Water Security最新文献

{"title":"Gender dimensions of water vending in LMICs: A scoping review","authors":"Lukas T.J. Weissenberger,&nbsp;Susan J. Elliott","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This scoping review draws together the existing literature on the gender dimensions of water vending. Although research on this topic remains limited, available studies indicate that gender significantly influences the dynamics of water vending and its implications for gender equality. The expression of gender through water vending is context-specific, shaped by cultural, social, economic, and environmental factors, and it evolves over time. The findings show that gender norms, roles, and relations play a crucial role in shaping local water vending systems. Key factors that affect the relationship between water vending and gender include different types of labor—particularly the intersection of productive and reproductive work—and the broader economic, social, and environmental conditions in which water vending occurs. These findings highlight the need to recognize the gendered nature of water supply systems in order to ensure equitable water access and promote gender equality. This review emphasizes that, despite the heterogeneity of local water vending practices, the gendered nature of these activities remains a critical factor influencing broader issues of inequality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The past, present, and future of Ghana’s WASH sector. An explorative analysis","authors":"Thelma Z. Abu ,&nbsp;Meshack Achore ,&nbsp;Mohammod Irfan ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Musah ,&nbsp;Tanko Yussif Azzika","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) are fundamental to human health and development. Initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) propelled WASH inequities to the forefront of development. Several countries have undergone reforms to ensure universal access to WASH. Using Ghana as a case study, we traced the evolutionary path of Ghana’s WASH sector highlighting persistent socio-ecological and political-economic factors shaping the current WASH sector reforms and access. We then engage in an integrated assessment modelling to examine the viability and implications of achieving targets of SDG 6 using the International Futures simulation. We find a more feasible pathway to achieving universal WASH access should prioritize eradicating open defecation and surface water use often experienced in rural and urban slums.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using managed aquifer recharge to address land subsidence: Insights from a global literature review","authors":"Constantin Seidl ,&nbsp;Declan Page ,&nbsp;Sarah Ann Wheeler","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) – through mitigating groundwater over-extraction – has been used as a tool to mitigate land subsidence in many regions around the world. However, given that to date, MAR has not been used to its full potential as a water resource management tool, then subsequently MAR for land subsidence mitigation (MAR-LS) is also underutilized. This paper reviews the MAR and MAR-LS literature using three approaches. Firstly, we review a global case study database of 314 MAR schemes from 172 studies to examine whether non-trial MAR-LS schemes are different to other MAR schemes in technology, management, and effectiveness. To explore socio-economic and other influences on MAR-LS effectiveness, we complement this with a comparison of economic assessments of MAR and MAR-LS schemes to explore potential unique economic and financial characteristics and how they influence effectiveness. And finally, we undertake a detailed case study review of the effectiveness and issues with MAR-LS schemes in Shanghai, Las Vegas, and Mexico City, shedding light on aspects not captured by the previous two assessments. A range of relevant MAR insights and findings are provided to foster future successful MAR-LS implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The syndemics of food and water insecurities on emotional distress and overall wellbeing in Ghana: Findings from a cross-sectional study","authors":"Joseph Kangmennaang ,&nbsp;Susan J. Elliott","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water and food security are essential to health and wellbeing. Although globally, progress has been made in improving access to safe drinking water and adequate amounts of healthy and nutritious diets, insecurities remain, resulting in major public health concerns. Furthermore, we know little about the syndemics of living with both water and food insecurities. This study examines the relationship between water and food insecurities, as well as their interaction effects on emotional distress and overall wellbeing.</div><div>Using Ghana as a case study, we conducted a cross-sectional household survey (n = 1,036) using a multi-stage sampling technique and employed multilevel mixed effects generalized linear and logistics models (meglm and melogit) to analyze the outcome variables.</div><div>Participants subjective wellbeing was measured using a modified global wellbeing measure that follows a multidimensional approach. Emotional distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20) which assesses several aspects of emotional distress including predisposition to depression, anxiety, and social impairment.</div><div>We found that medium water insecure (aOR=1.79, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) and severe food insecure (aOR=2.05, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) households had higher likelihood of reporting emotional distress compared to households that did not experience either water or food insecurities, respectively. In addition to the main effects, there were significant interaction effects between experiencing medium water insecurity and severe food insecurity on emotional distress. Similarly, there were significant interaction effects between experiencing medium water insecurity and severe food insecurity as well as experiencing severe water insecurity and severe food insecurity on subjective wellbeing compared to households that were both water and food secure, respectively. In addition to water and food insecurities at the household level, other significant predictors of emotional distress and wellbeing included income adequacy, housing security and poverty.</div><div>Conceptualizing, measuring, and tracking the syndemics of food and water insecurities on emotional distress and overall wellbeing provides useful insight into the need for and efficacy of public health and global development interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More than Magnitude: Towards a multidimensional understanding of unprecedented weather to better support disaster management","authors":"Dorothy Heinrich ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Stephens ,&nbsp;Erin Coughlan de Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 1900 Galveston Texas Hurricane, the 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave, and the 2023 Tropical Cyclone Freddy were all events that were unprecedented in diverse ways and had severe humanitarian impacts. Understanding past and future risk of unprecedented weather is an emerging question across climate science disciplines but use of this research by the humanitarian sector has been limited. This cross-disciplinary paper is an effort by climate scientists and humanitarian practitioners to address this gap. For it, we combined narrative and scoping literature reviews with structured practitioner engagement to develop a working definition and typology of unprecedented weather through a disaster management lens. We qualitatively coded over 400 peer-reviewed articles to highlight the current state of research on unprecedented weather, and then discussed these findings in a workshop with 48 humanitarian practitioners. Our results show that, while analyses of past and future unprecedented weather often focus on the magnitude of such events, extreme weather can be unprecedented in many other dimensions, all which have significant implications for early warning, anticipatory action, and disaster response planning. We conclude with a call for more imagination and diversity in research on extreme weather risks, and for closer collaboration between climate scientists and disaster managers to design and answer questions that matter for humanitarian outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land subsidence in the Mid-Atlantic United States: Creeping disaster threatens water, energy, and climate security","authors":"Christopher A. Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review addresses land subsidence resulting from earth-system processes compounded by anthropogenic drivers, including water-level controls for infrastructure protection, groundwater use, and hydrocarbon development. Coastal and inland subsidence in the Mid-Atlantic United States, including the Chesapeake Bay, is a creeping disaster with distinct but interlinked threats for water, energy, and climate security. Subsidence is characterized by irreversibility on human timescales and only indirect policy responses. Subsidence governance – currently centered on complex legislation and multi-tiered institutional arrangements across federal, state, and private-sector actors – must be extended with improved public information to involve civil society in order to more effectively address the challenges of subsidence disaster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukraine’s water security under pressure: Climate change and wartime","authors":"S. Snizhko ,&nbsp;I. Didovets ,&nbsp;A. Bronstert","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ukraine’s water resources depend on external water flow and are unevenly distributed across the country. Water security in Ukraine is threatened by climate-related risks, including droughts and floods, resulting in substantial economic losses. But the greatest risks to water security are posed by military operations. Russia’s occupation of the southeastern part of the territory of Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, along with the start of a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, further worsened the state of Ukraine’s water resources. The destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir deprived Ukraine of 10% of its water resources, which were used to support the agricultural and industrial South of Ukraine. It has caused a loss of access to quality drinking water for 6 million people in Ukraine and more that 13 million people have a limited access to water for satisfying sanitary and hygienic needs. The continuation of the war will have multiple negative sustainability implications not only in Ukraine but also on a global scale, hampering the achievement of clean water and sanitation, conservation and sustainable use of water resources and energy, and food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talks about privatization of water and sanitation: A critical discourse analysis of contributions to a UN report","authors":"Priscila Neves-Silva ,&nbsp;Maria Carmen Aires Gomes ,&nbsp;Léo Heller","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Privatization of water and sanitation services was strongly boosted in the 1980s. In 2020, a UN report was published pointing out that privatizing of water and sanitation services can pose risks to the guarantee of access to the human rights to water and sanitation (HRtWS). When preparing the report, a public consultation was held to receive contributions, through a standardized questionnaire, from governments, service providers, and civil society. This article aims to analyze the discourse positioning of the agents on the privatization of these services and their relationship with the guarantee of access to the HRtWS. Based on the critical-discursive approach, responses to 99 questionnaires – 18 from government, 20 from civil society and 61 from private providers – were assessed. Of those, 12 out of the 18 states that answered the questionnaire aligned themselves with the discourse of private providers, emphasizing that privatization can promote higher quality and more efficient service. Additionally, private entities point out that public agents cannot mobilize external resources and manage them efficiently. However, civil society draw attention to the fact that private providers do not put their own resources into improving infrastructure and that when they do it, they seek a quick return on investment through tariffs resulting in increased tariffs and, consequently, disconnection of people in vulnerable situations. For these actors, service privatization would be a risk to the guarantee of the HRtWS. The analysis revealed substantial discrepancies in the views of actors on the subject, pointing out to discourse disputes regarding the role of the State in the debate about water and sanitation provision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household water sharing: Implications for disaster recovery and water policy","authors":"Jelena Jankovic-Rankovic ,&nbsp;Anaís Roque ,&nbsp;Asher Rosinger ,&nbsp;Ellis Adams ,&nbsp;Amber L. Pearson ,&nbsp;Hilda Lloréns ,&nbsp;Carlos Garcia-Quijano ,&nbsp;Justin Stoler ,&nbsp;Leila M. Harris ,&nbsp;Amber Wutich ,&nbsp;Alexandra Brewis","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Access to safe water is vital for community health, especially during disaster and recovery periods when standard solutions may be slow or politically stalled. Water sharing, an informal and self-guided coping mechanism, becomes critical during disasters when standard water infrastructure is damaged or destroyed. Drawing on diverse literature, we highlight the prevalence and importance of household water sharing in disaster contexts, emphasizing its potential benefits and trade-offs. We explain why these systems–while often invisible–are important and relevant to disaster recovery. Our review identifies five key observations and implications for disaster intervention, emphasizing the need for tailored support for economically marginalized groups and the integration of water sharing practices as a short-term coping mechanism into disaster response and recovery agendas. We advocate for further research to evaluate the long-term impacts of water sharing and inform policy and intervention strategies while recognizing that such community-level coping mechanisms alongside formal water services may effectively address water insecurity and bolster resilience in disaster-affected communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141961225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between a rock and a hard place: A geosocial approach to water insecurity in Kabul","authors":"Mohammad Daud Hamidi ,&nbsp;Marco J. Haenssgen ,&nbsp;Milica Vasiljevic ,&nbsp;Hugh Chris Greenwell ,&nbsp;Edward G.J. Stevenson","doi":"10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Approximately 50% of the global population currently experiences severe water scarcity, a situation likely to intensify due to climate change. At the same time, the poorest population segments bear the greatest burden of water insecurity. This intersection of geophysical, geochemical, and socio-economic dimensions of water (in)security challenges requires a geosocial perspective, one that attends simultaneously to geophysical, geochemical, and socio-economic dimensions. Our qualitative study, conducted through 68 semi-structured interviews across two distinct sub-basins in Kabul, revealed disparities in groundwater levels, water quality, water prices, and lived experiences of water insecurity. While environmental stressors like drought and groundwater contamination contribute to water insecurity, socio-economic factors such as gender and property ownership exacerbate these impacts: Women and children bear a heavy burden of securing water, with children’s involvement in water-fetching leading to instances of violence. Furthermore, trucked water costs 33 times that of piped water, echoing alarming global trends where less privileged communities endure disproportionately greater challenges of water inaccessibility. We outline policy implications for monitoring groundwater abstraction and underscore the need for tailored strategies to combat water scarcity, such as pro-poor water strategies. Additionally, our work draws attention to the role of local gatekeepers who have informally regulated water usage in response to drought-induced scarcity, particularly in the absence of functioning government policies, underscoring the importance of collaboration with local stakeholders to ensure sustainable access to water. We argue that a geosocial approach to water (in)security can provide high-resolution findings and reveal critical gaps between common metrics and the realities of water (in)security, which also underlines the need for integrated approaches incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37308,"journal":{"name":"Water Security","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468312424000130/pdfft?md5=c00132f6e28ca8cf195306044eb3c498&pid=1-s2.0-S2468312424000130-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}