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The Quality of Vital Registration of the Jews in East-Central Europe in the Nineteenth Century 19世纪中东欧犹太人生命登记的质量
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.20.013.13656
T. Jankowski
{"title":"The Quality of Vital Registration of the Jews in East-Central Europe in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"T. Jankowski","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.20.013.13656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.20.013.13656","url":null,"abstract":"Vital records are one of the main sources providing insight into the demographic past. For most of the nineteenth century, however, the degree of under-registration of vital events among Jews was much higher than among non-Jews. These omissions undermine the credibility of demographic data on fertility and mortality published in contemporary statistical yearbooks. The analysis shows that the male-to-female ratio at birth aggregated on a regional level reveals the highest under-registration among Jews in the Russian Empire, including Congress Poland, until World War I. On the other hand, Prussian registration covers the Jewish population most completely and already in the 1820s shows no signs of under-registration. Despite the general low quality of registration systems, records from selected individual towns still pass quality tests. Top-down imposition of the registration duties, corporatism, defective legal regulations, bureaucratic inefficiency and personal characteristics of civil registrars were the main reasons for under-registration.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70993649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Obraz kobiety wykorzenionej w prozie nowohebrajskiej na przykładzie opowiadań Icchaka Dowa Berkowicza 新布拉迪斯拉发散文中一个被连根拔起的女人的形象——以Icchak Dow Berkowicz的故事为例
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.21.014.15069
Agata Jaworska
{"title":"Obraz kobiety wykorzenionej w prozie nowohebrajskiej na przykładzie opowiadań Icchaka Dowa Berkowicza","authors":"Agata Jaworska","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.21.014.15069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.21.014.15069","url":null,"abstract":"An Image of an Uprooted Woman in New Hebrew Prose on the Basis of Short Stories by Isaac Dov Berkowitz The uprooted hero is one of the leading themes in Hebrew prose at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It also occupies a central place in the stories of Isaac Dov Berkowitz. The uproot metaphor reflects the hero’s alienation in many aspects of life. In a broader sense, it is a reaction to the sense of suspension between the traditions of their ancestors and the progressive secularization of their world. The exceptions are stories whose protagonist is an uprooted female figure. This is a unique phenomenon considering the lower hierarchical position of women in Judaism and the limited access to religious and secular literature at the time. The female uprooting results from other factors. Women do not follow science or ideology, they want to free themselves from the norms of Jewish customs, escape loneliness and experience individualism. The objective of the paper is to present the image of Berkowitz’s heroines and compare them from the perspective of alienation. The starting point for consideration is the classification of the uprooted and the division of Berkowitz’s heroes according to Nurit Govrin and variants of the uprooting by Simon Halkin.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70995201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Homoerotyka i autocenzura. Nowe spojrzenie na wczesną twórczość poetycką Szmuela Jankewa Imbera 同性恋和自我审查。对扬基早期诗歌作品的新认识
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.4467/24500100STJ.20.004.12918
A. Stepnowski
{"title":"Homoerotyka i autocenzura. Nowe spojrzenie na wczesną twórczość poetycką Szmuela Jankewa Imbera","authors":"A. Stepnowski","doi":"10.4467/24500100STJ.20.004.12918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100STJ.20.004.12918","url":null,"abstract":"Homoerotics and self-censorship: New views on the early poetry of shmuel yankev imber This article explores queer traits in the early poetry of Shmuel Yankev Imber. The paper identifies those spaces, where the sexual identity of the lyrical “I”was fluid and defied the sexual, social and literary norms of the poet’s time. The article emphasizes acts of self-censorship that occurred within Imber’s oeuvre in the short period between 1909 and 1914 when the poet published his second book. The article also discusses the social and literary context in which Imber lived and worked.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46311431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Rzemiosło żydowskie w Lublinie i jego instytucje w latach trzydziestych XX wieku 20世纪30年代卢布林的犹太工艺及其制度
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.4467/24500100STJ.20.006.12920
Piotr Sewruk
{"title":"Rzemiosło żydowskie w Lublinie i jego instytucje w latach trzydziestych XX wieku","authors":"Piotr Sewruk","doi":"10.4467/24500100STJ.20.006.12920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100STJ.20.006.12920","url":null,"abstract":"Jewish crafts in Lublin and their institutions in the 1930s The paper attempts to reconstruct the condition of Jewish crafts in Lublin in the 1930s after the new legal regulations for industry were introduced in 1927 (“The act on industry law”). Crafts in Lublin in this period were ethnically strongly polarized between the two groups. Jews owned 60 percent of all the workshops in the city, while Poles held the rest of the crafts and services. Jewish craftsmen dominated mainly in textile (tailoring) and leather (shoemaking) industries and services like hairdressing or photography. The article focuses primarily on quantitative and statistic aspects of the discussed topic. Jewish craft organizations (craft guilds), supporting institutions (credit institutions for craftsmen) and Jewish personnel of the Lublin Chamber of Crafts are also presented.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47852933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Old Privileges and the New Spirit of Law: Jewish Residential Areas in the Duchy of Warsaw 旧特权与新法律精神:华沙公国的犹太人居住区
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.4467/24500100STJ.20.002.12916
Aleksandra Oniszczuk
{"title":"The Old Privileges and the New Spirit of Law: Jewish Residential Areas in the Duchy of Warsaw","authors":"Aleksandra Oniszczuk","doi":"10.4467/24500100STJ.20.002.12916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100STJ.20.002.12916","url":null,"abstract":"Among the most important aspects of government policy aimed at Jews in the nineteenth-century Polish lands was the issue of where Jews could reside. Medieval in its roots, the conviction that some form of separation was needed was vested in contemporary arguments. Pertinent in this context was the stance taken by the authorities of the Duchy of Warsaw. The article discusses the question whether old city privileges imposing restrictions on Jews were in force at that time. The author claims—contrary to previous historiography—that this question cannot be reduced to a simple “yes”or “no”answer. Referring to the concepts of sociology of law, the double dimension of law (law in books and law in action) can be identified. The issue may serve as an interesting example of legal pluralism and the power of law-convictions. Based on ministerial and local correspondence, the analysis leads to two major conclusions. First, while in theory old city privileges were no longer in force— and this was clearly stated by ministers—the latter decided to refrain from announcing this to the public. Moreover, they agreed to develop an unofficial policy of resolving some cases “as if the old privileges were still binding.”Second, the officially introduced concept of district (rewir) was designed to replace the old privileges, as it offered a variety of new justifications. These were linked to the modernization policy, with claims regarding the integration of acculturated individuals, order, sanitation, and safety.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47509298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
XVII-wieczne macewy z Chęcin – aspekty historyczne i kulturowe 来自ChÉcin的17世纪马泽瓦斯——历史和文化方面
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.4467/24500100STJ.20.001.12915
A. Trzciński
{"title":"XVII-wieczne macewy z Chęcin – aspekty historyczne i kulturowe","authors":"A. Trzciński","doi":"10.4467/24500100STJ.20.001.12915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100STJ.20.001.12915","url":null,"abstract":"Seventeenth-century matzevot from Chęciny: Historical and cultural aspects The article focuses on the seventeenth-century Jewish tombstones made of a decorative limestone (the so-called Chęciny marble) in stonecutters’ workshops operating from the early seventeenth century in Chęciny. It discusses matzevot produced in this town both for clients from other localities (including Lublin and Kraków) and for local population (matzevot preserved at the local Jewish cemetery). It analyzes their artistic and technical values as well as the situation of producers and clients in a broader historical context (such as wars and epidemics in the mid-century). It also explores the tombstones preserved in Chęciny itself as historical sources for the study of the local Jewish community and the cemetery as such. The last part of the article includes a catalogue of eleven best preserved matzevot from the Jewish cemetery at Chęciny.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44771341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sprawa Asterblumowej. Lustro polsko-żydowskich podziałów i rozczarowań końca lat trzydziestych XX wieku Asterblum案。20世纪30年代末波兰犹太人分裂和失望的镜像
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.4467/24500100STJ.20.005.12919
Sandra Tomczak
{"title":"Sprawa Asterblumowej. Lustro polsko-żydowskich podziałów i rozczarowań końca lat trzydziestych XX wieku","authors":"Sandra Tomczak","doi":"10.4467/24500100STJ.20.005.12919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100STJ.20.005.12919","url":null,"abstract":"Asterblumowa’s case: some reflections on Polish-Jewish divisions and disappointments of the late 1930s Cywja Asterblumowa was a first-year law student at the University of Warsaw when during one of many antisemitic riots in 1936 she was beaten and accused of insulting the Polish nation. In the trial, the judge and the prosecutor, taking into consideration her religious faith, refused her the right to feel Polish. The author of the article presents not only Asterblumowa’s case—from her enrolling in the university to being imprisoned—but above all, concentrates on the reactions of the public opinion in which the discussion centered on the Polishness and Jewishness as well as the truth and the usurpation. In Asterblumowa’s case and the discussion surrounding it, all the divisions, prejudices, stereotypes, fierceness, disappointment and resignation, which the late 1930s brought upon the Polish-Jewish relations, are clearly visible.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47221468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Koncepcja praw noachickich w Sefer ha-chinuch Sefer ha chinuch中的Noachi权利概念
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.19.009.12392
Piotr Majdanik
{"title":"Koncepcja praw noachickich w Sefer ha-chinuch","authors":"Piotr Majdanik","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.19.009.12392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.19.009.12392","url":null,"abstract":"THE CONCEPT OF NOAHIDE LAWS IN SEFER HA-CHINUCH\u0000\u0000Sefer ha-chinuch is one of the earliest and most interesting works created after Maimonides which deal more broadly with the issue of Noahide laws (laws given according to the Judaic tradition to all humanity). The purpose of the article is to present the original views of the author of this book on the issue of seven Noahide laws, and in particular on their relations to the 613 commandments of Israel. Discussion on the Noahide laws in Sefer ha-chinuch is not organized in a systematic way. The originality and value of this work lies, firstly, in the very approach to this topic in a general way (the inspiration was certainly Maimonides); secondly, in the concept of Noahide laws as categories, the details of which are comparable, although not identical, to the Israeli commandments. This concept resulted in an innovative construction involving the incorporation of the Noahide commandments into a discussion on individual Israeli commandments. Thirdly, the originality of the work is manifested also in certain halachic concepts concerning aspects of specific Noahide laws, often departing from Maimonides’ solutions.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Człowiek w objęciach systemu. O Podróży do krainy zeków Julija Margolina 系统中的人。关于河流之地之旅Julia Margolina
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.19.012.12395
A. Lenart
{"title":"Człowiek w objęciach systemu. O Podróży do krainy zeków Julija Margolina","authors":"A. Lenart","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.19.012.12395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.19.012.12395","url":null,"abstract":"THE MAN IN THE GRIP OF THE SOVIET SYSTEM: ON JULIUS MARGOLIN’S WORK JOURNEY TO THE LAND OF THE ZE-KA\u0000\u0000The article focuses on Julius Margolin’s life and memoirs. Margolin was born in Pinsk, survived the Sovietization of Poland, and then spent five years in Soviet gulags. He witnessed the cruel history and functioning of the Soviet regime. The analysis is made on the basis of Margolin’s work Journey to the Land of the Ze-Ka, in which he wanted to show to the world the truth about the Soviet totalitarian system. In that way he intended to fight for freedom of millions of people and for human rights.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45414875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reforma żydowskiej muzyki liturgicznej w Galicji na przełomie XIX i XX wieku 19世纪和20世纪之交加利西亚犹太礼拜音乐的改革
Studia Judaica Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.4467/24500100stj.19.011.12394
Sylwia Jakubczyk-Ślęczka
{"title":"Reforma żydowskiej muzyki liturgicznej w Galicji na przełomie XIX i XX wieku","authors":"Sylwia Jakubczyk-Ślęczka","doi":"10.4467/24500100stj.19.011.12394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.19.011.12394","url":null,"abstract":"THE REFORM OF JEWISH LITURGICAL MUSIC IN GALICIA AT THE TURN OF THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES\u0000\u0000The article presents the issue of the reform of Jewish liturgical music in Galicia at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Its main question concerns the essence of the reform, the novelty of which relied rather on the introduction of a modern way of performance of traditional music than replacing it with a new repertoire. The text discusses the role of new music performers such as cantors, choirs and organists in Galician Temples. It draws attention to the aesthetic changes of synagogue music and its ideological foundations. It also presents the attitude of progressive Galician Jews toward the repertoire of West European synagogues as well as to the music composed by local orthodox cantors, such as Baruch Schorr, Baruch Kinstler or Eliezer Goldberg. As the analysis of the historical material shows, their musical tastes and strong attachment to tradition tied them more closely to the Galician orthodoxy than to the German reform.","PeriodicalId":37335,"journal":{"name":"Studia Judaica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45846009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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