scalable rate-prediction (RCC-RP) scheme, using multiple-input-multiple-output ultrawideband (MIMO-UWB) and capable of selecting the transmission rate with the prediction of consequent signal-to-noise (SNR) of data frames to transmit, in the event of a poor channel condition for an industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) is proposed. Simulation results show that the RTS/CTS collaboration’s overhead and its consequent frame collision issues are minimized since RCC-RP implements an optimal RTS/CTS frame collaborations with-respect-to the contending station numbers and current data frame’s transmission rates as compared to other rate prediction schemes.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132066616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Characterization of Latency in Distributed IoT Systems with Cloud Fog Offloading","authors":"Tania Taami, Silvia Krug, M. O’nils","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757960","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) enables users to gather and analyze data from a large number of devices. Knowledge obtained by these systems is valuable in order to understand, control, and enhance the monitored process. The mass of information to process leads however to new challenges related to required resources for both data processing and data transportation. Two critical metrics are latency and consumed energy to complete a given task. Both metrics might be exceed if all processing is done locally at the sensor device level. Cloud and Fog computing concepts can help to mitigate this effect. However, using such offloading concepts add complexity and overhead to the system. In this paper, we study the latency for processing and communication tasks in a distributed IoT systems with respect to cloud or fog offloading and derive characteristic cost functions for the studied tasks. Our results give valuable insights into the tradeoffs and constraint within our example scenario. The developed characterization methodology can however be applied to any kind of IoT system and thus allowing more general analysis.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122487898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federico Bonafini, A. Depari, P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, M. Pasetti, S. Rinaldi, E. Sisinni, M. Gidlund
{"title":"Exploiting localization systems for LoRaWAN transmission scheduling in industrial applications","authors":"Federico Bonafini, A. Depari, P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, M. Pasetti, S. Rinaldi, E. Sisinni, M. Gidlund","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757999","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm contaminated the industrial world. Wireless communications seem to be particularly attracting, especially when complement indoor and outdoor Real Time Location Systems (RTLS) for geo-referencing smart objects (e.g. for asset tracking). In this paper, the LoRaWAN solution is considered for long range transmission of RTLS data (LoRaWAN is an example of Low Power Wide Area Network). Given that the RTLSs use time synchronization, this work proposes to opportunistically obtain LoRaWAN Class A node time synchronization using the RTLS ranging devices. Once a common sense of time is shared in the LoRaWAN network, more efficient scheduled medium access strategies can be implemented. The experimental testbed, based on commercially available solutions, demonstrates the affordability and feasibility of the proposed approach. When low-cost GPS (outdoor) and UWB (indoor) ranging devices are considered, synchronization error of few microseconds can be easily obtained. The experimental results show the that time reference pulses disciplined by GPS have a maximum jitter of 180 ns and a standard deviation of 40 ns whereas, if time reference pulses disciplined by UWB are considered, the maximum jitter is 3.3 μs and the standard deviation is 0.7 μs.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117086914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal retransmission allocation for EDF-based networked real-time applications","authors":"G. Cena, S. Scanzio, L. Seno, A. Valenzano","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758018","url":null,"abstract":"Medium access control mechanisms where data transmissions are driven according to their deadlines have proven to offer interesting performance in networked real-time applications. In case of lossy networks, allocating a budget of the available bandwidth, through worst-case schedulability analysis, to retransmission of failed data, permits to combine timeliness and reliability, as typically required by these applications. This paper tackles the problem of allocating retransmissions to a set of time-critical data so as to maximize some meaningful reward function while meeting the imposed deadlines. Few methods are proposed and evaluated, which are based on theoretical analysis, integer linear programming, and solution space exploration.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130936040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of comprehensive function models in the management of heterogeneous industrial networks","authors":"Santiago Soler Perez Olaya, M. Wollschlaeger","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758047","url":null,"abstract":"The current trends in industry require more interconnectivity, interoperability and flexibility to adapt to continuous optimization of the production processes. In this landscape, industrial evolution prompts the need for a management concept capable of dealing with the heterogeneity. In the future with the incoming Industrial Internet of Things and other disruptive approaches, this demand will grow dramatically. The comprehensive function models for the management of heterogeneous industrial networks represent a domain specific abstraction. This abstraction enables the development of holistic management approaches that can deal with the heterogeneity in the management plane. In this way, they offer a solution for the future problems of the management of industrial networks regarding of the enhancement needed to perform the new trends driven by the Factories of the Future and the “Industrie 4.0”.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"46 25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121027025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ribeiro, Liudas Duoba, R. Prior, S. Crisóstomo, L. Almeida
{"title":"Real-Time Wireless Data Plane for Real-Time-Enabled SDN","authors":"P. Ribeiro, Liudas Duoba, R. Prior, S. Crisóstomo, L. Almeida","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757951","url":null,"abstract":"Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm for engineering industrial systems, relying on Information and Communication Technologies to support dynamic operation, interoperability and heterogeneity across the whole industrial architecture. In turn, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a well-suited paradigm for dynamic communications management, being the Open- Flow protocol its most common implementation. Recently, the METRICS project addressed extending OpenFlow with real-time reservations (RTOF), filling a gap that limited SDN use in industry. However, until now RTOF was supported on real-time Ethernet data planes, only. Following the growing interest on wireless communication within Industry 4.0, this work-in-progress paper presents a real-time data plane for RTOF, building on IEEE 802.11e Quality-of-Service features and on Linux TC reservations capacity. We present the data plane architecture and preliminary experiments that show encouraging results.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116463247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DeP-D: A Decentralized Primal-Dual Optimization Algorithm for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Hossam M. Farag, M. Gidlund, Patrik Österberg","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8757934","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) are emerged as flexible and cost-efficient alternatives to the traditional wired networks in various monitoring and control applications within the industrial domain. Low delay is a key feature of delay-sensitive applications as the data is typically valid for a short interval of time. If data arrives too late it is of limited use which may lead to performance drops or even system outages which can create significant economical losses. In this paper, we propose a decentralized optimization algorithm to minimize the End-to-End (E2E) delay of multi-hop IWSNs. Firstly, we formulate the optimization problem by considering the objective function as the network delay where the constraint is the stability criteria based on the total arrival rate and the total service rate. The objective function is proved to be strictly convex for the entire network, then a Decentralized Primal-Dual (DeP-D) algorithm is proposed based on the sub-gradient method to solve the formulated optimization problem. The performance of the proposed DeP-D is evaluated through simulations and compared with WirelessHART network and the results show that the proposed DeP-D can achieve at least 40% reduction in the average E2E delay.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130230198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bio-Inspired Cooperative Localization in Industrial Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"P. T. Daely, Dong-Seong Kim","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2019.8758004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose the application of a hybrid bio-inspired optimization algorithm as a localization algorithm for industrial wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed algorithm combines Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to gain small computational time and high accuracy. Previous works have shown that bio-inspired algorithms demonstrate potential in facilitating accurate and efficient localization. We present the scenario of cooperative localization, where unknown nodes will request for assistance from neighboring anchor nodes and unknown nodes that have already obtain their location. The proposed algorithm is compared with PSO and DA in a sensor network with a mesh topology. The results show that the proposed algorithm fares better than the other algorithms when considering both localization error and computation time.","PeriodicalId":373657,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"64 s90","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120839331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}