Canadian Journal of Bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Le fondement onto-éthique de la solidarité selon Hans Jonas","authors":"J. Oliveira","doi":"10.7202/1094697ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1094697ar","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Abstract Dans cet article, nous analysons les bases onto-éthiques du concept jonassien de « solidarité d’intérêts », compris comme un lien unissant tous les êtres vivants en un réseau d’interdépendances existentielles. Cette perspective renforce la critique contemporaine en éthique et en sciences à propos de l’anthropocentrisme qui est, de la même façon, au cœur de la critique que Hans Jonas fait de l’éthique traditionnelle et de la science moderne. Cet article analyse les bases onto-éthiques de ce concept à l’aide du « principe de médiateté » que Jonas comprend comme la capacité d’établir des médiations avec le milieu en vue de la préservation de l’autre, mais aussi de soi- même, de telle façon qu’il s’agirait d’une forme très particulière de solidarité, celle qui, dans le cadre organique, n’exclut pas l’intérêt de la vie pour l’auto-préservation. La solidarité est une condition ontologique d’interdépendance entre les êtres et aussi, selon Jonas, entre les choses, incluant un partage d’identité entre différentes formes de vie et une marque fondamentale de l’Être, car selon cette logique, l’expérience la plus intime de la vie est de résister à la mort – voire c’est cette solidarité qui devient le principal motif de tels rapports. Dans le cadre de l’histoire des réseaux de solidarité, l’être humain occupe une","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71255957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mourir au 21 siècle : entre corporalités et technologies, de Audrey Deveault et Michaël Lessard","authors":"S. Legault","doi":"10.7202/1089792ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1089792ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Street Where I Yelled Your Name","authors":"Hans Henrik Løyche","doi":"10.7202/1089803ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1089803ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment of Indigenous Study Participants in Canada: Obligations or Constraints? An Ethical Reflection","authors":"P. Farrugia","doi":"10.7202/1089789ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1089789ar","url":null,"abstract":"Recruitment of study participants from marginalized populations present unique challenges for researchers and associated institutions. Researchers must be aware of the specific adaptations required in the research process in conducting research within and Indigenous populations. Cultural consciousness is key with any research conducted within these populations to understand the past issues that can influence present and future willingness to participate in research. This article aims to provide context and examples where increasing cultural awareness of specific ethical principles during the recruitment phase can affect the study process as well as the researcher themselves. Integrating Indigenous cultural concepts within the recruitment and study design process can help to lay the groundwork for a positive research process as a whole and facilitate Résumé Abstract Le recrutement de participants à des études au sein de populations marginalisées présente des défis uniques pour les chercheurs et les institutions associées. Les chercheurs doivent être conscients des adaptations spécifiques requises dans le processus de recherche pour mener des recherches au sein des populations autochtones. La conscience culturelle est essentielle pour toute recherche menée au sein de ces populations, afin de comprendre les problèmes passés qui peuvent influencer la volonté actuelle et future de participer à la recherche. Cet article vise à fournir un contexte et des exemples où une sensibilisation culturelle accrue à des principes éthiques spécifiques pendant la phase de recrutement peut avoir un impact sur le processus d’étude ainsi que sur le chercheur lui-même. L’intégration de concepts culturels indigènes dans le processus de recrutement et de conception de l’étude peut contribuer à jeter les bases d’un processus de recherche positif dans son ensemble et faciliter un environnement d’étude approprié pour toutes les personnes impliquées. process can help to lay the groundwork for a positive research process as a whole and facilitate an appropriate study environment for all involved. Mots-clés research questions (and analysis) and indigenous ways of knowing that lead to community benefits without stigmatization for participation in research. Awareness of these issues and acknowledgement of Indigenous perspectives on research are a key step for non-Indigenous researchers in the recruitment process, and the ethical conduct of research more generally.","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics of Amnestics and Analgesics: The Role of Memory in Mediating Pain and Harm","authors":"Marina Salis, C. Brenna","doi":"10.7202/1094698ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1094698ar","url":null,"abstract":"Analgesia and amnesia represent two complimentary pillars of anesthesia directed, respectively, at mitigating the experience of pain and the processes of encoding that experience into memory. These elements are typically combined in modern anesthetic techniques, but some circumstances exist – such as conscious sedation – in which the conditions of amnesia are satisfied while analgesia plays an auxiliary and often incomplete role. These activities reflect a widely held yet underrecognized belief in clinical practice that although pain experiences","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71255598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privacy Considerations in the Canadian Regulation of Commercially-Operated Healthcare Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Blake Murdoch, Allison Jandura, T. Caulfield","doi":"10.7202/1094696ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1094696ar","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being developed and implemented in healthcare. This presents privacy issues since many AI systems are privately owned and rely on data sharing arrangements for mass quantities of patient health information. We investigated the Canadian legal and policy framework focusing on regulation relevant to the potential for inappropriate use or disclosure of personal health information by private AI companies. This included analysis of federal and provincial legislation, common law and research ethics policy. Our evaluation of the various regulatory frameworks found that together they require private AI companies and their partners in healthcare implementation","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71256044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La recherche translationnelle et la science de l’implantation : des outils pour les bioéthiciens pour étudier les enjeux éthiques de nouvelles technologies","authors":"Tierry Morel-Laforce, Vardit Ravitsky, Anne-Marie Laberge","doi":"10.7202/1089788ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1089788ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soutenir les valeurs d’écoresponsabilité et de justice occupationnelle intergénérationnelle dans un contexte clinique : un devoir pour l’ergothérapeute ?","authors":"Marie-Josée Drolet, Valentine Lafond","doi":"10.7202/1089783ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1089783ar","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Abstract Cet article questionne la pertinence de soutenir la valeur qu’est l’écoresponsabilité et, plus largement, la justice occupationnelle intergénérationnelle dans le contexte de la pratique clinique de l’ergothérapeute. Au moment d’adopter des pratiques professionnelles respectueuses de ces valeurs, l’ergothérapeute peut être amené à vivre un dilemme éthique opposant celles-ci à l’approche centrée sur le client qui est grandement valorisée au sein de la profession. Cet article développe une réflexion éthique sur un des résultats d’une recherche qui a été menée sur les pratiques durables ou écoresponsables en ergothérapie. Plus précisément, nous développons une réflexion éthique sur la légitimité pour l’ergothérapeute de défendre les valeurs que sont l’écoresponsabilité et la justice occupationnelle intergénérationnelle dans un contexte clinique. Pour ce faire, le Cadre éthique quadripartite (CÉQ) – un cadre d’analyse éthique qui a été développé pour soutenir l’ergothérapeute dans ses réflexions éthiques – est mobilisé. Sans apporter une réponse claire ni définitive quant à la pertinence éthique de défendre ces valeurs en clinique, la réflexion ici développée met en lumière des éléments qui pourraient être considérés par l’ergothérapeute qui vit ce dilemme éthique. This article questions the relevance of supporting the value of eco-responsibility and, more broadly, intergenerational occupational justice in the context of the clinical practice of the occupational therapy. When adopting professional practices that are respectful of these values, occupational therapists may be faced with an ethical dilemma that opposes these values to the client-centred approach that is highly valued within the profession. This article develops an ethical reflection on one of the results of a research study conducted on sustainable or eco- responsible practices in occupational therapy. More specifically, we develop an ethical reflection on the legitimacy for occupational therapists to defend the values of eco-responsibility and intergenerational occupational justice in a clinical context. To do so, we mobilize the Quadripartite Ethical Framework (QEF), an ethical analysis framework that was developed to support occupational therapists in their ethical reflections. Without providing a clear or definitive answer as to the ethical relevance of defending these values in a clinical setting, the reflection developed here highlights elements that could be considered by occupational therapists experiencing such an ethical dilemma.","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersex Stigma and Discrimination: Effects on Patient-Centred Care and Medical Communication","authors":"Marilou Charron, Katie M. Saulnier, N. Palmour, Hortense Gallois, Y. Joly","doi":"10.7202/1089782ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1089782ar","url":null,"abstract":"Discrimination: abstract Individuals with intersex variations fall outside the normative sex binary of male and female for various reasons. These individuals are highly stigmatized and discriminated against in the legal, medical and social spheres. In this paper, we analyze manifestations of such discrimination in the healthcare context and hypothesize that Patient Centred Care (PCC) and Shared Decision Making (SDM) approaches are improperly practiced with intersex individuals. Through a narrative review of current literature, we present evidence of improper practice of PCC and SDM and its effects on intersex individuals and, in the pediatric context, their parents. Misinformation by medical practitioners to parents of intersex individuals promotes the perpetuation of unnecessary surgical interventions. We propose strategies to improve intersex medical care, including better adherence to SDM and PCC guidelines as well as the sociocultural normalisation of intersex identity. Current perceptions of surgical interventions done on intersex infants and children need to better align with evidence-based physical and psychological health risks. All these strategies are part of preserving the autonomy and physical integrity of intersex individuals and ensuring that their well-being remains at the heart of their care in the medical context. Résumé Abstract Les personnes présentant des variations intersexuelles se situent en dehors du binaire sexuel normatif homme/femme pour diverses raisons. Ces personnes sont fortement stigmatisées et discriminées dans les sphères juridiques, médicale et sociale. Dans cet article, nous analysons les manifestations de cette discrimination dans le contexte des soins de santé et nous émettons l’hypothèse que les approches de soins centrés sur le patient (SCP) et de prise de décision partagée (PDP) sont mal pratiquées avec les personnes intersexuées. Un examen narratif de la littérature actuelle permet de présenter les preuves d’une pratique inadéquate des SCP et de la PDP, ainsi que leurs répercussions sur les personnes intersexuées et, dans le contexte pédiatrique, sur leurs parents. La désinformation des parents de personnes intersexuées par les praticiens médicaux favorise la perpétuation d’interventions chirurgicales inutiles. Nous proposons des stratégies pour améliorer les soins médicaux aux personnes intersexuées, notamment une meilleure adhésion aux directives de la SCP et du PDP ainsi que la normalisation socioculturelle de l’identité intersexuée. Les perceptions actuelles des interventions chirurgicales pratiquées sur les nourrissons et les enfants intersexués doivent mieux correspondre aux risques pour la santé physique et psychologique fondés sur des preuves. Toutes ces stratégies s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la préservation de l’autonomie et de l’intégrité physique des personnes intersexuées et de la garantie que leur bien-être reste au cœur de leur prise en charge dans le contexte médical. Individuals with int","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entre responsabilité et liberté : la place fondamentale de l’éthique en temps de crise","authors":"Émilie Remaud, M. Bouguet, G. Marignac","doi":"10.7202/1089795ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1089795ar","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of the second wave of COVID-19, on November 7, 2020, the conference ???Questions d?????thique??? was held at the Lieu Unique in Nantes (France). Prof. Axel Kahn???s presentation focused on the ethical perspective of the relations between information and media, researchers and clinical trials, individual liberty and health democracy, but also the urgency of care, patient triage and confinement. Starting from the indispensable character of ???ethics in times of crisis???, the title of his talk, he analyzed his practice through the prism of liberty and responsibility.","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}