INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW最新文献

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LEARNING BASED ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING STRATEGY COMMUNICATION IN FACING INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA 4.0 面向工业革命4.0时代的信息技术学习与学习策略沟通
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8849
Warih Bimayu, Nopriadi Nopriadi
{"title":"LEARNING BASED ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING STRATEGY COMMUNICATION IN FACING INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA 4.0","authors":"Warih Bimayu, Nopriadi Nopriadi","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8849","url":null,"abstract":"The educational world in Indonesia experiences a phenomenon in the face of the era of industrial revolution 4.0, this can have a significant impact on the world of education. Many scientists, experts, organizations, educational institutions, universities make strategies in facing the era of industrial revolution 4.0. One of them conducted by the Federation of Information and Communication Technology Teachers) held a workshop in Jakarta, 6-7 October 2018 themed \"Dynamics of ICT / Informatics Learning Policies in the Age of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Increased Competence of ICT/Informatics Teachers on 21st Century Learning\". This study aims to determine the ICT-based learning strategies applied at Public Senior Scondary School 1 Sungai Rotan in the face of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. Sources of data obtained by researchers from teachers as the object of research at Public Senior Scondary School 1 Sungai Rotan and obtained from the latest information in the world of education related to the era of industrial revolution 4.0. The data of this study were collected using the method of documentation and direct interviews with subject teachers. The findings of the data obtained were then analyzed by researchers that at Public Senior Scondary School 1 Sungai Rotan had a reliable strategy in facing the era of industrial revolution 4.0 because it was proven in every learning that all teachers had applied ICT-based learning, the use of laptops (computers) and the internet was the wrong one that should not be ignored which is integrated in the curriculum.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123725412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
IMPACT OF AN INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC MORAL VALUES INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MORAL CHARACTER 综合科学道德价值观教学方法对小学生道德品质提升的影响
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8842
Sri Saparahayuningsih
{"title":"IMPACT OF AN INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC MORAL VALUES INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MORAL CHARACTER","authors":"Sri Saparahayuningsih","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8842","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to know the impact of the implementation of an integrated moral-values instructional approach on the development of the elementary school students' moral character. The research was conducted in the form of a test-retest experiment. The results of this research showed that the implementation of the integrated scientific moral-values instructional approach on an instructional process of social studies is able to increase 67% of the improvement the moral- characters compared to the implementation scientific approach contained in the content of social studies to the student intact. The instructional approach is very effective to develop students’ moral-characters.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130296240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MOTIVATION, LEARNING ACTIVITY, AND LEARNING OUTCOMES OF GRADE V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 小学五年级学生学习动机、学习活动与学习成果
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8844
Yogi Alfian
{"title":"MOTIVATION, LEARNING ACTIVITY, AND LEARNING OUTCOMES OF GRADE V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL","authors":"Yogi Alfian","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8844","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ice breaking on learning motivation, active learning and learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary students, Bengkulu City. Non-Equivalent Control Group Design in the form of the quasi-experimental method was used in this study. The type of research is quantitative descriptive. The population were the public elementary students in Bengkulu City, while the sample of this study were two classes, those were VA and V B. Data collection techniques in this study were questionnaires and tests. Based on the description of the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that (1). There is an influence of ice breaking on the learning motivation of fifth-grade students of public elementary school 56 Bengkulu City. This is shown in the t-test that the value of t-test of 5.00> t table value at a significant level of 5% is 2.01 (2). There is an influence of ice breaking on the learning activeness of fifth-grade students of public elementary school 56 Bengkulu City. This is shown in the t-test that the value of t-test is 5.04> t table value at the 5% significance level of 2.01. (3). There is a significant effect of ice breaking on student learning outcomes on cognitive aspects of fifth-grade students of public elementary school 56 Bengkulu City. This is indicated by the calculation of the t-test that the value of t testis 2.71> the value of t table at a significant level of 5% of 2.03.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TEACHERS’ STAGE OF CONCERN IN IMPLEMENTING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM INNOVATION 小学课程创新实施中教师关注的阶段
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8843
W. Wachidi
{"title":"TEACHERS’ STAGE OF CONCERN IN IMPLEMENTING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM INNOVATION","authors":"W. Wachidi","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8843","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to describe of teacher’ stages of concern in applicating curriculum innovation. The approach used in this study was a descriptive study. The number of population of this study were 500 primary school teachers. Meanwhile, the research sample were 50 teachers. A random sampling technique in the form of the lottery was used to get samples. Data were collected, classified, processed and analyzed by using the norms of the group in the calculation of percentile. The findings of this study were 42 % of teachers in a stage of concern called at the stage of awareness, 0 % of teachers have a stage of concern at the stage of I stage of information; 18 % of teachers have a stage of concern at the stage of personnel;10 % of teachers have a stage of concern at the stage of management); 16 % of teachers have a stage of concern at the stage of consequence; 6 % of teachers have a stage of concern at the stage of collaboration; and 12 % of teachers have a stage of concern at the stage of refocusing. The overall respondents have an average score of 2.06 (two point zero six). This means that their stage of concern for the implementation of the curriculum innovation is still low. They experience uncertainty in making decisions to adopt it. It was caused by (a) the lack of understanding of primary school teachers on information received, (b) lack of examples and evidence of the benefits of accepted curriculum innovation in school practices, (c) lack of training by trainers in applying new curriculum, (d) so complex in evaluating and (e) the curriculum is continuously changing.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131043632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
TEACHERS’ OBSTACLES IN UTILIZING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 教师利用信息通信技术的障碍
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8846
M. Kristiawan, M. Muhaimin
{"title":"TEACHERS’ OBSTACLES IN UTILIZING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY","authors":"M. Kristiawan, M. Muhaimin","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8846","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to study teacher barriers to utilizing information and communication media (ICT) for learning media. This research was carried out at Public Elementary School 24 Pulau Rimau located in Karang Manunggal village, Pulau Rimau sub-district, Banyuasin district. The subjects of this study were teachers at Public Elementary School 24 Pulau Rimau who tested 16 people. In conducting this research, data from certain sources are needed that are as expected in this study. The technique of collecting data is by observation and interview. Data were analyzed using percentages to see the percentage of respondents' answers. Furthermore, all data is processed by analyzing qualitative data, namely data reduction, data display, and data verification. The formulation of the problem in this study is what forms are questioned by the teacher in utilizing technology-based media in Public Elementary School 24 Pulau Rimau ? From the results of research on teacher barriers to using Information Technology (ICT) in Public Elementary School 24 Pulau Rimau, two aspects related to the ability of teachers and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) were inadequate. The obstacle of the teacher's ability to master ICT is that the teacher is not proficient in using computers, judging from the percentage of teacher answers, 75% say they are not proficient in using technology-based media, whereas using computers is one of the activities that support computer-based media. In addition, teachers do not have an advanced educational background in the use of ICT media. Another obstacle in terms of facilities, in Public Elementary School 24 Pulau Rimau there is no electricity network (PLN). In addition to not having a PLN, there is also the unavailability of computer facilities and laptops at the Public Elementary School 24 Pulau Rimau.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121802390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
SUSTAINING INTERACTION THROUGH GROUP WORK IN ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM 在英语外语课堂上通过小组活动保持互动
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8847
Tahrun Tahrun
{"title":"SUSTAINING INTERACTION THROUGH GROUP WORK IN ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM","authors":"Tahrun Tahrun","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8847","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of teaching and learning English as a foreign language in Indonesia is to enable the learners to use English for communication in various contexts. To promote communication in teaching and learning activities, the teachers should be able to initiate interaction. To initiate interaction, the teachers may use questions, by which the teachers should consider the appropriate types of question that match with the students. In addition, the teachers should be able to maintain or sustain the interaction in their teaching and learning context. One of the activities which are effective to sustain interaction in the process of teaching and learning is group work. By using group work, the learners are encouraged to interact in English communicatively. Besides, this method increases students' motivation in learning. This is as the effect of learning climate which offers freedom for the students to express their ideas, feeling or criticism freely in front of their group's members.  In addition, group work promotes students' learning responsibility and autonomy. Each member of the groups must be responsible to achieve their common goal. Considering those ideas, group work can be one of the effective methods to sustain interaction in the EFL classroom.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"11 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120862433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
UTILIZATION OF EDMODO AS PART OF OPTIMIZATION LEARNING IN NETWORK 利用edmodo作为网络优化学习的一部分
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8848
Turmini Turmini, N. Nurhayati, Happy Fitria
{"title":"UTILIZATION OF EDMODO AS PART OF OPTIMIZATION LEARNING IN NETWORK","authors":"Turmini Turmini, N. Nurhayati, Happy Fitria","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8848","url":null,"abstract":"Edmodo is a form of learning application used by academics in order to carry out online learning. This research was conducted with the aim of informing more widely about Edmodo and describing how to use it to be able to optimize online learning. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a type of literature study. The results of the research conducted are that Edmodo has provided complete facilities in the context of implementing virtual learning. Intended as virtual learning because the learning process is carried out in the network. Educators (teachers / lecturers) have breadth in the implementation of classroom management because students can be made classes as classes in conventional learning. Educators can optimize the dissemination of information as well as in applications that have provided many features to make tests with various types of tests offered, educators can also provide assignments with predetermined collection times so as to optimize classroom management, educators can provide a direct assessment of the assignments students, giving awards with various types of awards. The advantage of using Edmodo is that there is no limit on space and time in learning because at any time it can take part in learning, it does not depend on the presence of educators in front of the class because wherever educators can still provide optimal learning.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125406002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE ON LOCAL GAMES AS A BASIS TO DEVELOP ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXTBOOK 识别学生对地方游戏的认识,以此为基础编写小学科学教材
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/IJER.V1I2.8836
R. Riyanto, Diyah Aryulina, S. Suwarsono
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE ON LOCAL GAMES AS A BASIS TO DEVELOP ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXTBOOK","authors":"R. Riyanto, Diyah Aryulina, S. Suwarsono","doi":"10.33369/IJER.V1I2.8836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/IJER.V1I2.8836","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify student knowledge on local games as a basis to develop science elementary school science textbook containing life skills and local games. Descriptive method with questionnaire as an instrument was used to conduct the study on 2160 elementary school students in Bengkulu Province. The results of the study showed that students’ knowledge related to local games was generally categorized as fair. Student knowledge related to knowledge on traditional games was quite various. Based on the study, the local games to be included in the development of elementary school science textbook were reviewed again. Local games known by most students are used as a basis to begin each chapter or subchapter of the textbook, whereas learning sources known by more than 80% students were implemented as chapter themes.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129269625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AS MEDIA INNOVATION AND SOURCES OF LEARNING IN SCHOOL 信息和通信技术作为媒介创新和学校学习的来源
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8845
Dwi Amelia Galuh Primasari, S. Suparmanto, M. Imansyah
{"title":"INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AS MEDIA INNOVATION AND SOURCES OF LEARNING IN SCHOOL","authors":"Dwi Amelia Galuh Primasari, S. Suparmanto, M. Imansyah","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8845","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the development of information and communication technology encourages innovation in learning activities. This study aims to describe the use of ICT as a medium and source of learning in schools. The research was conducted in 3 locations, namely Public Elementary School 2 Gelumbang and Public Elementary School 29 Gelumbang, Gelumbang District, and Senior Scondary School 1 Sungai Rotan, Sungai Rotan District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach, with observation techniques, and interviews. The results of the study concluded: (1) the teacher invites students to use ICT facilities in schools in learning activities; (2) the use of ICT-based resources and learning media in schools, among others, using computers, laptops, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), smartphones, internet networks, and Microsoft office applications; (3) to improve teacher competence in utilizing ICT, teachers need to continue to familiarize themselves. Besides that, there should be a solution to the barriers to the use of ICTs, including conducting training through teacher working group activities (TWG), in order to support the improvement of teachers' abilities and knowledge in the ICT field.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127123213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS’ STAGE OF CONCERN ON EVALUATION SYSTEM OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM INNOVATION 小学课程创新评价体系中教师关注阶段的影响因素
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8835
Badeni Badeni
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS’ STAGE OF CONCERN ON EVALUATION SYSTEM OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM INNOVATION","authors":"Badeni Badeni","doi":"10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v1i2.8835","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to describe the teachers’ stage of concern for the evaluation of primary school innovation and factors affecting teachers’ stage of concern. The approach used in this study was a descriptive study. Data related to factors affecting teachers' stage of concern to the evaluation of primary school curriculum innovation were collected in the form of forum discussion and study of related literature. While data on teacher's stage of concern itself to the evaluation system of primary school curriculum innovation were collected, classified, processed and analyzed by using the norms of the group in the calculation of percentile. The findings of this study were 10 % in a stage of awareness, 14 % in the stage of information; 2 % in the stage of personnel;12 % in the stage of management; 20 % in the stage of consequence;12 % in the stage of collaboration and 20 % in the stage of refocusing. Teachers’ stage of concern to the evaluation of primary school curriculum innovation was low. It was caused by (a) the lack of understanding of primary school teachers on information received, (b) lack of examples and evidence of the benefits of accepted curriculum innovation in school practices, (c) lack of training by trainers in applying new curriculum, (d) so complex in evaluating and (e) the curriculum is continually changing. (f) teacher involvement in implementing program and the training needs (g) adequate time to learn, practice, master and apply what needs to be learned about an curriculum innovation (h) teachers’ commitment to implement the curriculum innovation; (i); principal knowledge of educational change; (j) principals role in carrying out programs; (k) principals' moral support and active participation; (l) collaborative planning by teachers and administrators.","PeriodicalId":373444,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128497859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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